Valid Questionnaires Research Articles

Integrating Scientific Approaches in Digital Learning Materials to Improve Spatial Abilities in Cube Geometry: A Research and Development

This research aims to determine the level of validity, practicality and effectiveness of digital teaching materials based on a scientific approach, so that they can improve students' spatial abilities in cube material. This type of research is development research with the ADDIE development model. Research instruments in the research include questionnaire validation sheets, lesson plan validation sheets, digital teaching material validation sheets, test instrument validation sheets, spatial ability tests, as well as teacher and student response questionnaires to digital teaching materials. The research results show that: (1) the scientific approach-based digital teaching materials developed have met the validity criteria based on validator assessments with the average validity of digital teaching materials for material being 3.44 and 3.82 for media in the very appropriate category; (2) the scientific approach-based digital teaching materials developed have met the practicality criteria through: a) the results of the student response questionnaire to digital teaching materials show a practicality percentage of 82.75% in the very practical category, b) the results of the teacher response questionnaire to digital teaching materials show practicality percentage 91.67% in the very practical category; (3) The scientific approach-based digital teaching materials developed meet the effective criteria with: a) classical student learning completeness of 90%, b) more than 65% of students have achieved 75% of the learning objectives for each indicator, c) increasing students' spatial abilities After using digital teaching materials, it can be seen from the students' average score increasing from 47.67 in the pretest to 86.50 in the posttest. The results of the N-Gain analysis which shows that students' spatial abilities have increased by 0.725, meaning they are in the high category.

Development and validation of an instrument to evaluate the perspective of using the electronic health record in a hospital setting

BackgroundEvaluating healthcare information systems, such as the Electronic Health Records (EHR), is both challenging and essential, especially in resource-limited countries. This study aims to psychometrically develop and validate an instrument (questionnaire) to assess the factors influencing the successful adoption of the EHR system by healthcare professionals in Moroccan university hospitals.MethodsThe questionnaire validation process occurred in two main stages. Initially, data collected from a pilot sample of 164 participants underwent analysis using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to evaluate the validity and reliability of the retained factor structure. Subsequently, the validity of the overall measurement model was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a sample of 368 healthcare professionals.ResultsThe structure of the modified HOT-fit model, comprising seven constructs (System Quality, Information Quality, Information technology Service Quality, User Satisfaction, Organization, Environment, and Clinical Performance), was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. Absolute, incremental, and parsimonious fit indices all indicated an appropriate level of acceptability, affirming the robustness of the measurement model. Additionally, the instrument demonstrated adequate reliability and convergent validity, with composite reliability values ranging from 0.75 to 0.89 and average variance extracted (AVE) values ranging from 0.51 to 0.63. Furthermore, the square roots of AVE values exceeded the correlations between different pairs of constructs, and the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT) was below 0.85, confirming suitable discriminant validity.ConclusionsThe resulting instrument, due to its rigorous development and validation process, can serve as a reliable and valid tool for assessing the success of information technologies in similar contexts.

Evaluating the SarQoL® Questionnaire as a Screening Tool for Sarcopenia among Korean Older Adults.

Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, poses significant risks to physical health, leading to a reduced quality of life (QoL), increased disability, and higher mortality rates among older adults. Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent the cascading effects of sarcopenia, including falls, fractures, and hospitalization. This study determined an optimal cut-off point of the SarQoL® score that can serve as an effective screening tool among community-dwelling Korean older adults. The study involved 451 South Korean older adults, assessing the correlation between SarQoL® scores and sarcopenia as defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Participants completed the Korean version of the SarQoL questionnaire. Findings revealed that individuals diagnosed with sarcopenia had significantly lower SarQoL® scores compared to non-sarcopenic participants, with a cut-off score of ≤58.5 providing good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.768, sensitivity = 69.3%, specificity = 75.2%). These results underscore the questionnaire's reliability and validity in screening for sarcopenia-related QoL impairment and its potential utility as a clinical tool. Implementing the SarQoL® in routine assessments could improve clinical outcomes by enabling earlier and more precise identification of sarcopenia.

Dietary patterns related to attention and physiological function in high-altitude migrants.

