UV Spectroscopy Research Articles

Preparation and characterization of chitosan-coated noisomal doxorubicin for enhanced its medical application

This study aimed to synthesize and characterize chitosan-coated noisomal doxorubicin for the purpose of enhancing its medical application, particularly in the field of cancer treatment. Doxorubicin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent, was encapsulated within noisomes, which are lipid-based nanocarriers known for their ability to efficiently deliver drugs to target sites. Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide, was used to coat the surface of the noisomes to improve their stability and enhance drug release properties. The synthesized chitosan-coated noisomal doxorubicin was subjected to various characterization techniques to evaluate its physicochemical properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a spherical structure with a diameter of 500–550 ± 5.45 nm and zeta potential of +11 ± 0.13 mV with no aggregation or agglomeration. Chitosan-coated noisomes can loaded doxorubicin with entrapping efficacy 75.19 ± 1.45%. While scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed well-defined pores within a fibrous surface. It is observed that chitosan-coated niosomes loading doxorubicin have optimum roughness (22.88 ± 0.71 nm). UV spectroscopy was employed to assess the drug encapsulation efficiency and release profile. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) helped determine the thermal behavior, which indicated a broad endotherm peak at 52.4 °C, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis provided information about the crystallinity of the formulation with an intense peak at 23.79°. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the formation of new bonds between the drug and the polymer. The findings from this study will contribute to the knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of the synthesized formulation, which is crucial for ensuring its stability, drug release kinetics, and biological activity. The enhanced chitosan-coated noisomal doxorubicin has the potential to improve the effectiveness and safety of doxorubicin in cancer treatment, offering a promising strategy for enhanced medical applications.

Chemical components with biological activities in the roots of Ilex pubescens

Two new triterpenoids, ilexsaponin U (1) and ilexsaponin V (2), and three new phenylpropanoids, pubescenoside S (3), pubescenoside T (38), and pubescenoside U (39), along with thirty-four existing compounds were isolated from the roots of Ilex pubescens. The elucidation of their structures involved comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, including IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR experiments. The anti-inflammatory effects of almost all the compounds were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Among these, compounds 1, 4, 8, 11, 12, 26, 27, 29 and 33 exhibited varying degrees of inhibition of inflammatory factors. Notably, compounds 1, 4 and 8 significantly inhibited the mRNA levels of iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα, comparable to or exceeding the effect of the positive control (dexamethasone, DEX). We also evaluated the cardioprotective effects of these compounds in OGD/R-induced H9c2 cells. The results revealed that compounds 2, 3, 7, 8, 26, 35, 36 and 37 at 20 μM significantly increased cell viability by 24.9 ± 3.4%, 28.0 ± 0.3%, 37.6 ± 0.2%, 44.86 ± 0.5%, 9.47 ± 2.1%, 23.9 ± 0.4%, 39.5 ± 3.1% and 28.2 ± 0.1%, respectively. Some of them exhibited effects equal to or greater than that of the positive control (diazoxide, DZ) at 100 μM, showing a 21.9 ± 3.0% increase.

Effects of conjugation of egg lysozyme to theaflavins on their structure and function

Proteins modified by polyphenols have more advantages. In this study, we investigated the effect of covalent conjugation of egg white lysozyme (LYZ) with theaflavin (TF) on its structure and related functions. The LYZ-TF covalent conjugation was prepared by an alkaline method (pH 9.0) with a branching rate of about 80%. The results such as SDS-PAGE and UV spectroscopy proved the formation of the covalent conjugation. The results of fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy showed that the conformation of the LYZ-TF coupling was altered, with an increase in α-helix content by more than 10% and an increase in surface hydrophobicity compared to LYZ. The results of relevant functional characterization experiments showed the thermal stability and antioxidant properties of LYZ modified by TF, but its enzymatic activity and in vitro antimicrobial properties were inhibited. Notably, the amount of TF addition also affected the structure and function of the conjugates. These results provide some theoretical guidance for the development of novel food functional materials with enhanced properties.

