French Validation Research Articles

Stress-symptoms and well-being in children and adolescents: factor structure, measurement invariance, and validity of English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian language versions of the SSKJ scales

ABSTRACT Objective The present cross-cultural study examined the factor structure, measurement invariance, and convergent validity of the Stress-Symptom and Well-Being Scales from the Stress and Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SSKJ), originally in German, across gender and for five newly developed language versions: English, French, Russian, Spanish, and Ukrainian. Design Children and adolescents (N = 5,227) from Germany, France, Russia, the Dominican Republic, Ukraine, and several English-speaking countries participated in the survey study. Main outcome measures The SSKJ Stress-Symptom and Well-Being Scales capture stress symptomatology and well-being with five subscales: Somatic Symptoms, Anger, Sadness, Anxiety, and Well-Being. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used for validation. Results The factorial structure (five factors) was confirmed. In multi-group comparisons, confirmatory factor analyses showed partial metric invariance across the different languages. Regarding gender, results showed scalar invariance for all languages, except for Spanish. Gender differences were shown with girls scoring higher on somatic symptoms, sadness, anxiety (German-, French-, Russian-speaking samples), anger (French), and well-being (German, Ukrainian). Correlations with indicators of mental health and behavioral problems demonstrated convergent validity. Conclusion The SSKJ Stress-Symptom and Well-Being Scales showed psychometric evidence for equivalence across the different languages and gender. Thus, this instrument is a useful tool for cross-cultural research in children and adolescents.

French Validation of the Pornography Consumption Inventory (FR-PCI)

Online pornography use is a common sexual practice and it is relevant to understand the motivations underlying its consumption to better identify the causes of its problematic use. The purpose of this study was to translate the Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI) into French and to validate the version thus obtained (FR-PCI), on a large heterogeneous sample. The PCI was first submitted to a rigorous four-step back-translation procedure for cross-cultural research performed by six different bilingual individuals (French and English). Then, 651 French-Canadian online pornography users aged 16 to 69 from varied genders, sexual orientations and occupations, completed an online questionnaire on sexual behaviors, including the FR-PCI. Results from factorial analysis indicate a three-factor structure explaining 64.6% of the total variance. Results also reveal good internal consistency for the FR-PCI total score (α = 0.85), and subscales: Emotional Avoidance (α = 0.86), Sexual Curiosity (α = 0.86), and Sexual Pleasure (α = 0.81). Scores produced by the FR-PCI were able to discriminate high-frequency pornography users from low-frequency pornography users, indicating good discriminant validity. Results also confirm the expected theoretical associations between the concepts measured by the FR-PCI and the Short Internet sex Addiction Test , indicating good convergence validity. Results support the psychometric qualities of the FR-PCI and it's use to assess motives for pornography consumption in French-speaking individuals. La consommation de pornographie en ligne est courante et il est pertinent de comprendre les motivations qui sous-tendent cette pratique afin de mieux cerner les causes de son usage problématique. Le but de cette étude était de procéder à la traduction française du Pornography Consumption Inventory (PCI) et de valider la version ainsi obtenue (FR-PCI), sur un large échantillon hétérogène. Le PCI a d’abord été soumis à une procédure rigoureuse de rétrotraduction en quatre étapes, effectuée par six individus bilingues différents (français et anglais). Ensuite, 651 canadiens-français consommateurs de pornographie en ligne âgés de 16 à 69 ans, de genres, d’orientations sexuelles et de professions variées ont répondu à un questionnaire en ligne sur les habitudes sexuelles qui incluait le FR-PCI. Les résultats de l’analyse factorielle indiquent une structure à trois facteurs expliquant 64,6 % de la variance totale. Les résultats révèlent également une bonne cohérence interne pour le score total FR-PCI (α = 0,85) et les sous-échelles : Évitement émotionnel (α = 0,86), Curiosité sexuelle (α = 0,86) et Plaisir sexuel (α = 0,81). Les scores du FR-PCI ont permis de distinguer les utilisateurs de pornographie présentant une fréquence de consommation élevée, de ceux présentant une fréquence de consommation faible, indiquant ainsi une bonne validité discriminante. Les résultats confirment également les associations théoriques attendues entre les concepts mesurés par le FR-PCI et le Short Internet Sex Addiction Test , indiquant une bonne validité de convergence. Les résultats confirment les qualités psychométriques du FR-PCI et appui son utilisation auprès des personnes francophones utilisatrice de pornographie en ligne.

“Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale”: French validation and development of a brief version

The “Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale” (GPTS) has become a popular measure in paranoia research. The GPTS assesses paranoid ideation based on ideas of reference and persecution. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we examined the characteristics of the French-translated GPTS. More specifically, we investigated the psychometric and structural properties of the GPTS in its original, 32-item version and its revised, 18-item version. Second, we developed a briefer, 8-item version of the scale (GPTS-8). We relied on a nonclinical sample of 503 individuals. We relied on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) bifactor analysis, Mokken scaling, and the DETECT multidimensionality index. Two-factor CFA models exhibited a satisfactory fit with all versions of the GPTS. Between-factor correlations, however, were very large. ESEM bifactor analysis suggested that all versions of the GPTS were essentially unidimensional. The GPTS-8 demonstrated strong reliability and high factorial validity. Although the DETECT index suggested that some degree of multidimensionality could not be excluded, Mokken scaling confirmed that the GPTS-8 can be considered unidimensional in practice. This study supports the use of the GPTS as a measure of paranoid ideation in French-speaking populations. The GPTS-8 may be preferred to reduce respondent burden.

French Validation of the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Relationship with Alcohol Dependence and Drinking Behavior

Abstract Aim To validate a French translation of the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) that measures craving in patients with alcohol dependence. Method All patients aged > 18 years who were hospitalized for alcohol detoxification from February to May 2019 in the alcohol unit of the Rennes university hospital were eligible. A back-translated version of the AUQ was completed at admission. Patients were interviewed at the end of the 7-day detoxification program by a trained addiction psychiatrist (MS), using tablet computed-based questionnaires assessing state craving (visual analog scale), alcohol dependence severity, drinking behavior, psychological distress and physical/mental health. The same investigator assessed relapse 1 month after discharge. Results A total of 80 inpatients were recruited and completed questionnaires. The single factor structure of the French version of the AUQ was similar to the original questionnaire, and was supported by strong internal reliability and item-scale validity. The AUQ score correlated highly acute craving measure, but moderately scales assessing the severity of alcohol dependence, drinking behavior and mental health. Relapse 1 month after discharge was significantly related to AUQ score assessed either at baseline, or with better estimate at the end of the 7-day detoxification period. Conclusion The French version of the AUQ provides a reliable measure of phasic craving, which is best described as a context-dependent single-factor variable, related to but distinct from tonic craving, dependence severity and drinking behavior. The ease of administration makes the AUQ a useful tool for French-speaking patients with alcohol dependence.

French validation of the addiction-like eating behavior scale and its clinical implication.

The first conception of food addiction (FA) as substance addiction, measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), is controversial. Some proposed that FA would be better conceptualized with a behavioral approach. In accordance with this conceptualization, Ruddock and colleagues published a new self-reported scale for food addiction, the Addiction-like Eating Behavior Scale (AEBS). Overall, preliminary validation of the scale demonstrated good psychometric properties with a community sample. The aim of the present study is twofold, to validate the French-Canadian version of the AEBS with a community sample and to examine how well the instrument fits into a clinical sample with overweight/obesity. A community sample (N = 466) and a clinical sample with overweight/obesity seeking help for their eating difficulties (N = 126) completed an online survey regarding FA, binge eating, dietary restraint, depression, and BMI. Factor analysis, internal consistency, and construct validity were assessed. With the community sample, factorial structure, and psychometric properties of the AEBS were replicated. With the clinical sample, proper convergent validity was demonstrated with the YFAS 2.0 and binge eating, and proper divergent validity was demonstrated with dietary restraint. Among the clinical sample, AEBS explain similar variance of BMI and depression level when compared to YFAS 2.0. This study provided evidence that the French-Canadian version of the AEBS is a valid measure of food addiction, but it did not permit to establish advantages over YFAS 2.0 with a clinical sample. Clinical implications of the AEBS and FA characteristic are discussed. Level V, cross-sectional, descriptive study.