High altitude exposure negatively affects human attentional function. However, no studies have explored the regulation of attentional and physiological functions from a dietary perspective. A total of 116 Han Chinese students from Tibet University who were born and raised in a plain area and had been living in Tibet for > 2 years were recruited. All participants were male migrants. A food frequency questionnaire, complete blood count, and attention network test were performed on the participants. Pearson's correlation was applied to assess the reliability and validity of the food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was utilized to extract dietary patterns. A linear mixed model was employed to account for individual differences. The results showed that the five main dietary patterns were coarse grain, alcohol, meat, protein, and snacking dietary patterns. Furthermore, individuals who adhered to the coarse grain dietary pattern and had high mean corpuscular hemoglobin showed better attentional performance. Individuals with high alcohol consumption and systemic immune-inflammation index levels exhibited worse attentional performance. These findings imply that high-altitude migrants should include more coarse grains in their daily diet and avoid excessive alcohol consumption to improve attention.

Validity and Reliability of the Persian Translation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Self-assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents

Background: Regularly assessing the oral health of children and adolescents is crucial. Researchers seek valid and reliable questionnaires to obtain comparable global data, enabling oral health evaluation in large populations, remote regions, or even during an epidemic like COVID-19, while saving time and money. Objectives: The present study was conducted to translate and validate the Persian version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Self-assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. Methods: In 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran. The Persian questionnaire was tested on 20 individuals to assess the fluency and clarity of the Persian translation. The questionnaire was then filled out by 40 individuals, and reliability was evaluated using the test-retest method. The final questionnaire was completed by 878 randomly selected participants aged 7 - 18 years online. To establish concurrent validity, the researchers added three questions related to the presence of toothache without dental visits, filled teeth, and teeth with endodontic treatment. Internal consistency was checked by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: A total of 290 students aged 7 to 12 and 588 students aged 13 to 18 participated in the study. Cronbach’s alpha for the entire questionnaire was 0.656 for students under 12 years old and 0.643 for those over 12 years old. The intra-cluster correlation coefficient for both age groups was between 0.81 and 0.87. Examining the concurrent validity of this questionnaire showed that the three additional questions added by the researchers have a significant relationship with the questions describing the health of teeth and gums (oral health), the number of times participants felt toothache in the last 12 months, and the problem of biting and chewing. However, they had no significant relationship with the risk factor related to nutrition. Moreover, the questionnaire is multifactorial. Conclusions: The Persian version of the WHO Oral Health Self-assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents is reliable over time. If the questionnaire is repeated and the responses of people in the same population are collected, it yields similar results. It has internal consistency, but it is a multi-factor questionnaire.

Analysis of pollution status and influencing factors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in household dust in five cities in northern China

Objective: To investigate the pollution levels and influencing factors of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in household dust in five cities in northern China. Methods: Based on the "Chinese Indoor Environment and Health Surveillance" project carried out by the National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018-2019, during the warm season (April 2018 to September 2018) and the cold season (November 2018 to March 2019), Lanzhou in Northwest China, Shijiazhuang in North China, Panjin in Northeast China, Luoyang in Central China, and Qingdao in East China were selected as the research sites. A total of 87 families were recruited to study residences in real-life scenarios. At the same time, dust samples were collected to detect the concentration of PBDEs. The level of household environmental indicators was measured, and the residential building characteristics and family behavior habits were collected through questionnaires. A total of 142 valid dust samples and 140 valid questionnaires were obtained. The differences in PBDE concentrations across seasons, wind zones, residential building characteristics, and family habits were analyzed. The exploratory factor analysis was performed to investigate the possible sources of PBDEs, and multivariate linear regression was used to explore the factors influencing PBDEs in household dust. Results: The M (Q1, Q3) of total PBDE concentrations in 142 household dust samples in five cities was 144.51 (106.61, 222.65) ng/g in the warm season and 145.10 (98.57, 180.65) ng/g in the cold season, respectively. There were seasonal differences in the concentration of ∑12PBDEs in Luoyang and Shijiazhuang (P<0.01). The concentration of BDE-71 was highest among PBDE homologues, followed by BDE-66 and BDE-47. Three factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis in the warm season, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 67.90%. The multivariate linear regression showed that the house completion less than ten years [β (95%CI): 0.186 (0.013, 0.359)], infrequent home cooking [β (95%CI):-0.342 (-0.570, -0.114)], and increased residential PM10 concentration [β (95%CI): 0.001 (0.000, 0.002)] during the warm season, as well as the house far from driveway [β (95%CI): 0.093 (0.013, 0.172)], house area less than 90 m2 [β (95%CI):-0.138 (-0.264, -0.013)], and lower residential xylene concentration [β (95%CI):-0.006 (-0.011, -0.001)] during the cold season might be related to the elevated concentrations of ∑12PBDEs in household dust. Conclusion: The pollution of PBDEs in household dust in five northern cities is at a medium to high level. Years of house completion, frequency of cooking at home, residential PM10 concentration, distance from house to driveway, house area, and residential xylene concentration may influence household PBDE concentrations.

