UV Vis NIR Spectroscopy Research Articles

Structural and Optical Characterization of a New Tetra- and Hexa-Coordinated Cd-Based Hybrid Compound with White Light Emission

The present paper deals with a new two-in-one zero-dimensional (0D) organic–inorganic hybrid compound namely (C6H10N2)4[CdBr6][CdBr4]2. This molecular crystal structure contains isolated CdBr4 tetrahedra and CdBr6 octahedra. The optical characterization by UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy shows that the (C6H10N2)4[CdBr6][CdBr4]2 exhibits a large gap energy of 4.97 eV. Under UV excitation, this hybrid material shows a bright cold white light emission (WLE) at room temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) analysis suggests that the WLE originates from the organic molecules. Density of states (DOS) analysis using the density functional theory (DFT) demonstrates that the calculated HOMO(Br)→LUMO(organic) absorption transition (4.1 eV) does not have significant intensity, while, the transition involving the valence band (VB) and the second and third conduction bands (CB) around 5 eV are allowed, which is in good agreement with the experimental gap value. The interesting theoretical result is that the LUMO(organic)→HOMO(Br) emission is allowed, which confirms the important role of the organic molecule in the emission mechanism, in good agreement with the experimental PL analysis.

A synergistic experimental and theoretical study elucidating the electronic and thermal properties in spinel CuInSnS4

Quaternary chalcogenides of different structure types continue to be of interest due to the novel physical properties they exhibit and for applications ranging from optoelectronics to energy-related technologies. Herein we report on the electronic and thermal properties of spinel CuInSnS4. UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy indicates strong absorption in the visible-light region with an indirect bandgap of 1.52 eV. First-principles computations corroborate our experimental data and reveal that the band-edge electronic properties are due to strong p−d and s−p hybridization and antibonding interactions. Analyses of temperature-dependent thermal properties together with first principles simulations reveal strong anharmonicity and low-lying optical branches that hybridize with the acoustic modes effectively suppressing thermal conductivity. This intrinsically very low thermal conductivity is much lower than that of related chalcogenides. Our findings are discussed in the light of ongoing interest in quaternary metal chalcogenide materials and may aid in the development of this and similar chalcogenides for applications of interest.

Synthesis and characterization of gold/nickel oxide nanoalloy via green laser irradiation

In the present study, a gold/nickel oxide (Au/NiO) nanoalloy was generated by irradiating two nano-metallic material solutions using a green laser. The produced Au/NiO nanocomposites were characterized by UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, an X-ray diffraction pattern, TEM and SEM imaging, and photoluminescence and DLS tests. Depending on the concentration of Au NPs in the suspension medium, the final characteristics of Au/NiO nanocomposites vary significantly. Au NPs exhibit an extremely high plasmonic absorption peak at approximately 530 nm. They melted by absorbing the energy of the second harmonic of the laser beam, forming an Au/NiO nanocomposite. Additionally, our results demonstrated that after irradiation with a green laser, the bandgap energy of samples was reduced to 5, 4.3, and 4 eV as the number of Au NPs in nanocomposite structures increased, indicating that the addition of gold to nickel oxide NPs improves their conductivity and reduces the bandgap energy of samples. Moreover, due to composition formation, the number and size of Au NPs dropped following green laser irradiation, while NiO NPs grew in size. This work created an AuNiO nanocomposite by laser ablation, which is a highly effective approach for fabricating nanostructures.

Probing multifunctional applications of LiCa2Mg2V3O12: Sm3+ phosphor using Judd-Ofelt analysis and dual mode non-contact optical thermometry

LiCa2Mg2V3O12:Sm3+ phosphors have been prepared by solid state method and analysed by X-ray diffraction, EDX-elemental mapping, UV–VIS-NIR spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and temperature dependent photoluminescence (TDPL). The absorption spectra analysis using Judd-Ofelt theory provides the intensity parameters and manifest the covalent nature of Sm-O bond. The PL spectra monitored at 338 nm excitation exhibits emission peaks of Sm3+ at 567, 617 and 651 nm in addition to the broad band emission of LiCa2Mg2V3O12 host. The Commision Internationale deL’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates, correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) values elucidate the efficient yellow emission of phosphors. The radiative parameters are evaluated and have outrageous branching ratio and cross section that aids in visible laser applications. The optical thermometry of phosphor is carried out by utilizing FIR method through selecting spectral modes 6H5/2/VO43-, 6H7/2/VO43- and 6H9/2/ VO43-. The mode 6H9/2/ VO43- have higher absolute sensitivity (Sa) and relative sensitivity (Sr) values of 0.4418 K−1 and 1.6079% K−1. The temperature resolution of modes are 0.1633, 0.1677 and 0.1563 K respectively. The thermochromic study reveals the high chromaticity shift (Δs = 0.1869) of phosphor and the Sa(x) and Sr(x) values evaluated based on CIE coordinates are 0.0011 K−1 and 0.2407% K−1 respectively. The PL and TDPL characteristics of prepared phosphor suggest that it have multifunctional application in the fields of lasers, thermo-sensors, thermochromic displays and LEDs.