French validation of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis.

Cognitive impairment is important to consider in the assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. A short battery of cognitive assessment, the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS), has been developed to address the need for rapid assessment by combining 3 tests assessing the main cognitive spheres reached in MS. To establish regression-based norms of the BICAMS in French speaking healthy subjects (HS) and validate its use in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). In all, 123 PwMS including 40 with relapsing-remitting MS, 41 patients with secondary progressive MS and 42 with primary progressive MS and 276 HS were evaluated by the BICAMS including 3 tests, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the French Verbal learning test (FVLT) a French-adapted memory test, (or the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) at retesting) and the Brief Visuo-Spatial Memory Test (BVMT-R). The standards for these tests were established in the healthy population using a multiple regression technique. Validity in MS was measured. Regression-based norms of BICAMS tests have been established in the HS population. 50.4% of PwMS have impairment for at least one BICAMS test (-1.5SD on the Z-score). The most common pathological test was the FVLT altered in 36.6% of patients, followed by the SDMT and the BVMT-R. The re-test reliability was good for the various BICAMS tests, 0.891 for SDMT, 0.781 for FVLT/CVLT and 0.669 for BVMT-R. This study establishes the validity of the BICAMS as a short and easy to apply battery for a brief assessment of the speed of information processing and episodic memory in MS.

Oro-facial motor assessment: validation of the MBLF protocol in facial palsy.

Oro-facial myofunctional praxis assesses the muscular coordination and the degree of motor impairment of the lingual, mandibular and facial muscles necessary for articulation, mimicry and swallowing. The objective of this study was to create and validate the MBLF protocol, a French oro-facial myofunctional assessment in order to quantify patient's impairment and to specify the motor and functional deficit for an adapted management. The MBLF was validated against the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (criterion validity). The construct validity was tested by comparing healthy subjects (n = 102) from patients with facial palsy (n = 60). Internal and external consistency of face symmetry were reported. Normative data was provided. There was a statistically significant correlation between the MBLF protocol and the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System [F(59) = 310.51, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.843]. Significant differences were observed in Student's t test between healthy volunteers and patients with facial palsy [t(74.13) = 14,704, p < 0.001, r = 0.863]. A significant effect of the severity grades of facial palsy on the MBLF_TOTAL scores was found [F(158) = 268.469, p < 0.001]. The more severe the facial palsy, the lower the motor scores were. This MBLF French validation provides a baseline for comparing and quantifying the performance of subjects. The MBLF protocol is valid for assessing facial symmetry in peripheral facial palsy. A prospective study is needed to validate its role in dynamic evaluation of facial palsy.

Should we use the Parental Stress Index—Short Form in parents of children with ASD? A French validation study

BackgroundParents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit higher levels of parental stress than parents of typically developing children. The most frequently used tools to assess parental stress is the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) or its Short Form (PSI-SF). AimsThis study was designed to test the validity of the PSI-SF in French parents of children with ASD (N = 370). Methods and proceduresFirst, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the initial 3-factor structure (36 items) which indicate a poor model fit. Then, an exploratory factor analysis was performed and convergent validity was assessed. Outcomes and resultsA 3-factor structure (21 items) explaining 44 % of the variance was observed. Dimensions were moderately correlated and exhibited good internal consistency. Convergent validity was checked through the PSI-SF association with anxiety and depression (HADS), quality of life (WHOQOL-Brief) and appraisal of being a parent of a child with ASD (ALES). Conclusions and implicationsFuture research should use the full version of the PSI-SF and examine its factor structure. More studies on the factor structure of the PSI-SF are needed to find out if it is a suitable tool for measuring stress in parents of children with ASD in France.