The Involvement, Flow Experience, and Happiness at the 2022 National Chung-Cheng Cup Hockey Tournament

This study investigated the relationship between hockey participants’ involvement, flow experience, and happiness. This study used a questionnaire method to collect data. A total of 300 questionnaires were administered to hockey participants from 2022/12/06 to 2022/12/11 at the National Chushan Senior High School hockey field using a convenience sampling method. After deducting the 12 questionnaires with incomplete answers, the total number of valid questionnaires was 288, with a validity rate of 96.0%. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for descriptive statistics to understand the distribution of sample attributes. Smart PLS 3 was used to analyze the convergent validity, discriminant validity, goodness of fit, and hypothesis validation of the hockey participants’ involvement, flow experience, and happiness models. The results suggest that the 2022 National Chung-Cheng Cup Hockey Tournament participants’ involvement, flow experience, and happiness models had good convergent validity, discriminant validity, and goodness of fit. The involvement of hockey participants in the sport significantly influenced the flow experience (path coefficient of 0.818*). The flow experience had moderate to high explanatory power (R2 = 0.669). The involvement of hockey participants in the sport significantly affected happiness (path coefficient 0.215*), flow experience significantly affected happiness (path coefficient of 0.294*), and happiness had a moderate to high explanatory power (R2 = 0.236). We propose specific recommendations for hockey promotion organizations and future studies based on this study's results.

Psychometric properties of the generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) in a polish postpartum women sample

ObjectiveGeneralized Anxiety Disorder is an international mental health problem. Prevalence for anxiety disorders reported in perinatal period is high and related with adverse parental and child outcomes. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties and factorial validity of General Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire (GAD-7) in the context of postpartum mothers.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 278 mothers (mean age 31.09; SD = 4.42) were recruited at the Neonatology, Gynecology, and Obstetrics Ward. Generalized Anxiety Disorder was assessed with GAD-7, stress with Parental Stress Scale (PSS), while risk of depression with Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to verify factor structure of GAD-7 and the internal consistency was evaluated using reliability coefficients: Cronbach’s Alpha and McDonald’s Omega.ResultsThe internal consistency of the GAD-7 was high (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.90 and MacDonald’s Omega = 0.91). GAD-7 had significant correlations with the variables examined for construct validity, stress (PSS; r = 0.35, p < 0.01) and risk of depression (EPDS; r = 0.76, p < 0.01). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis results supported a good fit of the data to the model: χ²(df) = 14.19 (14), p = 0.44; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.99; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.99; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.007 (90% C.I. 0.000; 0.059).ConclusionGAD-7 has satisfactory psychometric properties. GAD-7 had significant correlations with the variables examined for construct validity with PSS and EPDS. GAD-7 is a reliable instrument for screening anxiety symptoms in perinatal period in research and clinical setting.