Structural, vibrational, and optical studies of newly synthesized Yavapaiite-type phases BaSb2/3X1/3(PO4)2 (X = Mn, Co, Cu, Zn)

The synthesis and structural characterization of four newly synthesized phosphates, BaSb2/3X1/3(PO4)2 phases where X represents Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn, are presented here for the first time. These BaSb2/3X1/3(PO4)2 phases, denoted as [BaSbMn], [BaSbCo], [BaSbCu], and [BaSbZn], were prepared by a solid-state reaction at 900 °C in air atmosphere. The crystal structures of these [BaSbX] materials were investigated using Rietveld analysis based on conventional X-ray powder diffraction. The structural analysis revealed that all four compounds are isostructural, exhibiting the Yavapaiite-type structure with a monoclinic C2/m space group. Raman and infrared spectroscopy were employed to elucidate the bonding characteristics within the [BaSbX] phases. UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy provided insights into the electronic properties of the compounds, revealing charge transfer and d-d transitions in Mn2+, Co2+, and Cu2+ ions. In contrast, Zn2+ exhibited full d orbitals. The absorption spectra revealed UV bands indicative of charge transfer, with optical bandgap values spanning from 3.8 eV to 4.6 eV. This range signifies a distinctive semiconducting property inherent in the synthesized materials. Analysis of the Urbach tails revealed the presence of localized states, with lower values indicating higher crystallinity, giving valuable insights into the electronic behavior of the compounds.

Sequentially PVD‐Grown Indium and Gallium Selenides Under Compositional and Layer Thickness Variation: Preparation, Structural and Optical Characterization

AbstractGroup IIIA metal chalcogenides are an auspicious material system due to their variability of properties and hence the multitude of application options, for example, in the fields of optoelectronic, thermoelectric, piezo‐, and ferroelectric devices. Indium and gallium selenide films are innovatively grown in a sequential PVD (physical vapor deposition) process starting from metal precursor layers of various thicknesses, which are then subject to chalcogenization in different selenium contents. The resulting thin films are investigated for structural and optical properties by Raman, XRD (X‐ray diffraction), and UV–Vis–NIR spectrometry, revealing that all the compounds In2Se3, InSe, In4Se3, Ga2Se3, and GaSe as well as different polytypes can be achieved depending on the metal/chalcogen ratio. Results from Raman and XRD spectroscopy are highly consistent, and also from the optical measurements changes in absorption characteristics can be correlated. The results indicate, that by fine‐tuning the selenium content, deliberately growing ultra‐thin layers of the different indium and gallium phases will be possible, thus opening up a promising route for 2D material fabrication. Given the scalability of the fabrication method, it is highly promising for large‐scale deployment of the materials.

Sustainable synthesis of levulinic acid using waste derived silica-alumina-hydroxyapatite supported nano ZrO2 photo-acidic catalyst under synergistic UV-FIR irradiations

