Vaccination Centers Research Articles

Expectations and Prior Experiences Associated With Adverse Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination

Uptake of vaccination against COVID-19 is strongly affected by concerns about adverse effects. Research on nocebo effects suggests that these concerns can amplify symptom burden. To investigate whether positive and negative expectations prior to COVID-19 vaccination are associated with systemic adverse effects. This prospective cohort study analyzed the association of expected benefits and risks of vaccination, adverse effects at first vaccination, and observed adverse effects in close contacts with severity of systemic adverse effects among adults receiving a second dose of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines between August 16 and 28, 2021. A total of 7771 individuals receiving the second dose at a state vaccination center in Hamburg, Germany, were invited to participate; of these, 5370 did not respond, 535 provided incomplete information, and 188 were excluded retrospectively. The mobile application m-Path was used for data collection. Primary outcome was a composite severity index of systemic adverse effects in 12 symptom areas measured once daily with an electronic symptom diary over 7 consecutive days. Data were analyzed by mixed-effects multivariable ordered logistic regression adjusted for prevaccine symptom levels and observation times. A total of 10 447 observations from 1678 individuals receiving vaccinations (BNT162b2 [Pfizer BioNTech] in 1297 [77.3%] and mRNA-1273 [Moderna] in 381 [22.7%]) were collected. The participants' median age was 34 (IQR, 27-44) years, and 862 (51.4%) were women. The risk for more severe adverse effects was higher for persons expecting a lower benefit of vaccination (odds ratio [OR] for higher expectations, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.63-0.83]; P < .001), expecting higher adverse effects of vaccination (OR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.23-1.58]; P < .001), having experienced higher symptom burden at the first vaccination (OR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.42-1.82]; P < .001), scoring higher on the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.06-1.38]; P = .004), and if the vaccine mRNA-1273 was given rather than BNT162b2 (OR, 2.45 [95% CI, 2.01-2.99]; P < .001). No associations were seen for observed experiences. In this cohort study, several nocebo effects occurred in the first week after COVID-19 vaccination. The severity of systemic adverse effects was associated not only with vaccine-specific reactogenicity but also more negative prior experiences with adverse effects from the first COVID-19 vaccination, more negative expectations regarding vaccination, and tendency to catastrophize instead of normalize benign bodily sensations. Clinician-patient interactions and public vaccine campaigns may both benefit from these insights by optimizing and contextualizing information provided about COVID-19 vaccines.

Performance in Covid-19 Vaccination in The First Half Year: A Review and Analysis of Decentralized and Centralized Vaccination Organizations

Western industrialized countries had similar vaccination policies in the COVID-19 pandemic but different vaccination organizations. Analyzing their performance in terms of publicly available vaccination rates revealed that decentralized as in the United States and centralized systems as in the United Kingdom had comparable start peak performance on international level and showed no significant differences in performance on a subnational level in Germany. In comparing peak performance, a mixture of both systems showed a 0.95% higher protection rate which would have resulted in estimated 17’995 less infections, 251 less Covid-19 related death and US$ 4.3 million less hospitalization costs in the United States. A mixture of centralized vaccination organization such as vaccination centers and decentralized vaccination through regional doctor practices deliver best results in the first phase of pandemic outbreaks given the first half year experience in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Assessments of Citizen’s Awareness of Campaigns on covid-19 vaccine and Response to Covid-19 Vaccination in Akwa Ibom State