UV-Irradiation Effects on the Optical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone/Tin Chromium Disulphide Nanocomposite Films for their Application in Optoelectronic Devices

A nanocomposite (NC) film containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) polymers and tin chromium disulfide (Sn0.75Cr0.25S2) nanoparticles (NPs) was prepared using thermolysis and casting techniques. The prepared NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The induced alterations in the optical and color properties of the prepared PVA/CMC/PVP/Sn0.75Cr0.25S2 NC film due to UV irradiation, within fluences ranging from 10 to 80 Joule/cm2 (J/cm2), were characterized via UV spectroscopy and the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color changes techniques. As the UV fluence increased up to 80 J/cm2, the maximum fluence used, both the direct and indirect bandgaps decreased. We attribute this to the dominance of formed chain crosslinks that destroyed the ordered structure and, thus, increased the amorphous regions. The effect of UV irradiation on the absorbance, refractive index, real and imaginary dielectric parameters and optical conductivity of the NC samples were studied. Furthermore, the optical color changes between the pristine and the irradiated films were evaluated. The pristine NC film was uncolored. It showed significant color changes when irradiated with the UV radiation at increasing fluences up to 80 J/cm2. The changes in the optical properties of PVA/CMC/PVP/Sn0.75Cr0.25S2 NC film suggested its usage as a promising candidate for future optoelectronics characterization techniques.

Smartphone-assisted portable paper-based biosensors for rapid and sensitive detection of biomarkers in urine

In the increasing demand for real-time testing, the imperative for a straightforward, rapid, portable, and effective biosensor is evident. In this study, an intelligent paper-based biosensor was developed, employing cost-effective and readily available filter paper as a matrix to prepare boronate affinity paper-based materials. The immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from crude horseradish extract onto the material surface was realized. Ultimately, a cold assembly technique was employed to construct this intelligent paper-based biosensor, which combined with a smartphone APP, facilitated the easy, accurate, and simultaneous detection of the content of glucose (GLU), uric acid (UA), and sarcosine (SAR) in urine, significantly enhancing the convenience and practicality of real-time monitoring. Additionally, UV spectroscopy served as an auxiliary method to affirm the reliability of the detection outcomes. For the detection of GLU, UA, and SAR, the biosensor exhibited linear ranges of 2–200, 2–500, and 2–500 µmol L–1, respectively, with detection limits (LODs) of 1 µmol L–1 for all analytes. In practical urine sample analysis, the recovery rates of GLU, UA, and SAR detected by the intelligent paper-based biosensors were within a reasonable range, with relative standard deviations below 3.5 %. This fully demonstrates the high accuracy and reliability of the intelligent paper-based biosensor. The development of this low-cost, portable biosensor provides a new method for the detection of biomarkers related to H2O2.

Fractionation and characterization of Dunaliella microalgal biomass and extraction of carotenoids

This paper presents findings on the application of two fractionation protocols of Dunaliella microalgal biomass with the aim to separate and recover the lipid, pigment and protein fraction, leaving as “residue” the fraction that contains carbohydrates. The first protocol (LPC) is based on the initial extraction of lipids, followed by extraction of proteins, while in the second protocol (CLP), the pigments are first extracted followed by lipids extraction. With the LPC protocol the recovered lipid fraction was 34 and 32 wt%, while the recovered proteinic fraction was 46 and 50 wt% for the two samples under study, i.e. 1120 (D. granulata) and 1220 (D. minutissima). The CLP protocol led to the initial extraction of the pigment fraction with a percentage of 10–15 wt% while the subsequently recovered lipidic fraction was 16–24 wt%. The initial biomass was characterized for its moisture (<0.7 wt% for both samples), ash (approx. 45 wt% for both samples), organic matter, elemental composition and higher heating value (HHV) which was 23 and 30 MJ/kg (organic matter based-OMB). The composition of the lipid fraction was analyzed via esterification and gas chromatography (GC-FID) showing C16 and C18 as the predominant acids in the samples. The residue/carbohydrate fraction was analyzed via acid hydrolysis and analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) showing about 20 wt% (-OMB) content of carbohydrates. The high ash content of the biomass was found to be co-extracted during the fractionation protocols at a percentage of ≈49 % in the lipidic fraction and 45 % in the proteinic fraction. Furthermore, emphasis was given on pigment extraction and recovery using various solvents and quantification methods. Measurements of β-carotene, carotenoids, and chlorophyll content through UV and HPLC analyses is presented with chlorophyl and carotenoid content being ≈12 wt% and ≈9 wt% for samples 1120 and 1220 (-OMB). Additionally, a comparison between three solvents (THF, dichloromethane, acetone) was performed regarding their ability to extract the pigments from the microalgal biomass showing that acetone is capable of extracting pigments when concentration of the pigments is not high. The comparison of the HPLC with the UV method, suggested that UV spectroscopy is a reliable and rapid alternative for pigments determination, while HPLC enables identification and quantitative determination of specific pigments and chlorophyll species. The study provides insights for different fractionation protocols applied in two not yet fully studied Dunaliella species as well as the chlorophyl and carotenoid content.