Development of Digital Handouts on Pancasila Education Subjects Using the Ricosre Learning Model in Elementary Schools

Digital handouts help enrich material, increase reading interest, and support learning outcomes according to the characteristics of the learning environment. The aim of this research is to produce and develop a suitable and effective digital handout for Pancasila Education Phase B using the RICOSRE learning model in elementary schools. The study also aims to determine the practical impact of developing digital handouts on student learning outcomes for this subject. The research method employs the 4D development model, consisting of four stages: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. This method and model were chosen to produce a digital handbook media. Data sources include 22 fourth-grade students and their teacher from SD Negeri Dateng. Data collection instruments include observation sheets, interview sheets, expert validation forms, written tests, and questionnaires. Data validity was processed using Aiken’s V. The data analysis technique employed is quantitative analysis. Results show that the RICOSRE-based handout is designed to meet student needs, presented online with a flipbook, and relevant to students' environment. Its validity is high according to language, media, and content experts, with percentages of 0.83%, 0.92%, and 0.94%, respectively. Questionnaire results indicate that 93.5% of students and 92.2% of teachers strongly agree with the use of this handout in fourth-grade classes Keywords: Development, Digital Handouts, Literacy, Reading, RICOSRE Learning Model

Effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on amount of salt intake in pregnant women with PreHypertension

BackgroundPrehypertension is one of the common disorders during pregnancy. Reducing salt intake is among the best cost-effective interventions to reduce the risk of hypertension. The present study aimed to explore the effect of an educational intervention based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on amount of salt consumed by prehypertensive pregnant women.MethodsThe present quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2022 on 61 prehypertensive pregnant women visiting the Comprehensive Health Services Centers in Birjand, Iran. Pregnant women were selected through a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. A blood pressure test and a 24-hour urine test were taken in 3 stages (before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention). A reliable and valid questionnaire based on the TPB was used to measure the cognitive variables. The intervention program included three training sessions based on the TPB held on an online platform (WhatsApp social network). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and longitudinal marginal model with the GEE approach in SPSS19. The significance level for all statistical tests was set at p < 0 0.05.ResultsAfter intervention, the mean score of perceived behavioral control (p = 0.02), intention (p = 0.004), and salt consumption behavior (p = 0.03) increased significantly in the intervention group, and the mean score of systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01) decreased significantly in this group. In the control group, a statistically significant difference was observed in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the subjects (p < 0.01). However, the score of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, salt consumption behavior and the daily salt intake did not show a statistically significant difference over time (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe present findings showed that the perceived behavioral control, intention, behavior, systolic and diastolic blood pressure can be modifiable variables to improve the amount of salt consumed by pre-hypertensive pregnant women. Therefore, we recommend that the present model be used to develop interventions to improve health indicators in pregnant women as a highly susceptible group in society.

Initial development of a digitally based comprehensive child mental health questionnaire.

The present report describes the item development and initial validation of a comprehensive child mental health questionnaire through a series of four studies. To maximize clinical utility, the questionnaire was developed to directly reflect Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition psychiatric criteria and diagnoses, cover all mental health conditions that present in youth, and capitalize on the benefits of digital administration, particularly tiered branching logic. Study 1 describes the item generation and development of a tiered item structure. Study 2 established internal consistency and discriminant validity in a representative community sample of 1,000 youth aged 7-17 and a parent. Study 3 examined the acceptability of the questionnaire's content and structure to families and made indicated text revisions. Finally, Study 4 cross validated the internal consistency and tiered structure of a revised version of the questionnaire in a second representative normative sample of 1,000 parent and child dyads. The four studies resulted in a questionnaire consisting of one general mental health question (parent-report only), 16 items (for both parent and child) on a diagnostic category checklist, and 40 scales with screener and follow-up items reflecting DSM-5 criteria for specific disorders (371 parent items and 326 child items). The data support the potential of the questionnaire to efficiently assess the breadth of youth psychiatric symptoms efficiently. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Association Between Dietary Magnesium Intake with Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Adropin Levels and Metabolic Health Status in Iranian Adults.