The study was an assessment of citizens’ awareness of campaigns and responses to covid-19 vaccine in Akwa Ibom state. The research objectives that guided this study were to find out the level of COVID-19 vaccine campaign awareness by residents of the Uyo metropolis, to ascertain the level of response to the COVID-19 vaccine among residents of the Uyo Metropolis, to find out factors responsible for the continuous hesitancy among those who are yet to receive COVID-19 vaccine among Uyo Residents. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey-based research method. The population size for this study constituted Uyo residents and the current population of Uyo stood at 1,329,000, of which the sample size of three hundred and eighty-four (384) was determined using the Krejci and Morgan sample size determinant table, and the purposive sampling technique was used to select participants who participated in the survey. Three hundred and thirty-four (384) copies of the questionnaire were used for data collection. The health belief model and theory of planned behaviour formed the theoretical framework for the study. Findings from the study showed that the majority of Uyo residents were highly aware of the awareness campaign on covid-19 vaccine (212 respondents representing (61%)), the study also showed high level of responses to covid-19 vaccination in the Uyo metropolis, (233) representing (39%)) of the respondents, the study also revealed factors responsible for continuous hesitancy among those who have not been vaccinated to include: fear of adverse effect following immunization, no proper vaccine protocol awareness, no proper sensitization, and no reason, etc. Following the findings, the study recommended that the government of Akwa Ibom State should through relevant agencies and the mass media, intensify the campaign with a particular focus on how and where to get the first and follow-doses of the vaccine in the state, the government should also open more vaccination centers to reduce waiting time and ease of access, all campaign contents should reinforce the safety of the Vaccine irrespective of the brand.

Setting up the Largest Mass Vaccination Center in Europe: The One-Physician One-Nurse Protocol

To manage mass vaccination without impacting medical resources dedicated to care, we proposed a new model of Mass Vaccination Centers (MVC) functioning with minimum attending staffing requirements. The MVC was under the supervision of one medical coordinator, one nurse coordinator, and one operational coordinator. Students provided much of the other clinical support. Healthcare students were involved in medical and pharmaceutical tasks, while non-health students performed administrative and logistical tasks. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study to describe data concerning the vaccinated population within the MVC and the number and type of vaccines used. A patient satisfaction questionnaire was collected to determine patient perception of the vaccination experience. From 28 March to 20 October 2021, 501,714 vaccines were administered at the MVC. A mean rate of 2951 ± 1804 doses were injected per day with a staff of 180 ± 95 persons working every day. At peak, 10,095 injections were given in one day. The average time spent in the MVC was 43.2 ± 15 min (time measured between entry and exit of the structure). The average time to be vaccinated was 26 ± 13 min. In total, 4712 patients (1%) responded to the satisfaction survey. The overall satisfaction with the organization of the vaccination was 10 (9-10) out of 10. By using one attending physician and one nurse to supervise a staff of trained students, the MVC of Toulouse optimized staffing to be among the most efficient vaccination centers in Europe.

Single-centre descriptive study of adverse events reported after anti-COVID vaccination

Introduction: In Italy, approximately 80.5% of the population has completed the primary anti-COVID vaccination cycle with approximately 141 million doses administered. With the introduction of new measures to counter the spread of COVID-19, including compulsory vaccination for certain categories of people, the population expressed fears about the safety and adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Several factors, such as gender and age, could have influenced the outcomes associated with the vaccine. Our single-centre work seeks to provide such evidence with respect to Pfizer/BioNTech’s BNT162b2 (Comirnaty) and AstraZeneca’s AZD1222 (Vaxzevria) vaccines. Materials and Methods: Single-centre descriptive study carried out on a sample of subjects who underwent anti-COVID vaccination at the ‘San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona’ AOU vaccination centre in Salerno. Patients who reported a suspected adverse reaction after receiving a dose of vaccine were included in the study. The regional vaccine platform SORESA and the VigiFarmaco portal were used to collect the data. Results: During the period covered by the study, 126,928 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were administered. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine group comprised 124,138 administrations. The AstraZeneca vaccine group consisted of 2,790 administrations. 287 post-vaccination adverse reaction reports entered in the National Pharmacovigilance Network were considered. In most of the reactions reported, for both vaccines considered, the symptomatology was attributable to local reactions at the injection site. At the systemic level, however, we noted the prevalence of non-specific events such as fever, headache and diffuse arthromyalgia. Conclusions: Based on our results and comparison with the literature, the data collected on the vaccines considered in the study suggest a favourable safety profile for their large-scale use. The rate of minor adverse events turned out to be low, with similarly reassuring data compared to serious adverse events, such as not to justify hesitation towards vaccination for COVID-19 disease control.

Effect of religious fatalism and concern about new variants on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.

