Vacant Land Research Articles

An Application of Cellular Automata (CA) and Markov Chain (MC) Model in Urban Growth Prediction: A case of Surat City, Gujarat, India

The main purpose of this study is to detect land use land cover change for 1990-2000, 2000-2010, and 2010-2020 using multispectral Landsat images as well as to simulate and predict urban growth of Surat city using Cellular Automata-based Markov Chain Model. Maximum likelihood supervise classification was used to generate LULC maps of the years 1990,2000,2010, and 2020 and the overall accuracy of these maps were 90%, 95%, 91.25%, and 96.25%, respectively. Two transition rules were commuted to predict the LULC of 2010 and 2020. For validation of these LULC maps, the Area Under Characteristics curve was used, and these maps' accuracy was 95.30% and 86.90%. This validation predicted LULC maps for the years 2035 and 2050. Transition rules of 2010-2035 showed that there will be a probability that 36.33% of vegetation area and 40.27% of the vacant land area will be transited into built-up by the year 2035, and it will be 49.20 % of the total area. Also, 57.77% of the vegetation area and 60.24% of the built-up area will be transformed into urban areas by the year 2050, almost 62.60 %. Analysis of LULC maps 2035 and 2050 exhibits that there will be abundant growth in all directions except the South Zone and Southwest Zone. Therefore, this study helps urban planners and decision-makers decide what to retain, where to plan for new development and type of development, what to connect, and what to protect in coming years.

Mapping urban land type with multi-source geospatial big data: a case study of Shenzhen, China

ABSTRACT Land types visually reflect the comprehensive attributes of land resources, allowing the monitoring of land development dynamics and evaluation of the land use situation. However, existing land type classification systems in urban areas lacked the integrated consideration of human characteristics and natural landscapes. Thus, this study integrated multi-source geospatial data including Weibo check-in, taxi-tracking, building-surveys, and remote sensing images to acquire anthropogenic features including building characteristics and human activities, and natural landscape features including water, vegetation, and urban vacant land. Three-level urban land type classification system was then constructed with two primary categories, six secondary categories, and 17 tertiary categories to reveal integrated characteristics of urban land resources. Based on the extracted urban areas of Shenzhen, urban land types in 2014 were mapped at street block to reveal the distribution and utilization efficiency of land resources in a visual and detailed format, thus guiding land resources optimization.

Associations between vacant urban lands and public health outcomes in growing and shrinking cities

Vacant urban land, although not officially designated as a green space, often exhibits a semi-wild natural state due to being left open to colonization by nature. Attention to the effects of vacant urban land on human health has increased due to both rising urban vacancy rates and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, relationships between many vacant land characteristics (such as vegetation coverage, size, duration, and location) and NCDs have not been comprehensively examined, especially comparing shrinking (depopulating) and growing (populating) cities. This study evaluates St. Louis, MO (shrinking), and Los Angeles, CA (growing) to explore these relationships using ordinary least squares (OLS) interaction analysis with a moderator approach. Results show that associations between vacancy rate, duration, location, and NCDs differ significantly between city types. Vegetation coverage and size are associated with specific NCDs, but there are no differences between city types. Unlike the largely dilapidated vacant lands in the shrinking city, which tend to harm public health, vacant lots in the growing city were more functional green spaces that can, in some cases, even mitigate NCDs. Interestingly, In St. Louis, the shorter the average duration of the vacant land, the greater the risk of NCDs in a shrinking city. This is because vacant land can be contagious to nearby lots if not treated, leading to more newly emerged vacant lands and reducing the average duration of vacant land. In such cases, census tracts with the lower duration of vacant lands in St. Louis tend to be areas facing persistent environmental degradation and high public health threats. Regarding location, vacant lands near industrial areas were linked to negative health outcomes in the Los Angeles (growing), while those near single-family and commercial areas posed higher risks of NCDs in the St Louis (shrinking). The findings aid decision-making for land supply regulation and regeneration as well as urban green space management to promote human health and well-being.