New Phenylpropanoids and Disulphides Dimers from Ferula Kuhistanica.

Five undescribed compounds, including three phenylpropanoid derivatives, 4'-methoxycinnamyl isobutyrate (1), 4'-methoxycinnamyl-2"-methyl butyrate (2) and (2Z)-3',4'-dimethoxycinnamyl isovalerate (3) and two disulphides dimers, kuhistanicasulphide A (7) and kuhistanicasulphide B (8) together with five known ones, including three phenylpropanoids (4-6) and two disulphides (9-10), were isolated from the roots of Ferula kuhistanica Korovin. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including IR, UV, HRESIMS, NMR and quantum 13C NMR DP4+ probability. Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic (Hela, A549 and HT-29 cell lines) activities of the obtained compounds was tested, which compounds 4 and 5 demonstrated good anti-inflammatory with IC50 values of 25.41±2.30 μM and 31.70±3.82 μM, respectively.

Four new sesquiterpenoids from the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth. and their hypoglycemic activity

Four previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids (1–4), including two natural guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids (1–2), a rearranged guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid (3), and a norsesquiterpenoid (4), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth. Their chemical structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including UV, IR, NMR, HRESIMS, and CD spectroscopy. Compound 1 exhibited a good hypoglycemic activity with glucose uptake of 124.3% and 131.2% in myotubes, respectively, at the concentrations of 20 and 40 μM and showed no cytotoxicity. These findings provide a material basis for further research on P. cablin.

BIOPOLYMER CONTROLLED RELEASE SYSTEMS BASED ON HYDROLYZED COLLAGEN: RELATIONSHIP OF CRYOFORMING CONDITIONS, STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES

Biopolymer materials based on natural collagen (gelatin and hydrolyzed collagen) are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to their low toxicity, high biocompatibility, low antigenicity, and unique mechanical and technological properties. Hydrolyzed collagen, unlike gelatin, is formed by peptides with a lower molecular weight. It has higher bioavailability and biodegradability compared to gelatin. In this work, using low-temperature technologies, biopolymer matrices based on hydrolyzed collagen containing the antibacterial drug dioxidine were obtained. It has been shown that by varying such synthesis parameters such as the concentration of hydrolyzed collagen in the precursor solution (from 1 to 10%), matrix cross-linking time (0.1-24 hours), cryoforming temperature (-30 and -196 °C) it is possible to change the morphology and structure matrix, its degradation time and drug release time. The composition and structure of dioxidine/hydrolyzed collagen systems were characterized by SEM, IR and UV spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of the resulting dioxidine/hydrolyzed collagen systems against E. coli and S. aureus was characterized by the disk diffusion method.

Study on the mechanism of lignin non-productive adsorption on cellobiohydrolase

Enzymatic hydrolysis is important for lignocellulosic biomass conversion into fermentable sugars. However, the nonproductive adsorption of enzyme on lignin was major hinderance for the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. In this study, non-productive adsorption mechanism of cellulase component cellobiohydrolase (CBH) onto lignin was specific investigated. Research revealed that the adsorption behavior of CBH on eucalyptus alkali lignin (EuA) was affected by reaction conditions. As study on the adsorption kinetic, it was indicated that the adsorption cellulose binding domain (CBD) of CBH onto EuA well fitted with Langmuir adsorption model and pseudo second-order adsorption kinetics model. And the tyrosine site related to the adsorption of CBD onto lignin was proved by the fluorescence and UV spectra analysis. The results of this work provide a theoretical guidance to understanding the nonproductive adsorption mechanism and building method to reduce the adsorption of cellulase on the lignin.