To protect public health, it is important that the population be vaccinated against COVID-19; however, certain factors can affect vaccine acceptance. The objective of this study was to determine whether religious fatalism and concern about new variants have a significant effect on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. An explanatory study was conducted with 403 adults of legal age captured through non-probabilistic convenience sampling in vaccination centers in the 13 health networks of the Regional Health Directorate of Puno, Peru. Data were collected through a brief scale of religious fatalism, a scale of acceptance of vaccines against COVID-19 and a scale of concern about a new variant of COVID-19. The proposed model obtained an adequate fit. There was a negative effect of religious fatalism on vaccine acceptance, a positive effect of fatalism on vaccine rejection, a positive effect of concern about new variants on the acceptance of vaccines, and a positive effect of concern about new variants on vaccine rejection. These findings provide evidence for the usefulness of considering both religious fatalism and concern about new variants affect the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in adults in southern Peru.

Adverse events following COVID-19 immunisation (AEFI) at a COVID-19 vaccination centre: An observational analytical study.

The aim of this study was to determine the adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) in various age groups after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and assess the association of comorbidities with AEFI. An observational analytical study was conducted among the general population who had received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 389 participants from the 18-44 years age group, 380 participants from the 45-60 years age group and 373 participants from the 60 plus age group were enrolled in the study after verbal and written consent. Simple random sampling was used to select the study participant in each group. Home visits were made to fill out the semi-structured questionnaire for information regarding any adverse event following COVID-19 immunisation. Overall, 31.9%, 19.74% and 15.17% of >60, 45-60 and 18-44 years, respectively, reported any AEFI after COVID-19 immunisation. The severity of AEFI was more among the 18-44 years age group (66.1%) followed by 45-60 years (30.67%) and less among the older one, that is, >60 years. Fever and pain with inflammation at the injection site were the most common AEFI reported after any dose. There was no association of comorbidity with the severity of AEFI. Since the AEFI reported are very less, most of them were of a minor type and were general immunogenic reactions of any vaccine. Hence the COVID-19 vaccines are very safe, and uptake should be high among all the recommended age groups to combat the severity of the COVID-19 disease.

Investigating the Relationship between Mental Workload and Job Burnout of Health Care Workers in Health Centers and Collective Corona Vaccination Centers

Investigating the Relationship between Mental Workload and Job Burnout of Health Care Workers in Health Centers and Collective Corona Vaccination Centers

Rotavirus infection in children: clinical and etiological structure and analysis of vaccine prophylaxis

Among all hospitalizations of children with acute enteral infection (AEI), 20 to 60% are associated with rotavirus infection (RVI). The high intensity of the spread of the epidemic process and mortality from RVI indicates to the need for vaccination. &#x0D; Aim: to assess the state of vaccination and study the clinical and etiological structure of RVI in children in-patients in the city of Krasnodar. &#x0D; Materials and methods. There was performed the single-stage retrospective analysis of 505 case histories of acute AEI 0–&#x0D; 18 years children (boys/girls: 267/238) admitted to the Children’s City Clinical Hospital in Krasnodar (2020). The state of vaccination (2013–2020) was studied on the base of the vaccination center in the Children’s City Clinical Hospital in Krasnodar. &#x0D; Results. The number of immunized 6552 increased from 10 (2013) to 1460 (2020). Vaccination coverage in 2020 was 5.9% of the target cohort. Less than 1% of adverse events after immunization have been reported. In the AEI structure, 140 cases of RVI (27.7%) were registered: mono-RVI 50 (35.7%), mixed-RVI 90 (64.3%). Mixed-RVI included noro-RVI (67.9% cases), noro-adeno-RVI (17.8%), adeno-RVI (3.3%), salmonella-noro-RVI (3.3%), salmonella-RVI, salmonella-noro-adeno-RVI, campylobacteria-noro-RVI (2.2%) and escherichio-RVI (1.1%). The age structure of the Republic of Ingushetia was dominated by children under 1 year — 59.3%, &#x0D; 1–3 years old — 21.4%, 4–6 years old — 7.2%, 7–18 years old — 12.1%. Mono-RVI occurred in the form of gastroenteritis in moderate (78%) and severe (22%) forms with varying degrees of dehydration (stage I — 74%, stage II — 4%, stage III — 22%). Mixed RVI occurred in the form of gastroenteritis 80 (88.9%) and enterocolitis 10 (11.1%) in moderate (81%) and severe (19%) forms with stage I exsicosis (63%), II Art. (18%), III Art. (19%). Among all hospitalized children, none were as vaccinated against RVI. &#x0D; Conclusion. The high intensity of the spread of the epidemic process in RVI indicates the need for vaccination.