Community gardens and the 15-minute city: Scenario analysis of garden access in New York City

Community gardens are a form of green infrastructure that provides social and environmental benefits for garden users and the surrounding area. However, little is known about who has walking access to community gardens in most cities today and how this may change in the future. To address this gap, we examine 15-minute walking access to community gardens in New York City (NYC), and how land-use and investment decisions will impact the future of NYC as a 15-minute garden city. Our results indicate that more than half of the city’s residents have this access to a community garden, and that neighborhoods with lower income, lower proportions of white residents and homeowners, and higher rates of educational attainment have better access. Optimization modeling indicates that universal 15-minute access is unlikely, though more than 70% of NYC residents could have walking access with as few as 50 additional community gardens. Supporting new community gardens on vacant land and parking lots is the most efficient way to expand access, though siting community gardens on a range of land use types is required to maximize access. By mapping community gardens, analyzing their distribution, and modeling how to scale-up urban agriculture, this paper presents a scenario-based process for exploring how and where to expand urban amenities.

Penguatan Kesadaran Perbaikan Lingkungan melalui Participatory Action Research Dusun Gedok Wisata B29

One of the interesting tourist destinations in Lumajang Regency is B29 Tourism Village in Argosari Village, Senduro District. From here, visitors can enjoy views of Mount Bromo, the highest peak in the Sand Sea area, which is located about 40 kilometers from Lumajang City and has a height of about 2900 meters above sea level. Argosari Village also has amazing natural beauty, making it an attraction for tourists. The Lumajang Regency Government has a policy that regulates the tourism sector through the cultural tourism office. Garbage is a common problem for the wider community, especially in the people of Gedok Hamlet, Argosari Village, Senduro District, Lumajang Regency. The unavailability of trash bins has led to the habit of burning garbage which can cause air pollution, and throwing garbage in vacant land or ravines which can cause environmental damage. This service focuses on the waste problems that occur in Gedok Hamlet, to reduce littering we provide several trash cans that can be useful for Gedok Hamlet residents to dispose of waste in its place. This service uses the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method, which involves community participation through interviews and observations of the community around Gedok Hamlet as a data source. This service aims to provide benefits and good impacts on waste problems that occur both in Gedok Hamlet and in the wider community, so that they understand the impact of waste on the environment and health.

Remote Sensing Techniques for Identifying Flood Prone Areas Using the Vegetation Index, Water Index, and Simple Additive Weighting Methods for Mekarsari Areas, Cianjur Regency, West Java

Flood is a natural disaster with an intensity that often occurs in cities on a scale with excess water discharge in some areas. This research was conducted to determine the risk of flooding in Mekarsari Village and its surroundings, Cianjur Regency, West Java. (According to InaRisk, 2022) Risk and danger of flooding Moderate – High. This study uses data for the entire year 2022. With several parameters used in this study including land cover, rainfall, soil type, slope, NDVI, NDWI and SAVI. Simple Additive Weighting or weighting for each parameter with different results, according to the classification of each of these parameters. The results of this weighting will become a Flood Hazard Risk Map which was previously the result of overlay and intersection of land cover map, rainfall map, soil type map, slope map, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index map, Normalized Difference Water Index map and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index map. On the Flood Disaster Risk Map there are five categories of vulnerability levels Not Hazardous, Less Hazardous, Moderate, Hazardous and Very Hazardous. The cause of the risk of flooding in the study area is that most of the land use is diverted to rice fields, plantations, dry agricultural land and settlements so that the lack of vacant land causes low absorption of rainwater and also steep slopes and high elevations which also cause rainwater to be stored in the lowlands. settlements) with moderate to high rainfall intensity every month. There is also a lack of education for the community to mitigate the risk of flood disasters so that waste management and waterways in settlements are inadequate and well managed.