The “Ankle Instability Instrument”: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation in French

BackgroundFunctional ankle instability affects 20–40% of individuals who have already suffered from a sprain. Such dysfunctions are difficult to diagnose. Therefore, the information provided by self-administered questionnaires is essential. Thus, the Ankle Instability Instrument (AII) was developed and initially validated in English. Our goal is to create a French version of the instrument, named AII-F, by scrupulously respecting the cultural adaptation phases and to make sure the new instrument has good psychometric properties. MethodsInternational recommendations have been rigorously followed for the cultural adaptation and the French-translation phase. Six steps are recommended: I) two initial translations from English to French; II) synthesis of the two versions; III) back-translations from French to English; IV) comparisons between the back-translations and the original questionnaire by the expert committee; V) pretest; and VI) approval of the final French version of the AII. In order to validate this French-translation, 91 subjects suffering from ankle instability matched to 91 healthy subjects were asked to complete the AII-F. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used as a comparative questionnaire as well as the French Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT-F). The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated by determining the test-retest reliability after a 10–14-day interval, the internal consistency, construct validity, and the floor/ceiling effects. ResultsThe French-translation did not pose a problem and could be validated by the expert committee. The AII-F showed a very good test-retest reliability for the total score, with an Intra Class Coefficient of 0.983. The internal coherence is high with an alpha coefficient of Cronbach of 0.861. The association of the AII-F with the CAIT-F was high, for the summary of the physical component of the SF-36, meaning a great convergent validity. The other subscales of the SF-36 (mental health) were weakly correlated with the AII-F, reflecting good divergent validity. An optimal cut-off score was obtained to dissociate pathological patients from healthy subjects: when the subject responded to “yes” 5 times or more, he is considered, with a very high degree of confidence, to be pathological. ConclusionThe AII-F is reliable and valid for evaluating and measuring functional ankle instability.

Validation of the French version of the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale.

Self-criticism and self-reassurance are internal processes of self-to-self relating that have received increasing attention in psychology. The Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS), which was first studied by Gilbert, Clarke, Hempel, Miles, and Irons, is a self-report instrument that has been used in various populations and has shown satisfactory reliability. The goal of this work is to explore the psychometric properties of a French version of the scale in a large nonclinical sample. Data from 285 nonclinical participants were analysed. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable to good fit of the FSCRS items to a three-factor model. Good internal consistency and convergent validity were found. The French validation results corroborate previous findings in a nonclinical population and confirm that the French version of the FSCRS is a robust and reliable instrument.

Rhinoplasty: French validation of the MiRa scale

AimsThe aim of this study was to translate the MiRa scale into French and validate its use for French-speaking surgeons. Material and methodsISPOR and WHO recommendations were used to carry out the translation process from English to French in five steps. The MiRa scale is a validated analysis scale of nasal dysmorphoses. Few tools are available in French for French-speaking surgeons. ISPOR and WHO recommendations were used to complete the five-step translation process from English into French. To assess the reliability of the MiRa scale–French version, we statistically compared intra-observer repeatability (comparison of scores obtained when one observer assessed each patient twice at a one-month interval) and inter-observer repeatability (comparison of scores obtained when 2 observers assessed the same patient) using the Wilcoxon test and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (α=5%). ObjectivesOur goal was to obtain a translation of the idea or concept rather than a literal translation to enable good intra- and inter-observer repeatability. ResultsEach step allowed us to make changes gradually working towards a conceptual translation equivalent to the original version. ConclusionThe MiRa scale is the only aesthetic analysis scale validated in the literature for nasal dysmorphoses. The combined use of two sets of translation recommendations, with a five-step translation-back-translation process, made it possible to obtain a French version perfectly in line with the original. This version is usable by French-speakers.