Characterization, inhibition efficiency and DFT simulation of 1,2-bis(2-bromobenzylidene)hydrazine towards aluminum 1050 in H2SO4 1M

In this study, 1,2-bis(2-bromobenzylidene)hydrazine (BBBH) has been synthesized and for the first time its corrosion inhibition efficiency was studied for pure aluminum corrosion in 1M sulfuric acid using polarization curve technique. After treatment of experimental data at 298 K, the results revealed that the compound is a good inhibitor and the efficiency increase with its concentration, to attain 83.23 % for 600 ppm. The adsorption process of this Schiff base on aluminum surface obeys Langmuir isotherm. To complete the inhibition study, thermodynamic parameters including activation energy, Gibbs free energy, were discussed. In order to characterize the Aluminum surface, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DRX and X-ray photoelectron XPS were used to demonstrate the effect of the inhibitor and the formation of a protective layer. The molecular electronic structure of the title compound was established using the density functional theory (DFT) approach to understand molecular geometry, stability, and chemical reactivity. The FTIR, UV, 1H-NMR and Raman spectroscopy were further applied to examine its purity.

Biodegradation of monocrotophos by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and its potential in vitro plant growth promoting activities

Extensive field application of monocrotophos (MCP), an organophosphate pesticide to protect agricultural crops and yields, imposes severe environmental issues due to its long-term persistence in soil and water. Indigenous bacterial strain CAB5 was isolated from a severely monocrotophos-contaminated agricultural field in Mysuru, Karnataka. The strain was assessed for its ability to biodegrade monocrotophos and plant-growth promoting factors. CAB5, identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (OQ861256). It exhibited monocrotophos tolerance up to 1000 ppm by utilizing it as sole carbon source for metabolism and growth. S. maltophilia can produce several plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, including ammonia, cellulase, IAA, catalase, and phosphate solubilization. The optimal condition for CAB5 growth observed as pH 8, 37 ℃ temperature, and 96 h of incubation time, respectively. Biodegradation was analyzed by combining hyphenated techniques like UV spectroscopy and TLC, and the intermediate metabolites were analyzed by FT-IR and LC-MS. Dimethyl-phosphate, Trimethyl phosphate, and Cyclohexanone, 2-cyclohexylidene were the intermediate metabolites formed from biodegradation. It is concluded that S. maltophilia CAB5 could be an advantageous with the consortium-based formulated prototype for the refinement of polluted sites for toxic pollutants along with plant growth promotion.

Adhesion and Transparency Enhancement between Flexible Polyimide-PDMS Copolymerized Film and Copper Foil for LED Transparent Screen.

With the increasing demand for innovative electronic products, LED transparent screens are gradually entering the public eye. Polyimide (PI) materials combine high temperature resistance and high transparency, which can be used to prepare flexible copper-clad laminate substrates. The physical and chemical properties of PI materials differ from copper, such as their thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs), surface energy, etc. These differences affect the formation and stability of the interface between copper and PI films, resulting in a short life for LED transparent screens. To enhance PI-copper interfacial adhesion, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can be used to increase the adhesive ability. Two diamine monomers with a trifluoromethyl structure and a sulfone group structure were selected in this research. Bisphenol type A diether dianhydride is a dianhydride monomer. All three of the above monomers have non-coplanar structures and flexible structural units. The adhesion and optical properties can be improved between the interface of the synthesized PI films and copper foil. PI films containing PDMS 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt% were analyzed using UV spectroscopy. The transmittance of the PI-1/3%, PI-1/5%, PI-2/3%, and PI-2/5% films were all more than 80% at 450 nm. Meanwhile, the Td 5% and Td 10% heat loss and Tg temperatures decreased gradually with the increase in PDMS. The peel adhesion of PI-copper foil was measured using a 180° peel assay. The effect of PDMS addition on peel adhesion was analyzed. PIs-3% films had the greatest peeling intensities of 0.98 N/mm and 0.85 N/mm.