A novel nano-photocatalyst has been prepared using hydroxyapatite (HAp) derived from waste fish scale and fly ash-derived aluminosilicate (SiO2-Al2O3) grafted with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) active sites by innovative photo-hydrothermal protocol. The physiochemical properties of the prepared photocatalyst have been characterized by different analyses like TGA, XRD, FTIR, XPS, UV–VIS–NIR, BET, NH3-TPD, HRTEM, and DLS. The optimal catalyst has a zirconium loading of 20 wt% and has a low bandgap energy of 2.15 eV as confirmed by UV–VIS–NIR spectroscopy. The optimal catalyst also depicted a high acidity of 1.52 mmol NH3/g and a specific surface area of 62.872 m²/g. Owing to the high acidity, specific surface area, and low band gap energy the photocatalyst has led to achieving an elevated yield of 76.6% levulinic acid (LA) from glucose in hybrid irradiation reactor (HIR) deploying UV and FIR radiations at appreciably low temperature and reaction time of 115 ℃ and 2 h respectively. Under the same reaction conditions, the conventionally heated reactor (CHR) gave a very low yield of 23.7%. Individual radiation effects on LA yield evinced the synergistic advantageous effect of the hybrid irradiation technique. The catalyst reusability and regenerative study confirmed the high stability of the prepared catalyst. Also, a comparative LCA study has been conducted between HIR and CHR systems which revealed that HIR was more environmentally sustainable than CHR. HIR -based process demonstrated a reduction in 59% global warming potential, 70.66% forest resource scarcity, and 65% lower terrestrial ecotoxicity while being 120% more energy efficient than CHR-based reaction making HIR more environmentally sustainable as well as economically feasible.

The X-ray peak profiling, optical and dielectric properties of Ag@ZnFe2O4/rGO ternary nanocomposites: LED assisted photocatalysis and humidity sensing

Ag@ZnFe2O4/reduced graphene oxide (Ag@ZnFe2O4/rGO) ternary nanocomposites were successfully synthesized (NCs) via hydrothermal method and explored the LED assisted photocatalytic performance for the degradation of organic dyes as well as humidity sensing properties of the material. For comparison, bare ZnFe2O4, and ZnFe2O4/rGO also synthesized. The freshly prepared samples were investigated using XRD, TEM, UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy, VSM, Impedance analyzer, and particle size analyzer. The detailed structural parameters were calculated through X-ray peak profiling using Classical Scherrer, Modified Scherrer, Williumson-Hall, Halder-Wagner, Size Strain Plot methods along with Rietveld refinement. From UV–vis–DRS analysis, optical energy gaps were obtained in the range of 1.58–1.92 eV. Ag@ZnFe2O4/rGO NCs showed significant photocatalytic activity and exceptional adsorption capacities for the breakdown of methylene blue (MB) 95.7% and rhodamine B (RhB) 77.7% after 100 min. The synergistic interactions of Ag, ZnFe2O4, and rGO minimized NCs agglomeration and small particle size with higher surface area, resulting in a higher absorption in both UV and visible light. The photocatalysis mechanism was explored by scavenger test using ascorbic Acid, NaHCO3, and isopropyl alcohol. The magnetic studies revealed the paramagnetic nature of NCs. Frequency dependent dielectric data obey the modified Debye model with relaxation time of ∼10−4 s and spreading factor of 0.534 (±0.08). Complex impedance measurements support the grain-interior process that contributes to dielectric properties. The impedance-type humidity sensing characteristics of the fabricated sensor were investigated by exposing in a wide humidity range of 11–98% RH at ambient temperature. The Ag@ZnFe2O4/rGO sensor displayed an ultrahigh sensitivity when compared to traditional humidity sensors. On the basis of, Ag@ZnFe2O4/rGO NCs are exciting nanomaterials for outstanding photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organic dyes along with potent humidity sensor.

Enhanced anti-cancer potency of sustainably synthesized anisotropic silver nanoparticles as compared with L-asparaginase

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a hematologic cancer that involves the production of abnormal lymphoid precursor cells, primarily affects children aged 2 to 10 years. The bacterial enzyme L-asparaginase produced from Escherichia coli is utilised as first-line therapy, despite the fact that 30 % of patients have a treatment-limiting hypersensitivity reaction. The current study elucidates the biosynthesis of extremely stable, water-dispersible, anisotropic silver nanoparticles (ANI Ag NPs) at room temperature and investigation of its anti-tumor potency in comparison to L-asparaginase. The optical, morphological, compositional, and structural properties of synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated using UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffractometer. The UV–Vis-NIR spectra revealed the typical Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) at 423 nm along with additional NIR absorption at 962 nm and 1153 nm, while TEM images show different shapes and sizes of Ag nanoparticles ranging from 6.81 nm to 46 nm, together confirming their anisotropic nature. Further, the MTT assay demonstrated promising anticancer effects of ANI Ag NPs with an IC50 value of ∼7 μg/mL against HuT-78 cells. These sustainable anisotropic silver nanoparticles exhibited approximately four times better cytotoxic ability (at and above 10 μg/mL concentrations) than L-asparaginase against HuT-78 cells (a human T lymphoma cell line). Apoptosis analysis by Wright-Geimsa, Annexin-V, and DAPI staining indicated the role of apoptosis in ANI Ag NPs-mediated cell death. The measurement of NO, and Bcl2 and cleaved caspase-3 levels by colorimetric method and immunoblotting, respectively suggested their involvement in ANI Ag NPs-elicited apoptosis. The findings indicate that the biogenic approach proposed herein holds tremendous promise for the rapid and straightforward design of novel multifunctional nanoparticles for the treatment of T cell malignancies.