French validation of a measurement scale of life skills for children

Abstract Background According to WHO (2003), ‘Life skills’ are defined as psychosocial abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. They are loosely grouped into three broad categories: cognitive for analyzing and using information, personal for developing personal agency and managing oneself, and inter-personal skills for communicating and interacting effectively with others. Skills-based health education is an approach to creating or maintaining healthy lifestyles and conditions through the development of knowledge, attitudes, and especially skills, using a variety of learning experiences, with an emphasis on participatory methods. Our aim was to develop an integrated measure of the life skills grouped into three broad categories of skills for children who are at least 9 years old. The present communication is focused on the validation in a French validation of a tool measuring social competencies in children - Weiss et al. (2014) - which represents one of the three categories of psychosocial competencies (emotional and cognitive competencies). Methods Data were collected three times during year 2017-2018: 614 questionnaire (T1), 564 (T2), 331 (T3) - 311 children filled the questionnaire three times. Three types of analyses were conducted in order to assess the validity and reliability of social competence (SPSS version 23 et AMOS version 21): Validity of construct, concurrent validity and reliability. Results The results show a high reliability and a good validity of construct and concurrent, thus indicating satisfactory psychomotor qualities. Conclusions This compendium will also assess the validity and reliability of this scale with the data collected at the other two measurement times and study the predictive validity of the scale. The same process will be applied to the cognitive skills measurement scale for validation. Acknowledgment: CPS team and schools and pupils involved.

French validation of the sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) in young children (aged 6 months to 4 years)

The sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) has been translated and adapted into several languages and its psychometric properties are good. Notably, a French version has been validated for 4- to 16-year olds. The objective of the current study was therefore to adapt and validate the SDSC for French young children (aged 6 months to 4 years). Method421 French-speaking mothers of children aged between 6 months and 4 years completed the SDSC and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) which is specifically for young children. Of these, 105 children were diagnosed with sleep disorders (clinical group) during a sleep consultation, and 316 completed the SDSC and BISQ in a network of nurseries (control group). Several factor analyses were conducted to identify the most consistent factor structure for this sample. ResultsThree items from the previous version were deleted due to lack of clinical relevance for this age group. The best factor analysis revealed six factors, comparable to the Italian version of the SDSC for children: Disorders of Initiating Sleep, Disorders of Maintaining Sleep, Sleep Hyperhidrosis, Sleep Breathing Disorders, Parasomnias, and Non-Restorative Sleep and Excessive Somnolence. This psychometric structure is reliable and aligned with expert diagnoses. The convergent validity, and divergent and internal reliability were acceptable. ConclusionThis study validates a 22-item SDSC for French young children. Coupled with some questions from the BISQ, the SDSC could therefore be used to facilitate the detection of sleep disturbances in children aged between 6 months and 4 years old.

Validation of the French version of the Mannheim Dream Questionnaire in a French adult sample

The aim of the study was to provide a reliable French validation of the Mannheim Dream questionnaire in order to further examine demographic factors that may affect dream-related experience. The participants were 315 healthy French adult volunteers aged from 18 to 73 years. We performed a test-retest reliability study to evaluate the validity of our translation. The results obtained with the online French version of the Mannheim Dream questionnaire showed good indices of the test-retest reliability, and allowed us to have a first insight of the frequency repartition of some dream-related aspects and attitudes within a French population. The French version of the Mannheim Dream questionnaire is the first comprehensive French validated tool to investigate in large cohorts several aspects of the subjective dream experience, such as dream recall frequency, nightmares, lucid dreams, attitude toward dreams and effect of dreams on waking life.

French Adaptation of the Short Form Youth Experiences Survey for Sport and Life Skills Scale for Sport

ABSTRACTResearch on positive youth development and life skills in sport has gained considerable attention over the past decades. However, there is a lack of translated questionnaires examining youth development and life skills available to non-English researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this research project was to adapt in French two questionnaires and to accumulate validity evidence of these adaptations. The short form – Youth Experiences Survey for Sport and the Life Skills Scale for Sport were adapted using a procedure based on a transcultural validation methodology applied to psychological measures. This research comprises four studies, which led to the French adaptation and validation process of each questionnaire. In conclusion, the results obtained show that these adapted French questionnaires can now be used to evaluate the perceptions and lived experiences of French-speaking athletes regarding positive youth development and life skills in sport.

