The Involvement, Flow Experience, and Happiness at the 2022 National Chung-Cheng Cup Hockey Tournament

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between hockey participants’ involvement, flow experience, and happiness. This study used a questionnaire method to collect data. A total of 300 questionnaires were administered to hockey participants from 2022/12/06 to 2022/12/11 at the National Chushan Senior High School hockey field using a convenience sampling method. After deducting the 12 questionnaires with incomplete answers, the total number of valid questionnaires was 288, with a validity rate of 96.0%. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 for descriptive statistics to understand the distribution of sample attributes. Smart PLS 3 was used to analyze the convergent validity, discriminant validity, goodness of fit, and hypothesis validation of the hockey participants’ involvement, flow experience, and happiness models. The results suggest that the 2022 National Chung-Cheng Cup Hockey Tournament participants’ involvement, flow experience, and happiness models had good convergent validity, discriminant validity, and goodness of fit. The involvement of hockey participants in the sport significantly influenced the flow experience (path coefficient of 0.818*). The flow experience had moderate to high explanatory power (R2 = 0.669). The involvement of hockey participants in the sport significantly affected happiness (path coefficient 0.215*), flow experience significantly affected happiness (path coefficient of 0.294*), and happiness had a moderate to high explanatory power (R2 = 0.236). We propose specific recommendations for hockey promotion organizations and future studies based on this study's results.