Household Waste Management Strategy in Upper Middle Housing

The growing volume of waste poses a significant challenge, with implications for environmental contamination, health, and aesthetics. While participatory waste management practices have been adopted in some areas, others resort to dumping on vacant land, leading to potential long-term repercussions. The focus on waste source management, particularly within households, becomes imperative. A descriptive study was conducted in the Sukabumi Sub-district, with the most residences. Targeting households with heads of families as respondents, the research encompassed a sample of 120 housing units selected through systematic random sampling. Instruments developed by the researcher were employed for data collection. Analysis was anchored on a univariate approach and the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) method. The community's education, knowledge, and occupation profiles were categorized as 'good'. Despite this, a gap in waste governance was identified. Community knowledge about waste management emerged as a strength, while the unrealized potential of converting organic household waste into compost was recognized as an opportunity. To address waste management effectively, it is recommended to prioritize community strengths and harness available opportunities, like independent composting through suitable technology for limited land areas. Emphasizing household waste reduction through the 3R+P model, tailored for upper-middle-class housing, and bolstering community waste management awareness through continuous campaigns is essential.

Large-Scale Automatic Identification of Industrial Vacant Land

Many cities worldwide have large amounts of industrial vacant land (IVL) due to development and transformation, posing a growing problem. However, the large-scale identification of IVL is hindered by obstacles such as high cost, high variability, and closed-source data. Moreover, it is difficult to distinguish industrial vacant land from operational industrial land based solely upon image features. To address these issues, we propose a method for the large-scale automatic identification of IVL. The framework uses deep learning to train remote-sensing images of potential industrial vacant land to generate a semantic segmentation model and further use population density and surface temperature data to filter model predictions. The feasibility of the proposed methodology was validated through a case study in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, China. The study indicates two major conclusions: (1) The proposed IVL identification framework can efficiently generate industrial vacant land mapping. (2) HRNet exhibits the highest accuracy and strongest robustness after training compared with other semantic segmentation backbone networks, ensuring high-quality performance and stability, as evidenced by a model accuracy of 97.84%. Based on the above advantages, the identification framework provides a reference method for various countries and regions to identify industrial vacant land on a large scale, which is of great significance for advancing the research and transformation of industrial vacant land worldwide.

Effects of land use patterns on PM10 concentrations in urban and suburban areas. A European scale analysis

Landscape structure, the spatial characteristic of land cover, is a key factor in air quality. In this study, we investigate the connection between different land-use category areas taken from the 2018 Urban Atlas and the European Environmental Agency's monthly average coarse particulate matter (PM10) concentrations. We identified the main PM10 emission-source land-use categories that restrict the transmission of PM10 and therefore reduce PM10 concentrations in urban and suburban areas. According to our results, water, forest and urban park areas inside differently sized buffer zones surrounding PM10 monitoring stations have an obvious clearing effect on PM10 concentrations throughout almost all seasons, while there is a positive correlation between areas of vacant land, railways and mine, dump and construction sites and monthly PM10 concentrations. In addition, the strong effect of the correlation between built-up areas, industrial areas and roads and monthly average PM10 concentrations changes seasonally. Air pollution from motor vehicles shows a significant positive statistical relationship with PM10 concentrations only in the summer, but in contrast, during the heating (cold) period, because of motor vehicle driving (secondary) winds, traffic corridors have a significant decreasing effect on PM10 concentrations. By understanding the effect of different land use/land cover patterns on PM10 concentrations and variability, we can derive precise spatial urban planning strategies that are adaptable for health care.

Analysis of Solar Power Plant Development Potential in Adipala - Cilacap

PT Pertamina (Persero) as the vanguard of the archipelago's energy has committed to finding and developing new and renewable energy sources to support national energy independence and sovereignty. One of the concrete steps taken by PT Pertamina through the Cilacap Processing Unit IV is to build a Solar Power Plant. One of the strategic solar power plant construction sites in an empty land area close to the 500 kV Adipala Sutet Power Network is located in Cilacap regency with an average global horizontal irradiation (GHI) value of 1908 kWh/m2. With this value, the installation of solar rooftops is the right solution to support electricity production using renewable energy. The electricity load consumption from the city in one year is 1785.6 KWh and is currently entirely supplied by PLN. In this study, a Solar Power Plant design was carried out on vacant land around housing that can be produced in one year. The design and calculations were carried out using the help of PVSyst and RETScreen software. From the simulation results, the results obtained are a Solar Power Plant that has been designed to produce 463 kWh per year which can meet 25.9% of electricity needs at the design site with a Solar Power Plant performance ratio of 85.74% where Solar Power Plant can produce electrical energy of 1531 KWh per year.