Knowledge, Perception, and Reporting Practices of Healthcare Providers about Adverse Events Following the COVID-19 Vaccination in Iraq(Conference Paper )#

Routine vaccination activities, such as detection, reporting, and management of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs), are generally handled by healthcare providers (HCPs). Safe vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) were introduced to control the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The study aimed to assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practice of HCPs in Iraq about reporting adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination, and their association with sociodemographic variables. The study was a cross-sectional study that was carried out between August and September 2021 at the COVID-19 vaccination centers in Iraq. This study used an online and paper-based questionnaire, which was distributed among HCPs (physicians and pharmacists) in COVID-19 vaccination centers. A total of 117 pharmacists and physicians responded to the survey. Two-thirds of respondents were pharmacists. The majority of the respondents (49.6%) had fair knowledge levels on AEFIs. The perception of 43% of the participants was very good, whereas the perception of 28%, 23%, and 6% of the participants was fair, good, and poor, respectively. The reporting practice of HCPs was inadequate in 53% of respondents. The number of pharmacists who had good knowledge of AEFIs was significantly higher than that of the physicians. The age group (30-39) years of HCPs was significantly associated with more positive perception towards AEFIs. The number of pharmacists that had good perception was significantly higher than that of the physicians. Furthermore, HCPs aged 30 to 39 years had significantly higher reporting practices than other age groups. The study highlighted that the HCPs working at the COVID-19 vaccination centers have low knowledge of AEFIs. On the other hand, HCPs had more positive perception towards reporting AEFIs. Education programs and reference materials are needed to increase their awareness about AEFIs.

Anti-Sars-CoV-2 vaccination campaign in children aged 5-11 years: the experience of a mass vaccination center in the city of Milan.

After the approval of the anti-Sars-CoV-2 vaccines for the pediatric population, it is necessary to encourage the immunization of children aged 5-11 years, as this can reduce intergenerational transmission. Therefore, this goal has become a priority for the COVID 19 vaccination campaign in Italy. In the city of Milan, the mass vaccination center (MVC) Fiera Milano City, previously settled for general population, became the main site to host pediatric vaccinations. The center was consequently remodeled to ensure a suitable space for children. This paper provides an overview on the organization strategy implemented by Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico. The modular structure and the wide surface available in the center allowed the administration of hundreds of vaccines per day, especially in the first opening phase. All the data for the entire period of activity of Fiera MCV, from December 16th 2021 to February 20th 2022, were analyzed using descriptive statistics. During the entire period of activity, from 16 December 2021 to 20 February 2022, 23% of the population in the province of Milan aged 5-11 years has been reached and vaccinated with at least one shot of vaccine in this center. Despite an enthusiastic response in the first weeks of the campaign, a progressive reduction in vaccination adherence was observed, maybe due to the absence of restrictive measures for unvaccinated children in Italy.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a developing country: prevalence, explanatory factors and implications for the future