Advancing thermal stability analysis of haloperidol: Integrative approaches and optimization strategies for enhanced pharmaceutical formulations

This study investigates the thermal stability of haloperidol, a crucial pharmaceutical compound, employing a multidimensional approach encompassing UV spectrometry, thermal degradation studies, kinetics analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The UV spectrometry method demonstrates exceptional linearity across a concentration range of 2–34 µg/ml, meeting stringent industry standards. Thermal degradation studies affirm the compound's stability when exposed to 80°C for 6 h. Kinetic analysis indicates a first-order reaction for the degradation process, with activation energy values suggesting a sluggish degradation profile under diverse heat stress conditions. FTIR analysis underscores the consistency of haloperidol's molecular structure across varying temperatures, while XRD confirms the retention of its crystalline form even under heat stress. DSC analysis unveils a melting temperature of 150°C, indicative of initial melting preceding degradation. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization identifies the conservation conditions effects (temperature and time)to minimize degradation, a finding substantiated by predictions from the Improved Grey Wolf Optimization (IGWO) algorithm and subsequent experimental validation. Furthermore, a bespoke MATLAB application is developed to streamline and enhance the accuracy of the complex optimization processes. This tool offers advanced features for predicting and optimizing haloperidol degradation rates, catering to the needs of both researchers and industry professionals. In essence, this study not only sheds light on the thermal stability of haloperidol but also provides practical tools and insights crucial for optimizing its stability under diverse environmental conditions, thereby bolstering its pharmaceutical applicability and efficacy.

A novel diterpenic derivative produced by Streptomyces chrestomyceticus ADP4 is a potent inhibitor of biofilm and virulence factors in Candida albicans and C. auris.

Isolation, identification, structural and functional characterization of potent anti-Candida compound with specific antagonistic activities against significant human pathogens, Candida albicans and C. auris. The compound (55B3) was purified from the metabolites produced by Streptomyces chrestomyceticus ADP4 by employing column chromatography. The structure of 55B3 was determined from the analyses of spectral data that included LCMS, nuclear magnetic resonance, FTIR, and UV spectroscopies. It was identified as a novel derivative of diterpenic aromatic acid, 3-(dictyotin-11'-oate-15'α, 19'β-olide)-4-(dictyotin-11'-oate-15″α, 19″β-olide)-protocatechoic acid. The compound displayed potent antifungal and anti-biofilm activities against C. albicans ATCC 10231 (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, MIC90:14.94±0.17 μgmL-1 and MBIC90: 16.03±1.1 μgmL-1) and against C. auris CBS 12372 (MIC90: 21.75±1.5 μgmL-1 and Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration, MBIC90: 18.38±1.78 μgmL-1). Further, pronounced inhibition of important virulence attributes of Candida spp., e.g. yeast-to-hyphae transition, secretory aspartyl proteinase and phospholipase B by 55B3 was noted at subinhibitory concentrations. A plausible mechanism of anti-Candida action of the compound appeared to be the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, which was inhibited by 64±3% at the MIC90 value. The non-cytotoxic attribute of the compound was noted in the liver cell line (HepG2 cells). The present work led to the discovery of a novel diterpenic derivative produced by S. chrestomyceticus ADP4. The compound displayed potent anti-Candida activity, particularly against the two most significant human pathogens, C. albicans and C. auris, which underlined its significance as a potential drug candidate for infections involving these pathogens.

Porous g-C3N4-based nanoarchitectures by playing with sustainable precursors: Role of urea/melamine ratio on the structure/properties relationship

In this study, porous g-C3N4 based nanoarchitectures were obtained by a facile and effective in-situ synthesis method, that entailed the thermal treatment of different melamine (M) and urea (U) precursor mass ratios (in particular M/U = 50:50, 20:80), which were then compared with g-C3N4 obtained from pure M and U. The role of the melamine/urea mass ratio on morphology, structure, surface area, porosity, optical and vibrational properties of the g-C3N4 -based materials, was analysed in detail by means of many characterization techniques, including FESEM, AFM , XRD, HRTEM, Raman, FTIR, UV and PL spectroscopies, BET and TGA analyses. It will be shown that samples obtained from different M and U precursor mass ratios combine the advantage of high thermal stability and significant reaction yields, which are due to melamine action, and greatly improved surface area and short migration paths, which are due to urea effect, thus providing the suitable conditions for charge transfer within the interfaces. The results may shed light on effective improvements in the structure/properties of g-C3N4 based nanoarchitectures, aiming at peculiar functional materials.