How risk perception and loss aversion affect farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads: Mediating role of policy identity

Government-guided withdrawal from rural homesteads is a sustainable solution to the problem of vacant rural residential land. Nonetheless, few studies have considered the influence of risk perception and loss aversion on farmers' decisions to withdraw from rural homesteads, and even fewer have investigated the role of policy identity. Using fieldwork-collected primary data and a lottery-choice experiment from a reform pilot area of southwestern China, this study aimed to provide a new focus for risk perception and loss aversion in farmers' intention to withdraw from rural homesteads through policy identity. According to our findings, only 45.30 % are willing to withdraw from their homesteads. Farmers typically perceive two to three categories of risks among residence risk, livelihood risk, security risk, and policy risk. Only 29.28 % of respondents report a low level of loss aversion, with the remainder reporting a moderate or high level. More than half demonstrate a high level of policy identity. Most notably, after dealing with endogeneity, risk perception has a negative impact on farmers' intention to withdraw from rural homesteads, whereas loss aversion has a positive impact. Policy identity has a positive influence on farmers' intention, partially mediating the negative path of risk perception and entirely mediating the positive path of loss aversion. Robust concluding remarks advocate for the improvement of farmers’ policy identity based on heterogeneous characteristics of risk perception and loss aversion, as well as a more individualized consideration of land withdrawal options.

The Dynamics and Factors Influencing The Land Use/Land Cover Change in Ciparay District, Bandung Regency

Population growth in Ciparay District, as in several areas in West Java Province, has been increasing, especially in the last ten years, leading to an increase in housing needs and converting rice fields to residential land. This study aims to identify the spatial conversion dynamic of rice fields and analyze the factors that influence the conversion of rice fields in Ciparay District, Bandung Regency. The method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive method with map overlay analysis techniques and multiple linear regression analysis. This study found that the characteristics of land conversion in Ciparay District are divided into four land use/ land cover changes: rice field to residential land, rice field to dryland farming, rice field to vacant land, and dryland agricultural to settlement. The most significant change in land use/ land cover is in the change of rice fields to residential areas, which is 336.09 hectares. The factor that had the most influence on the land conversion of rice fields was the accessibility ratio.

Studying the properties of ash and slag waste for use in the manufacture of construction products

Purpose. The research purpose is to study the physical-chemical properties of ash and slag waste generated during the coal combustion at the Ekibastuz field in Kazakhstan, to determine the possibility of using waste as a secondary resource to reduce the negative human impact on the environment. Methods. The research uses the methods of X-ray phase and differential thermal analysis, as well as chemical analysis. The X-ray phase analysis makes it possible to determine the phase composition and structure of ash and slag wastes, while differential thermal analysis is used to study their behavior with temperature changes. A chemical analysis is performed to determine the composition of ash and slag. Findings. The chemical and granulometric composition of ash and slag waste from the Ekibastuz field coal combustion has been determined. Analysis of the ash chemical composition showed that its main components are silicon and aluminum oxides, as well as a significant amount of iron oxide. The results obtained confirm the possibility of using ash and slag waste as a secondary raw material to reduce the negative impact on the environment. Originality. It has been revealed that the thermal conductivity, ultimate strength and water-absorption of ceramic brick samples depend on the amount of ash added and the firing temperature. The possibility of obtaining building materials with minimum cement content has also been substantiated, which is a new and promising approach, given the high cost of cement as the main building material. Practical implications. The practical value of the research is in solving environmental problems associated with the use of ash and slag waste. Using these wastes as a secondary raw material, it is possible to reduce the anthropogenic burden on the environment, as well as the volume of ash dumps. In addition, vacant land previously occupied by ash and slag mixtures can be used for economic purposes.