Given the sparse conclusive findings regarding the association of magnesium intake with metabolic health status and limited evidence relating magnesium intake to metabolic biomarkers, our objective was to evaluate the association of metabolic health status, adropin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in relation to dietary magnesium intake. In this cross-sectional study, 527 male and female adults were investigated in Isfahan City. The data regarding usual dietary intakes were gathered using a valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical variables, anthropometric indices, and blood pressure were assessed following standard methods. The criteria suggested by Wildman et al. were used to classify participants as metabolically unhealthy (MU) and metabolically healthy (MH). Moderate magnesium intake was associated with 71% reduced odds of MU (OR T2 vs. T1 = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12-0.70). In the stratified analysis, the inverse association between moderate intake of magnesium and MU was seen only in overweight/obese subjects but not in normal-weight ones. A significant difference was found in serum levels of adropin between the first and second tertile of dietary magnesium intake among overweight/obese subjects (62.74 ± 4.99 vs. 50.13 ± 2.54, P = 0.03). After adjustment for potential covariates, this association became attenuated (59.06 ± 3.47 vs. 50.02 ± 3.64, P = 0.20). No statistically significant link was obtained between dietary intake of magnesium and circulating BDNF levels. Moderate dietary intake of magnesium may exert beneficial effects on metabolic health and serum levels of adropin, especially in obese/overweight individuals. Further prospective studies will be required to approve our findings.

Aplikasi E-Modul Suhu dan Kalor sebagai Rancangan Bahan Ajar Fisika di SMA

Physics learning in SMA Negeri 1 Lumajang often uses textbooks rather than learning modules as learning resources, so it is necessary to develop physics e-modules. This study aims to determine the development design and the validity of physics e-modules of temperature and heat material in senior high school. The research method used is descriptive which describe phenomena or characteristics of the population under the study. The research instrument is a validation questionnaire, interview guidelines, and documentation. The data obtained were the results of validation conducted by 3 expert validators and 2 user validators. The results showed that the average value of the five validators covering four aspect of eligibility namely content, construct, language, the content feasibility aspect gets a score of 83%, the construct feasibility aspect gets a score of 83%, the language feasibility aspect gets a score of 90%, the display feasibility aspect gets a score of 86%. The overall average validation aspects of the five validators get a value of 85,8% with very valid criteria. Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that the physics e-module of temperature and heat material gets validity results with very valid criteria and can be tested for development to students at the research school.

Sustainable Community-Based Ecotourism Development Mechanism: Oaxaca and Puebla Cases in Mexico

This research intends to identify the processes and factors of Community-Based Ecotourism (CBET) development in indigenous communities, focusing specifically on the states of Oaxaca and Puebla, Mexico. Six different CBET initiatives were investigated. Two methodologies were used for data collection. One approach involves conducting in-depth interviews with community representatives to potentially refine the hypothesis from prior studies and preliminary fieldwork. The other approach uses a questionnaire for the quantitative validation of the hypothesis. The findings revealed core factors influencing CBET success, such as deep community pride, an active community-centered approach, management skills, and the integration of ecotourism with traditional lifestyles. Surprisingly, communities demonstrated a willingness to embrace government support as a pivotal catalyst in the initial phases of CBET endeavors. This openness is influenced by specific national laws that endorse and safeguard indigenous autonomy, ensuring that accrued benefits are retained within the community. This study underscores the delicate balance between heritage preservation and a thoughtful acceptance of modern progress, offering valuable insights to CBET.

How Green Space Justice in urban built-up areas affects public mental health: a moderated chain mediation model.

Green and blue spaces, as crucial components of urban ecosystems, significantly impact the physical and mental health of residents. However, the mechanisms through which Green/Blue Space Justice influence residents' health remain unclear. This study aims to explore the impact of green spaces on public psychological responses, physical activity, and mental health from a justice perspective, and to examine the moderating role of blue spaces in this relationship. The research was conducted in selected communities within the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration in Hunan Province, China. A total of 801 valid questionnaires were collected through field visits and online surveys. The study uses an improved Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method to assess green space accessibility. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and moderation effect analysis to reveal the relationships between variables. The findings indicate that Green Space Justice has a significant positive impact on psychological responses, physical activity, and mental health; psychological responses and physical activity play crucial mediating roles between Green Space Justice and mental health; and Green Space Justice significantly affects mental health through a chain mediation path involving psychological responses and physical activity. Moreover, Blue Space Justice significantly moderates the impact of Green Space Justice on psychological responses and physical activity, but does not have a significant direct impact on mental health. This study enriches the theory of Green Space Justice by revealing the mechanisms through which it influences mental health via psychological responses and physical activity. It provides a scientific basis for the development of healthy cities. Additionally, it recommends that urban planning should prioritize the equitable distribution and high accessibility of both green and blue spaces to comprehensively enhance residents' physical and mental well-being. Policymakers should consider prioritizing the accessibility of high-quality green spaces for vulnerable communities during urban renewal and expansion processes to reduce social health inequalities and promote broader public health outcomes.