ObjectivesVaccine hesitancy is a public health challenge highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to determine the prevalence and explanatory factors leading to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the Jamaican population to inform vaccination strategies. Study designThis was an exploratory cross-sectional study. MethodsAn exploratory survey was distributed electronically between September and October 2021 to gather information on COVID-19 vaccination behaviour and beliefs among the Jamaican population. Data were expressed as frequencies and analysed using Chi-squared followed by multivariate logistic regressions. Significant analyses were determined at P < 0.05. ResultsOf the 678 eligible responses, most were females (71.5%, n = 485), between ages 18–45 years (68.2%, n = 462), had tertiary education (83.4%, n = 564) and were employed (73.4%, n = 498), with 10.6% (n = 44) being healthcare workers. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was present in 29.8% (n = 202) of the survey population, mainly because of safety and efficacy concerns and a general lack of reliable information about the vaccines. The likelihood of hesitancy increased amongst respondents under 36 years (odds ratio [OR] 6.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6, 12.9), those who delayed initial acceptance of vaccines (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.3, 3.1); parents for their children and with long waits at vaccination centres. Likelihood of hesitancy decreased for respondents over 36 years (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.8, 7.8) and with vaccine support from pastors/religious leaders (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1, 2.4). ConclusionsVaccine hesitancy was more prevalent in younger respondents who were never exposed to the effects of vaccine-preventable diseases. Religious leaders had more influence than healthcare workers to increase vaccine uptake.

COVID-19 Vaccination in Romania and the Benefits of the National Electronic Registry of Vaccinations.

Recording real-time data of vaccinations performed, vaccine stocks, and adverse events following immunization is a particularly useful activity in the effective development of any vaccination campaign or vaccination program, guiding the decisions of public health authorities. The aim of this paper is to present the benefits of the National Electronic Registry of Vaccinations in providing useful information for the optimization of healthcare vaccination policies, specifically related to COVID-19 vaccination. We performed a descriptive study using data available in the reports generated from the National Electronic Registry of Vaccinations regarding COVID-19 vaccinations performed between 27 December 2020 and 31 December 2021. A total of 27,980,270 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine were distributed. Of these, 15,757,638 (56%) were administered in 4545 vaccination centers: 7,882,458 as the 1st dose (50%), 5,878,698 as the 2nd dose (37%), and 1,996,482 as the 3rd dose (13%). More than 25% of the total doses were administered to people over 65 years of age. A total of 41% of the population received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 4083 adverse events following immunization were reported. The existence of a National Electronic Registry of Vaccinations containing accurate information on vaccinations performed in Romania offers the opportunity to obtain a clear picture of vaccination status that will significantly contribute to the optimization of vaccination strategies and programs.

The Hesistency of Public Toward COVID-19 Vaccine Booster in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Until now, the transmission of the Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is still there. According to the magazine Folkative daily in June 2022 that Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants were identified enter Indonesia. More than two years into the coronnavirus pandemic, doctors are seeing other viruses, like the flu, act in unusual ways. COVID is making flu and other common viruses act in unfamiliar ways (The Washington Post, June, 2022). The Ministry of Communication and Information of the Republic of Indonesia (KOMINFO, 2022) continuously calls for all people in Indonesia to get a complete dose of 1,2 and booster vaccines. This is to increase immunity so that COVID-19 does not have a severe impact. The booster vaccine can be obtained at Public Health Centers or vaccine centers. This study uses qualitative methods with the phenomenology approach. There are 12 informants on this research which are adults who are willing to become research informants. The data are gathered using a survey with purposive sampling and in-depth interviews. Coallizi's method are used to analyze the interview results. From this research can be found that the informants have knowledge of COVID-19 from pandemic to endemic, know about the type of COVID-19 vaccine, have strong reasons for refusing to give a COVID-19 vaccine booster, believe that a COVID-19 vaccine booster is unnecessary If done, the body already has immunity without having to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster. This research can be an input to find out more about the public's views on the administration of the COVID-19 Keyword: hesistency, COVID-19 vaccine booster

COVID vaccine hesitancy among the tribal population and its determinants: A community-based study at berhampore block of Murshidabad District, West Bengal.