Spatial Modeling of Vacant Land Prices: Case study of Medina.

Spatial Modeling of Vacant Land Prices: Case study of Medina.

RURAL SETTLEMENTS FROM OTTOMAN ANATOLIA: THE CASE OF THE DISTRICT OF KIRELI OF KONYA OF 1845

This research article is based mainly on Ottoman archival data of 1845. They are manuscripts, written in Ottoman
 Turkish. Ottoman government needs cash in the years of 1820s due to wars with Russia and Iran. To achieve this,
 the state demands extra taxes from all peasants of Anatolia. In this study, the economic situation of 22 small Muslim
 villages of the district of Kıreli of Konya of Anatolia was examined in outline. Agriculture and livestock were the main
 means of livelihood for the Muslim peasants. However, with the increase of the population, the economic resources
 were not enough for the Muslim peasants and the nomads (Yörük) living in this region. Many men had to leave their
 villages and went to the large cities to earn struggle for life. Ottoman administration founds them there and also
 taxes the labor. This was a very heavy practice for them. In the region, most villages were abandoned. The peasants
 had to be content with only rural resources. The vacant agricultural lands were immediately planted by the surrounding
 peasants.

What do pedestrians consider when choosing a route? The role of safety, security, and attractiveness perceptions and the built environment during day and night walking

Increasing the use of non-motorized modes of transport, such as walking, is a worldwide objective aimed at improving the sustainability of cities. However, pedestrians may not choose to walk if the infrastructure fails to meet their needs or if they hold unfavourable perceptions regarding the built environment (BE). The current study aims to identify the significance of route attributes and perceptions of attractiveness, safety, and security at the route level, which influence pedestrians' preferences for last-mile route choices. A cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing a questionnaire comprising a stated preference (SP) experiment and a perception survey. The study considered theory-informed attributes influencing pedestrian route choice preferences, including: (1) individual-level determinants, (2) physical-level determinants, and (3) time of day. Two separate models were developed, considering the time of day, to examine the differences in trade-offs within pedestrians' route choice preferences between day and night. The results revealed that both the BE and perceptions of the BE play a crucial role in determining pedestrian route choice behaviour. Pedestrians showed a preference for routes fully encompassed by mixed or residential land uses during the daytime. The presence of vacant land along the walking route significantly decreased the likelihood of choosing a route at night. Generally, pedestrians favoured shorter walking times, lower posted speed limits, and comfortable walkway grades in their routes. Female pedestrians tended to avoid routes that were not well-lit and pleasant at night. Lowering roadway speed limits emerged as a strategy to encourage walking in suburban areas. The findings of this study hold the potential to play an essential role in the development of effective policy initiatives targeted at pedestrians in cities.

Assessing the Urban Vacant Land Potential for Infill Housing: A Case Study in Oklahoma City, USA

Vacant land in residual urban areas is a crucial resource to tackle the current climate and housing crises. In this study, we present the development of a geodatabase to determine the occurrence of vacant land in the urban core of Oklahoma City, USA (OKC), and assess its potential for infill housing. As a starting point, we define urban vacant land through a literature review. We present a description of the case study’s social and urbanistic context by highlighting its relevance to this study. We explain the methodology for the development of the geodatabase to quantify residual urban land in OKC’s urban core. We examine the spatial distribution and recurring characteristics of vacant parcels using QGIS, Python scripting for Rhinoceros 3D, and aerial imagery. We find that small parcels have higher vacancy rates than average-sized parcels and there is a correlation between higher vacancy rates and proximity to downtown and brownfields. Finally, we discuss the implications of the findings by assessing the urban vacant land potential for residential development and its contribution to OKC’s housing provision. Under all the proposed scenarios, the considered developable vacant land in the urban core could entirely fulfill the need for new housing units for the entire city.