French Validation of a Severity Scale in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (SEV-TCSP)

French Validation of a Severity Scale in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (SEV-TCSP)

Construct and predictive validity of the Strength of Motivation for Medical School-Revised (SMMS-R) questionnaire: a French validation study

Motivation is a major indicator of students' learning behaviors. Therefore, researchers require consistent and valid instruments to assess students' motivation. Consequently, motivation has been an important topic in medical education research for the last decade. The present study evaluated the construct and predictive validities of the French version of the Strength of Motivation for Medical School-Revised questionnaire (SMMS-R-FR). Our sample comprised 372 students at three French-speaking medical schools, who filled in the SMMS-R-FR and the Revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire (R2-SPQ). Results confirmed the three-factor structure of the original SMMS-R questionnaire. Reliabilities were good for the Total Strength of Motivation scale, moderate for the Willingness to Sacrifice and Readiness to Start subscales, and poor (but still acceptable) for the Persistence subscale. Both Total Strength of Motivation and Readiness to Start positively predicted a deep learning approach and negatively predicted a surface learning approach, while Willingness to Sacrifice positively predicted a deep learning approach and Persistence negatively predicted a surface learning approach. Our results both support the SMMS-R- FR's suitability as a tool for measuring motivation in medical students, and suggest that it could be used to guide the development of educational interventions to strengthen motivation.

A French validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)

IntroductionA large number of studies have been devoted to the development of mindfulness questionnaires, a potential central mechanism in therapy. Although these questionnaires are well validated for adults, their accessibility to young populations are still in its infancy. ObjectiveThis study aims to validate a French version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) to foster the use of mindfulness questionnaires in clinical studies on children and adolescents, and to fix limitations of a previous French-Canadian version. MethodA total of 545 youth aged from 10 to 17 were recruited in a Belgian and a French school in order to test the validity and reliability of the CAMM. ResultsThe results indicate a one-factor structure and suggest a good internal consistency. As expected, the CAMM was positively correlated to another mindfulness questionnaire and negatively correlated to depressive symptomatology and psychological inflexibility. ConclusionOverall, the French version of the CAMM presents good psychometric qualities and seems to remain faithful to its original scale. This measure could help to assess mindfulness in young French speakers.

French validation of the questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease–Rating Scale (QUIP-RS)

IntroductionThe management of impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) relies on their early identification, allowing adjustment of antiparkinsonian treatment before these manifestations lead to major social, financial or legal consequences. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease–Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) is an English-developed and -validated PD-specific rating scale constructed to support the rating of ICDs and related disorders and the assessment of changes in symptom severity over time, but it has not to date been validated in French. MethodsWe conducted an observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study among a subset of patients (n = 280) from the Drug Interacting with Genes in PD (DIG-PD) cohort, aiming to assess psychometric properties of the French version of QUIP-RS: acceptability, internal consistency, factor analysis, reproductibility and hypotheses testing. In addition to this scale, the following measures were applied: MDS-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Behavior, and Ardouin Scale of Behavior in Parkinson's Disease (ASBPD). ResultsCronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.72 and ranged from 0.25 to 0.55. Regarding test–retest reliability and inter-rater reliability, the Lin concordance coefficient for items was higher than 0.58. The correlations between QUIP-RS and ASBPD were moderate to high except for dopaminergic addiction and hobbyism (r = 0.41 and 0.40 respectively, p < 0.001). No clinically significant correlation was found between QUIP-RS total score (and items) and other scales. ConclusionThe French version of the QUIP-RS appears to be a valid, reliable, and precise instrument for the assessment of ICDs and related disorders in PD. Registration numberclinicaltrials.gov number NCT01564992.

French Validation of the Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale (FVCAAS)

The aim of this study was to propose a French Validation of the Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale (FVCAAS). The instrument was developed from the original version, which is composed of two subscales (six items by subscales) assessing aggressiveness and anger in competitive athletes (CAAS, Maxwell & Moores, 2007). Four studies have been conducted with 1428 competitors. In the first study, the exploratory factor analysis extracted the two-factor structure from the original version, both with good internal consistency. The second study confirmed that the two-factor structure of the instrument was consistent with the original version and showed its partial invariance across genders. The third study demonstrated the temporal stability of the FVCAAS. In the fourth study, both concurrent and discriminant validities were confirmed, supporting the validity and reliability of the FVCAAS. The contributions of this study and limitations are discussed, together with perspectives for future studies of aggressiveness in competitive sports.