On January 16, 2021, India rolled out the COVID vaccination drive. A successful and effective vaccination campaign requires much more than the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. This includes identifying vulnerable populations with lower vaccine confidence and identifying the drivers of vaccine hesitancy. This study aims to find out vaccine hesitancy among the tribal population regarding COVID-19 vaccination. It was an observational descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted at Manindranagar and Hatinagar gram panchayat of Berhampore Block of Murshidabad district, West Bengal, from June 2021-November 2021, among tribal people aged >18 years. A total of 198 tribal people were selected by applying the probability proportional to size sampling method. Participants were interviewed using predesigned, pretested, and semi-structured schedules. Potential predictors of hesitancy were investigated using the multivariate logistic regression model. Vaccine hesitancy was present among 36.9% of the study participants. Fear of side effects (78.1%) was the most common reason of vaccine hesitancy. Only 30.8% of them received at least one dose of vaccine. Vaccine hesitancy was associated with decreased family income in the last 1 year (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 8.23), knowledge regarding vaccine (AOR = 0.41), adherence to COVID-appropriate behavior (AOR = 0.45), and trust on the local health-care worker (AOR = 0.32). Vaccine hesitancy among the tribal population is driven by a lack of knowledge and awareness. Their economic status, attitudes toward the health system, and accessibility factors may also play a major role in vaccine hesitancy. Extensive information, education, and communication activity, more involvement of health-care workers in the awareness campaign, and establishment of vaccination centers in tribal villages may be helpful.

Promoting the Participation of "Hard-to-Reach" Migrant Populations in Qualitative Public Health Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile.

The COVID-19 pandemic has further deepened socioeconomic and health inequities worldwide, especially among populations experiencing social vulnerability, such as international migrants. Sustained lockdowns and social distancing have raised challenges to conducting public health research with hard-to-reach populations. This study aims at exploring strategies to recruit "hard-to-reach" international migrants for qualitative public health research during the pandemic in Chile, based on the authors' experience. A retrospective qualitative evaluation process was carried out on the recruitment processes of three qualitative research projects focused on international migrants in Chile. All projects were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, demanding complementary and flexible strategies: (i) social media; (ii) snowball sampling; (iii) referrals from social workers and pro-migrant and migrant-led organizations; (iv) vaccination centers and healthcare centers; and (v) community-based recruitment. The strategies are qualitatively evaluated around seven emerging qualitative categories: (i) feasibility during lockdown periods; (ii) speed of recruitment; (iii) geographical coverage; (iv) sample diversity; (v) proportion of successful interviews; (vi) ethical considerations; and (vii) cost. Engaging hard-to-reach international migrants in public health research during the pandemic required constantly adapting recruitment strategies. Furthermore, relying on strategies that were not only Internet-based promoted the participation of populations with limited access to the Internet and low-digital literacy.

Coagulation Parameters Among Sudanese Individuals Vaccinated with Johnson and Johnson Vaccine at Khartoum State, 2022

<i>Background: </i>A COVID 19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) vaccine is adenovirus vector-based vaccine that targets the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, when it enters the body it stimulates the immune response. <i>Materials and methods: </i>This was a cross sectional study, health facility base, Conducted in Vaccine centre at Omer ben Alkhatab, Khartoum, Sudan during the period July to August, 2022 to estimate changes of coagulation parameters among Sudanese vaccinated with Johnson & Johnson vaccine. Sixty samples were collected from the Participants that took the first dose of Johnson & Johnson vaccine; thirty samples before the vaccination, and thirty after vaccination. The coagulation parameters were performing by different methods. <i>Results:</i> The means of parameters before the vaccination were; APTT was (36.2 ±3), PT was (15.8±2.4), INR (1.2 ±0.2), platelets (285.9 ±7.2), fibrinogen (243.4 ±4.6) and D-dimer (0.17±0.03). The means of parameters after the vaccination for the APTT, PT, INR, platelets count, fibrinogen and the D-dimer were; (35.2 ±2.9), (13.9±2.1), (1.21±0.3), (272.8±57.9), (284.2 ±53.3) and (0.37±0.8) respectively. When compared between the results of parameters per and post vaccination the results revealed that; there was significant decrease in the time for the APTT and PTT (p value ≤0.05), in significant differences with the INR and platelets count (p value ≥0.05), significant increase for the fibrinogen and D- dimer level (p value ≤0.05). While when compared the mean of the parameters with the age, genders, and symptoms there was insignificant differences (p value ≥0.05), except the D – dimer had a significant differences with the age and symptoms (p value ≤0.05).<i> Conclusion:</i> In the conclusion of this study there was significant decrease of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), Prothrombin time (PT), and significant increase in fibrinogen and D-dimer level in the Sudanese individuals after the first dose of Johnson and Johnson Vaccine.