The relationship among the innovation environment, transactive memory system of the R&amp;D team, and knowledge collaboration

The innovation environment is the basis for the operation of the innovation ecosystem. In an era where knowledge resources are increasingly recognized as core assets, the advent of transactive memory system (TMS) has significantly enhanced the knowledge collaboration among R&amp;D (Research &amp; Development) teams, thereby boosting their innovation performance. Based on the empirical analysis of 235 valid questionnaires, this paper explores the relationship among the innovation environment, R&amp;D Team's TMS, and knowledge collaboration. The results show that: (1) the Innovation environment has a direct and significant positive effect on the team's TMS and knowledge collaboration; (2) Team's TMS has some direct and significant positive effects and mediating effects on Knowledge Collaboration, and the Coordination of team's TMS has no significant effect on the Knowledge Integration process of Knowledge Collaboration; (3) The innovation environment can indirectly affect the knowledge collaboration process through the Specialization and Credibility of the TMS. This study further enriches the relevant research in the field of knowledge management and provides theoretical support and countermeasures for enterprises to promote innovation and development by optimizing knowledge management.

Investigating the Behavioral Intention of Smart Home Systems among Older People in Linyi City

Background: With an aging population and the continuous advancement of smart technology, the Chinese government is exploring smart elderly care models to address the challenges posed by aging. Although smart home systems are viewed as a promising solution, their adoption rate among older people remains low. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the behavioral intention to use smart home systems among older people in Linyi City, Shandong Province, China. Methods: A literature review revealed a lack of quantitative research on older people’s behavioral intention toward smart home systems based on the Innovation Diffusion Theory. This study developed an extended model based on the Innovation Diffusion Theory, Technology Acceptance Model, and external variables, incorporating eight variables: intergenerational technical support, perceived cost, self-reported health conditions, compatibility, observability, trialability, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention. Results: Analysis of 387 valid questionnaires showed that compatibility and trialability significantly and positively affect perceived ease of use, while self-reported health conditions, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness have significant effects on behavioral intention. In addition, perceived cost had a negative influence on behavioral intention. Contributions/Significance: These findings highlight the importance of considering these factors in the design of smart home systems to improve user experience and provide valuable practical guidance to smart home system developers, R&amp;D institutions, and policymakers.

Women's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cervical precancerous lesions: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China.

This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of women in Beijing regarding cervical precancerous lesions. This web-based, cross-sectional study included women at Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine between March 13, 2024 and April 9, 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to collect participants' demographic information and KAP scores toward cervical precancerous lesions. The study included 951 valid questionnaires, with a mean age of 40.0 years. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 12.55 ± 6.23 (possible range: 0-26), 50.66 ± 7.48 (possible range: 13-65), and 26.13 ± 4.98 (possible range: 7-35), respectively. The knowledge score (OR = 1.071, 95%CI: 1.040-1.103, p < 0.001), currently married (OR = 0.548, 95%CI: 0.304-0.985, p = 0.045), and with a history of HPV infection (OR = 2.302, 95%CI: 1.062-4.990, p = 0.035) were independently associated with the attitude score. The knowledge score (OR = 1.155, 95%CI: 1.119-1.192, p < 0.001), monthly income >20,000 (OR = 2.793, 95%CI: 1.249-6.248, p = 0.012), a history of HPV infection (OR = 0.380, 95%CI: 0.222-0.650, p < 0.001), unknown HPV infection status (OR = 0.289, OR = 0.177-0.473, p < 0.001), vaccinated against HPV (OR = 1.752, 95%CI: 1.221-2.514, p = 0.002), giving birth to one child (OR = 1.991, 95%CI: 1.186-3.341, p = 0.009), and giving birth to two or more children (OR = 2.160, 95%CI: 1.240-3.763, p = 0.007) were independently associated with the practice score. The structured equation model showed that knowledge directly influenced attitude (β = 0.237, p = 0.004) and practice (β = 0.490, p = 0.010). Attitude directly influenced practice (β = 0.193, p = 0.009). This study revealed inadequate knowledge, moderate attitude, and practice toward cervical precancerous lesions among women in Beijing. Educational interventions should be developed to enhance knowledge in this regard.