Impact of transparent conducting substrates on structural and optical of Titanium(IV) phthalocyanine dichloride (TiPcCl2) thin films

This study investigates the impact of transparent conducting substrates, specifically indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), on the structural and optical characteristics of thermally evaporated Titanium phthalocyanine chloride (TiPcCl2) thin films. The crystalline structure of TiPcCl2/quartz thin films was verified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns while amorphous phases were detected in TiPcCl2/ITO and TiPcCl2/FTO thin films. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images provided evidence that the morphology of TiPcCl2 thin films may be affected by a lattice mismatch between TiPcCl2 and substrates. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) also showed that the substrates did not change the molecular structure of TiPcCl2. UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy demonstrated that the substrates had a significant influence on the optical gap, optical constants, dielectric constant dielectric loss functions and optical conductivity of TiPcCl2 thin films. Lastly, the nonlinear susceptibility χ(3), the nonlinear refractive index n2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${{\\varvec{n}}}_{2}$$\\end{document} and the nonlinear absorption coefficient β(c) for TiPcCl2/ITO, TiPcCl2/FTO, and TiPcCl2/quartz were obtained using a semi-empirical approach. The changes seen in optical properties could be due to changes in the crystal structure and morphology, which are closely connected to the properties of the substrate material. Overall, the results for TiPcCl2 thin films are promising, and they are appropriate for novel optoelectronic device applications.

Co-precipitation vs. Green Synthesis: A Comparative Analysis of Structure, Morphology, Optical Properties, and Antibacterial Activity of Ag/ZnO Nanocomposite

Ag/ZnO nanocomposites were successfully prepared through co-precipitation (CS) and a green synthesis (GS) route mediated by Moringa Oleifera. The confirmation of their formation was evident from the simultaneous presence of Ag and ZnO reflections in powder X-ray diffraction. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis disclosed an average particle size of approximately 22 nm and 146 nm for CS and GS samples, respectively. The CS sample exhibited a disstinctive flower-like morphology, indicating a unique self-assembly and growth pattern, while the GS sample displayed an almost rectangular shape. Structural composition and functional groups in the nanocomposites were analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy. The direct band gaps were determined as 3.12 eV for CS and 3.10 eV for GS samples using a Tauc plot derived from UV-Vis NIR spectrometry. Notably, the antibacterial evaluation of the green-synthesized Ag/ZnO exhibited a pronounced zone of inhibition against both gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to chemically prepared Ag/ZnO. Overall, the study highlights the successful synthesis, structural characterization, and enhanced antibacterial properties of Ag/ZnO nanocomposites via a green route mediated by Moringa Oleifera. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Corrosion analysis and performance investigation of hybrid MXene/C-dot Nanofluid-Based direct absorption solar collector

Nanofluids having exceptional thermo-optical characteristics can enhance the performance of direct absorption solar collectors (DASC). Conventional nanofluids have either high optical properties or thermal properties. In this study, carbon quantum dot (C-dot) nanomaterial with high stability and optical absorption along the UV range, and MXene nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity and absorption along visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral range was selected for synthesizing a hybrid nanomaterial with synergistic thermo-optical properties. Hybrid MXene/C-dot nanofluid exhibits higher stability, thermal conductivity, and complementary absorption properties of individual nanomaterials. A two-step method was used for the synthesis of nanofluids using water as the base fluid. Thermal conductivity, UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy, and stability analysis were conducted on nanofluids, and the concentration was optimized for corrosion study and application in direct absorption parabolic trough collector (DAPTC). Optimised concentrations of C-dot, MXene, and hybrid nanofluids were 0.15 wt%, 0.1 wt% and 0.15 wt%, respectively. The corrosion study states that copper electrodes dipped in the hybrid nanofluid exhibited the least corrosion rate of 0.6 mm/year with an anticorrosion efficiency of 64.5 % over DI water. Thermal efficiency and entropy generation in the system with different HTFs were measured and compared with that of the base fluid. The study shows that C-dot and MXene/C-dot nanofluids were producing the highest efficiencies of 50.5 % and 47.5 % at a flow rate of 1.2 lpm. This study shows that hybrid MXene/C-dot nanofluid exhibited exceptional thermal stability, reduced corrosion effects, and considerable enhancement in photothermal conversion efficiency of the DASC.