FACTORS AFFECTING HOUSING PRICES: THE CASE OF ISTANBUL-ATAKOY

Different structural and spatial features such as type of housing unit, age of housing unit, size of housing unit, number of rooms, number of bathrooms, construction quality, heating system, parking lot, quality of public services, proximity to centers, distance to health and education facilities, transportation facilities, crime rate, satisfaction with social activities, landscape, environment, pollution and airport noise affect the prices of the housing units. Atakoy is one of the important residential areas of Istanbul with a high quality of life, due to the richness of its green areas and its urban texture, the closeness to centers, high quality of transportation and urban services. The lack of vacant land, the high demand and the high occupancy rate in the region have increased the housing prices considerably, and the importance of the regional housing market. The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics of housing unit that may affect the housing prices in Atakoy. In this context, multiple regression analysis has been made with the data which consist of physical information about 149 housing units for sale in the region and it has been examined which features related to the housing unit how much may affect the housing prices.

Ecological monitoring of urban thermal field variance index and determining the surface urban heat island effects in Lahore, Pakistan.

Lahore is the second major metropolitan city in Pakistan in terms of urban population and built-up area, making the city a more ideal place to form the surface urban heat island (SUHI) effects. In the last two decades, the considerable land-use conversion from a natural surface (vegetation) and permeable (waterbody) surface into an impervious (built-up area) surfacehas lead to an increase in land surface temperature (LST) in Lahore. The human thermal comfort (HTC) of the residents is alsoimpacted by the higher LST. The present study uses multi-temporal Landsat (5&8) satellite imageries to examine the ecological and thermal conditions of Lahore between 2000 and 2020. The ecological and thermal conditions of Lahore are assessed by calculating the urban heat islands and UTFVI (urban thermal field variance index), based on LST data which quantitatively assessed the UHI effect and the quality of human life. The outcomes establish that the urban built-up area has increased by 18%, while urban vegetation, vacant land, and waterbody decreased by 13%, 4%, and 0.04%, respectively. In the last 20 years, the mean LST of the study region has risen by about 3.67 °C. The UHI intensity map shows intensification and a rise in surface temperature variation from 4.5 °C (2000) to 5.9 °C (2020). Furthermore, the finding shows that the ecological and thermal conditions are worse in construction sites, transition zones, and urban areasin comparison to nearby rural areas. The lower UTFVI was observed in dense vegetation cover areas while a hot spot of higher UTFVI was predominantly observed in the areas of transition zones and built-up area expansion. Those areas with higher hot spots are more vulnerable to the urban heat island effect. The main conclusions of this study are essential for educating city officials and urban planners in developing a sustainable urban land development plan to reduce urban heat island effects by investing in open green spaces for urban areas of cities.

Study of design criteria for the Ayung River estuary area as an urban riverfront park in Denpasar City, Bali

Public green open space management currently tends to be in strategic areas in Denpasar City, such as the Sanur coastal area, city center, and city roads. This centralization will, in time, create a feeling of saturation and require a new atmosphere and unequal development. One of the efforts is to explore the potential of vacant land in coastal areas that have yet to be touched by development, one of which is the estuary of the Ayung River. The community currently uses the edge of the estuary of the Ayung River for recreational activities. The first step is to have a design that supports this function, especially since this area has ecological benefits for the city. The research objectives can accommodate the community's needs, managers, regional potential, and sustainable landscape design approaches. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique using walkability analysis and triangulation approaches. The results of the study integrate the theory of sustainable coastal area landscape design by producing design criteria, namely: Socio-cultural function design criteria with the principle approach of environmental community involvement, Economic function design criteria with the application of the economic tenets involving Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Environmental function criteria with the principles of waste management, linkage criteria with an energy efficiency function approach, and aesthetic function design criteria with a safe and comfortable material principle approach.