Pop-up COVID-19 vaccination clinics for vulnerable groups in the Midlands.

Roma, travellers and the homeless suffer from a higher risk of both COVID-19 infection and severe disease relative to the general population. The purpose of this project was to ensure as many members as possible from vulnerable groups in the Midlands availed of COVID-19 vaccines. Following on from successful testing of vulnerable populations in the Midlands of Ireland in March/April 2021, a collaboration of HSE Midland's Department of Public Health, Safetynet Primary Care and the HSE Midlands Traveller Health Unit (MTHU) operated pop-up vaccination clinics in June/July 2021, targeting the same populations. Clinics delivered the first dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, registering clients for second doses in Community Vaccination Centres (CVCs). Thirteen clinics were hosted between 8 June 2021 and 20 July 2021, resulting in 890 first-dose Pfizer vaccinations delivered to vulnerable populations. Trust established months prior with our grassroots testing service resulted in strong vaccine uptake, with the quality service provided seeding further demand over time. This service integrated into the national system and allowed individuals to receive their second doses within the community.

How Do Users Respond to Mass Vaccination Centers? A Cross-Sectional Study Using Natural Language Processing on Online Reviews to Explore User Experience and Satisfaction with COVID-19 Vaccination Centers

To reach large groups of vaccine recipients, several high-income countries introduced mass vaccination centers for COVID-19. Understanding user experiences of these novel structures can help optimize their design and increase patient satisfaction and vaccine uptake. This study drew on user online reviews of vaccination centers to assess user experience and identify its key determinants over time, by sentiment, and by interaction. Machine learning methods were used to analyze Google reviews of six COVID-19 mass vaccination centers in Berlin from December 2020 to December 2021. 3647 user online reviews were included in the analysis. Of these, 89% (3261/3647) were positive according to user rating (four to five of five stars). A total of 85% (2740/3647) of all reviews contained text. Topic modeling of the reviews containing text identified five optimally latent topics, and keyword extraction identified 47 salient keywords. The most important themes were organization, friendliness/responsiveness, and patient flow/wait time. Key interactions for users of vaccination centers included waiting, scheduling, transit, and the vaccination itself. Keywords connected to scheduling and efficiency, such as "appointment" and "wait", were most prominent in negative reviews. Over time, the average rating score decreased from 4.7 to 4.1, and waiting and duration became more salient keywords. Overall, mass vaccination centers appear to be positively perceived, yet users became more critical over the one-year period of the pandemic vaccination campaign observed. The study shows that online reviews can provide real-time insights into newly set-up infrastructures, and policymakers should consider their use to monitor the population's response over time.

Pandemic’s influence on parents’ attitudes and behaviors toward meningococcal vaccination

ABSTRACT Invasive meningococcal disease is a life-threatening infection preventable through vaccination. Pediatric vaccination rates have declined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This survey aimed to understand how parents’ attitudes and behaviors have changed during the pandemic with regard to immunization and, more specifically, meningococcal vaccination. An online survey was emailed to parents of eligible children 0–4 years, following the selection process from UK, France, Germany, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, and Australia; and of adolescents 11–18 years from US. Data collection took place 19 January–16 February 2021. Quotas were set to ensure a representative sample. Eleven questions relating to general perceptions around vaccination and attitudes and behaviors toward meningitis vaccination were displayed. On 4,962 parents (average 35 years) participating in the survey, most (83%) believed important for their child to continue receiving recommended vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly half of routine vaccine appointments were delayed or canceled due to the pandemic, and 61% of respondents were likely to have their children catch up once COVID-19 restrictions were lifted. 30% of meningitidis vaccination appointments were canceled or delayed during the pandemic, and 21% of parents did not intend to reschedule them because of lockdown/stay at home regulations, and fear of catching COVID-19 in public places. It is crucial to communicate clear instructions to health workers and the general population and to provide appropriate safety precautions in vaccination centers. This will help to maintain vaccination rates and limit infections to prevent future outbreaks.