Influence of calcination temperature on the morphology, structure, and spectral performance of chromium oxide

Cr(OH)3 was synthesized by a hydrothermal method using Na2Cr2O7 as precursor and starch as reducing agent. The resulting Cr(OH)3 was then calcined at different temperatures to produce Cr2O3 pigments. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS), UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and automated whiteness measurement (AWM) were used to characterize the crystalline phase, reflectivity, morphology and color of Cr2O3. At temperatures below 1000 °C, Cr2O3 was identified as the dominant phase during calcination. The results showed that when the calcination temperature was <1000 °C, the phase was identified as Cr2O3. When the calcination temperature was ≥1000 °C, some oxygen atoms (O) escaped from the Cr2O3 crystal structure to from Cr2O2.4, and a shift of the Cr2O3 diffraction peak to a higher angle was observed. XPS analysis revealed that the valence state of O in the samples subjected to calcination at both 700 °C and 1200 °C remained unchanged. However, the sample treated at 1200 °C displayed a distinct CrOx (X < 1.5) peak at 575.25 eV, indicating a lower oxidation state of Cr. Morphologically, a conversion from particle-shaped Cr2O3 to larger plate-like Cr2O2.4 structures was observed, with Cr2O3 being concentrated on the Cr2O2.4. The uneven distribution of crystal particles in chromium oxide samples led to an increase in reflectance and a decrease in brightness as a result of the presence of Cr2O3 and Cr2O2.4 with distinct structural forms.

Preparation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of the anticancer activity of Ce3+ doped CuFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles in MCF-7 cell lines

In the present study, we successfully prepared nanoparticles of Ce-doped Copper ferrite, CuCexFe2-xO4(x = 0.00, 0.03, and 0.05), in the nanoscale using the chemical co-precipitation technique. The structure, composition, optical properties, and morphological information of the obtained ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) were analyzed by making use of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FE-SEM) studies, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FT-IR) analysis, and Energy-dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and the UV–Vis-NIR Spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of CuCexFe2-xO4 nanoparticles (NPs) on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was evaluated using the MTT assay. The NPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with lower concentrations (<25 µg/mL) being safe and biocompatible, while higher concentrations reduced cell viability and disrupted L929 fibroblast cell lines. Double staining and flow cytometry experiments revealed that apoptosis is one of the mechanisms by which CuCexFe2-xO4 NPs induce cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found in the presence NPs. To harness the full potential of this nanoparticle formulation, it is recommended that future investigations encompass a wide range of in vitro and in vivo models. These subsequent studies will significantly contribute to the expanding body of knowledge concerning the synthesis of composite nanoparticle formulations for use as anticancer agents.

Exploring linear and nonlinear optical behaviour of morpholine p-nitrophenol crystal: Computational and experimental analysis

Optically good quality morpholine p-nitrophenol (MPN) crystal was effectively grown from a slow evaporation technique. Unit cell parameters of MPN were estimated by single crystal X-ray diffraction and it crystallizes in the P21/c space group. The existence of several functional groups in MPN is established by FTIR analysis. UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy inspected the lower cut-off wavelength and band gap energy of MPN. A fluorescence spectral analysis of MPN was carried out. Experimental and computational calculations of nonlinear optical activity have been studied. The second harmonic generation of MPN is 1.9 times greater than the reference KDP material. Using the Z-scan approach, the grown crystal's third-order NLO susceptibility (χ3) was determined. The laser damage threshold of MPN crystal is studied and it is estimated as 5.12 GW/cm2. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and molecular tying-up explorations were executed. Ground state enhanced geometry and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were analysed.