Rare Earth Nd3+ Doping Cobalt-Cadmium Nanoferrites Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties and Applications

Nanoscale particles of neodymium-substituted cobalt-cadmium generic formula for nanoferrite Co0.4Cd0.6NdxFe2−xO4 samples at X = 0.000, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007, 0.009, and 0.011 were studied. The prepared powders were synthesised at low temperatures using citrate gel auto-combustion process. The synthesised powders were calcined at 500 °C for four hours. The morphological properties of the sintered powders were investigated, and their crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD peaks confirmed the spinel ferrite structure. The lattice parameter was calculated from the XRD and showed decreasing trends with 8.442 to 8.308. SEM revealed an irregularly-shaped grain morphology with a homogeneous distribution. Raman spectroscopy analysis showed slight frequency changes in the Raman modes in doped samples, attributed to variations in the cation distribution. The peaks are located at 191, 291, 461, 591, and 671 cm−1. UV spectroscopy studies showed that the energy band gap values decrease with increasing Nd3+ concentration. Direct optical band gap values obtained were 1.238, 1.248, 1.199, 1.135, 1.134, and 1.101 eV with increasing Nd doping. The magnetic hysteresis properties were determined using a SQUID-VSM magnetometer. The hysteresis curves of Co0.4Cd0.6NdxFe2−xO4 nanoparticles show an increase in coercivity with increasing doping concentration. This enhancement is attributed to the multi-domain behaviour.

Preparation and Characterization of CuS Nanoparticles

This study focuses on producing Copper sulphide (CuS) nanoparticles via the sol–gel technique. Characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, UV spectroscopy, and PL spectroscopy were used to analyze the samples. Various Nanocomposites were created through sol–gel and electro-polishing techniques, yielding core-shell nanostructures via oxidation or sulfidation treatment. These CuS nanocomposites displayed distinct optical absorption peaks reflecting their structural characteristics. Notably, sol–gel methodologies successfully generated copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles sized between 30[Formula: see text]nm and 40[Formula: see text]nm. This result is verified by XRD data and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images in this study.

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF NEW COMPLEXES BASED ON SILVER NANOPARTICLES, BISACETYLACETONETHYLENEDIIMINE REAGENT AND CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE

This article provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between azo reagents and silver nanoparticles (AgNP), highlighting significant advances in analytical chemistry and materials science. The integration of silver nanoparticles with azo compounds has shown remarkable improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, and catalytic activity, leading to new applications in various fields. The article highlights the principles of ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), discusses experimental methodologies, and elucidates the insights gained into the nature of the complexes formed between silver nanoparticles and azo compounds. Today, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is widespread due to their many applications in various fields. In the presented article, silver nanoparticles were obtained by the green synthesis method. At the same time, the bisacetylacetonethylenediimine (R) reagent was synthesized and new complexes of nanoparticles were synthesized based on the cetylacetonethylenediimine (CTAB) reagent and acetyl trimethylammonium bromide. The complexes were investigated by UV spectroscopy and the optimal formation conditions were determined. It was determined that the optimal formation of the complex is observed at concentrations of 0.01 M of silver nanoparticles, 10-³ M of the reactant, and 0.5% of the surfactant. UV analysis of the synthesized complexes was conducted, and it was determined that the R reagent gives a maximum peak at the wavelength of 223 nm, 270 nm, 299 nm. During the UV study of the synthesized complexes, it was determined that the binary complex is 227 nm, 272 nm, 308 nm, and the maximum wavelength of the peaks of the ternary complex formed by adding CTAB as a stabilizer is 214 nm, 243 nm, 285 nm. Keywords: silver, nanoparticle, CTAB, complex, reagent.

Benzimidazole derivatives as a new scaffold of anticancer agents: Synthesis, optical properties, crystal structure and DFT calculations

The absolute necessity to fight some class of tumour is perceived as serious health concerns, and the discovery and development of effective anticancer agents are urgently needed. So, the novel benzimidazole derivatives (2a-b) were designed, synthesized, with their structures rigorously characterized using single X-ray crystallography, FT-IR, UV, and NMR spectroscopy, alongside elemental analysis. The geometric structures were optimized using density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed at the ωB97X-D/cc-pVDZ level, yielding good agreement with experimental XRD data. The studied salt complexes exhibited the ability to absorb UV light at 275 nm. Furthermore, anticancer activity of the compounds was screened against (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HT-29 and healthy cell line (HF)) and revealed the remarkable efficacy of select newly synthesized Benzimidazole derivatives (2a-b). Compound 2a showed relative significant higher cytotoxicity (165.02) in MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line. This underscores their promising potential in therapeutic applications, affirming their role as valuable contenders in the pursuit of novel anticancer agents.