Construct validity of the hand10 questionnaire in patients with hand osteoarthritis

BackgroundThe Hand10 questionnaire is a short, easy-to-understand, visual questionnaire developed for the functional assessment of upper extremity disorders. It consists of visuals of each item as well as facial expressions that reflect the degree of difficulty during the function. It has been stated that the Hand10 questionnaire is suitable for application in the elderly population due to its stated features. ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the validity of the Hand10 questionnaire in hand osteoarthritis, the prevalence of which increases with age. MethodsPatients filled the Hand10, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), and Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index (AUSCAN) questionnaires, once. Validity of Hand10 was determined with DASH and AUSCAN questionnaires using Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis. ResultsSixty patients were enrolled in the study. The Hand10 score of the patients was 45.15±25.81; DASH score was 76.31±26.37, and AUSCAN score was 32.75±15.58. The analysis revealed that Hand10 scores showed a positive correlation with DASH scores at a “very good” level (r=0.71; p<0.001; 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.55, 0.82]) and AUSCAN scores at an ”excellent” level (r=0.76; p<0.001; 95% CI [0.63, 0.85]). ConclusionThe Hand10 questionnaire is a valid tool in patients with hand OA. This questionnaire, which consists of ten items and includes pictures that have a positive effect on repeatability, is very practical in evaluating hand function in upper extremity disorders, especially in older age individuals.

Validation of the Sinhala version of the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC)

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neuro developmental disorder which has a trend in its increasing prevalence globally. Measuring the outcome of intervention will have a great value for parents and clinicians. At present, there are no tools validated in the Sri Lankan setting to assess treatment outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) is a self-administered questionnaire in Sinhala for parents/caregivers that is a feasible method of evaluating outcome in a busy clinic.Aims: This study was conducted to translate and culturally adapt the ATEC to the Sinhala language and to establish the validity and reliability of the translation to the local setting.Methods: Permission was sought from the developers of the ATEC questionnaire and ethical approval was obtained for the study. Study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, ATEC was translated using the translation-back translation method. An expert panel produced a pre-final questionnaire which was pre-tested prior to formulating the final Sinhala version of ATEC. The second stage of the study was conducted to establish validity and reliability of Sinhala ATEC questionnaire in the Sri Lankan popu-lation. Content validity was assured in each step of the translation by the expert committee. Construct validity of the Sinhala ATEC questionnaire was assessed by comparing the sample of 119 parent/caregiver filled final version of the Sinhala ATEC score against the Consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist assessment of the same children conducted independently and recorded according to DSM-5 (level 1, 2 or 3). Test-retest reliability was determined by the same parent/caregiver filling the Sinhala ATEC one week later, in a sample of 14 children. Intra-rater reliability was taken by com-paring 18 pairs of parents/caregivers Sinhala ATEC scores for the same child.Results: Sinhala ATEC showed high validity and reliability. Its concurrent validity has a strong positive Pearson correlation of 0.856 with the Consultant Psychiatrist assessment. Correlation was higher in total score and as well as in subscale II- Sociability score of the Sinhala ATEC. Internal consistency was revealed by Cronbach’s alpha 0.778. Cut off points to distinguish mild autism spectrum disorder from the rest taken as “48 or less” with sensitivity 82%, specificity 94% and area under the curve 0.968. Cut off to separate severe autism spectrum disorder from the rest were taken as “76 or more” with sensitivity 84%, specificity 90%and area under the curve 0.971. Reliability tests, intra class correlation was 0.98 and 0.96 for test-retest and intra rater reliability showed high reliability of Sinhala ATEC. For developing burnout in this study population.Conclusions: Translated version of Sinhala ATEC is suitable for the use in the Sri Lankan population as it shows high validity and reliability. However, further studies are recommended in other areas of the country to assess its usefulness across diverse subcultures and clinical settings.