Effect of thickness on nonlinear optical properties of EZO thin films

In the present work, the effect of thickness on the nonlinear optical properties of Erbium-doped zinc oxide (EZO) films has been investigated. Erbium-doped zinc oxide (EZO-doping concentration of 0.4 wt%) ‘thin films’ of variable thickness were prepared by a spin coating method. The film thickness varied from 92–365 nm. EZO (0.4 wt%) samples were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV–vis-NIR spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The z-scan method was applied to measure non-linearity for closed and open aperture configurations. The deposited films were found to have a significant growth orientation along the plane of (002). The deposited films satisfy two-photon absorption as indicated by the minus sign of n2. The values of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility for the EZO (0.4 wt%) thin film sample were found in the range of 10–6 esu. The Erbium-doped ZnO (0.4 wt%) sample exhibited the best nonlinear behavior at a thickness of 280 nm (β = 8.90 × 10–6 cm W−1, n2 = −5.29 × 10–5 esu, (3) = 14.7 × 10–6 esu). The samples under investigation should pave the path for designing high-order optical limiter devices.

Optical and Surface Structure Modification of Gallium Arsenide

The surface morphology modification and optical property modification of semi-insulating gallium arsenide sample implanted with 100 keV silicon ions with the fluences ranging between 5 × 10[Formula: see text] and 4 × 10[Formula: see text] ion cm[Formula: see text] were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy study. Scanning electron microscopy study revealed pore-like structure formation on the surface of gallium arsenide samples after silicon ion implantation. The size of these pore-like structures was found to increase with increasing ion fluence. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed an increase in silicon concentration in the gallium arsenide sample after silicon ion implantation with increasing ion fluence. The UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy study revealed a decrease in optical transmission for silicon ion implanted gallium arsenide sample with increasing ion fluence. An additional absorption band was observed for the gallium arsenide sample implanted with the highest fluence (4 × 10[Formula: see text] ion cm[Formula: see text]. Urbach tail energy was found to increase with respect to ion fluence.

In-depth study of the photocatalytic performance of novel magnetic catalysts for efficient photocatalytic degradation of the dye orange G

Photocatalysts are often challenging to separate from solutions using conventional methods, presenting a significant hurdle to their practical utility. To tackle this issue, we have successfully developed a novel magnetic catalyst, Sr0.9M0.1Fe11.98Sm0.01Gd0.01O19, where (M=Ni, Zn, Mn, and Mg), via the auto-combustion sol-gel method. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a single-phase hexaferrite structure, with Rietveld refinement verifying the formation of a hexagonal lattice (space group P63/mmc) and crystallite sizes decreases with the doping elements. The formation of crystallographic sites in the hexaferrite structure was corroborated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while Raman spectroscopy indicated the presence of octahedral, tetrahedral, and trigonal-bipyramidal sites. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) affirmed both the morphology and chemical composition homogeneity. UV–Vis NIR spectroscopy revealed energy band gaps, confirming the nanoparticles as semiconductors. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further validated the oxidation states of ions and the presence of oxygen vacancies. Magnetic measurements confirmed the ferrimagnetic behavior of the nanoparticles. In the context of photocatalytic applications, the nanoparticles demonstrated their efficacy by degrading dye Orange G (OG) under UV–Vis irradiation (300–800 nm), achieving an efficiency range of 69% to 83% after 105 min of exposure. These results are a novelty in the present work, revealing the stability and reproducibility of nanoparticles, making it possible to successfully meet the challenges associated with recycling in photocatalytic processes.

Characterization of Turbid Biobased Polyurethane Thermosets by UV–Vis–NIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Data Analysis for In-Line Process Monitoring

Characterization of Turbid Biobased Polyurethane Thermosets by UV–Vis–NIR Spectroscopy Combined with Multivariate Data Analysis for In-Line Process Monitoring

Optical characterizations of lightly doped (PbS)1−x Znx thin films influenced by film thickness and annealing temperature for applications in highly intensive radiation systems

The lightly Zn-doped (PbS)1−x (Zn)x thin films were synthesized by the thermal deposition technique. The structure, morphology, and elemental analyses were carried out by XRD, SEM, and EDS, respectively, and characterised by UV–VIS–NIR spectroscopy. The optical absorption, transmission, and reflection have been studied and analysed. The linear and non-linear parameters have been determined, explained, and compared with the reported results. The effects of Zn-doping, film thickness, and annealing temperature on NLO-parameters have been considered. The better 2.78 × 10–10 and 2.93 × 10–10 esu values of the non-linear refractive index n2 and 3rd-order optical polarizability χ(3), respectively, were attained by (PbS)0.97 (Zn)0.03 film of 150 nm thick annealed at 200 °C.