UV Spectrophotometry Method Research Articles

Solubility of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Hydrochloride in Water

Objectives: This study aims to determine the solubility of amoxicillin trihydrate hydrochloride in water at different temperatures, addressing the scarcity of solubility data for this substance in the literature. The research focuses on the solubility behavior of the semi-synthetic antibiotic, part of the β-lactam group, widely used orally. Theoretical Framework: Amoxicillin is a β-lactam antibiotic of great therapeutic importance. Its solubility is relevant to the effectiveness of oral formulations and varies according to temperature. The literature on the solubility equilibrium of this compound is limited, motivating new studies that assist in the development of pharmaceutical solutions and the understanding of its physicochemical properties. Method: The solubility of amoxicillin trihydrate hydrochloride was determined at three temperatures: 298.15 K, 309.15 K, and 318.15 K, using the UV spectrophotometry method. The experiment involved 3 hours of stirring and 2 hours of decantation, with a 1 mL aliquot taken for analysis. The samples were diluted in 100 mL volumetric flasks and analyzed by spectrophotometer. Results and Discussion: The experimental results allowed correlating the solubility of amoxicillin trihydrate hydrochloride with empirical equations from the literature. The solubilities obtained demonstrated precision, with low relative deviation between the experimental values and those calculated by the equations. This indicates that the empirical models are adequate for predicting solubility behavior at different temperatures. Research Implications: The research contributes to enriching the solubility database of antibiotics, essential for drug formulation and the development of new therapeutic applications. The precision of the experimental data supports future studies in the field of pharmacology and chemical engineering, particularly in the context of solid and liquid formulations. Originality/Value: The study is original in addressing the solubility of amoxicillin trihydrate hydrochloride in water at different temperatures, filling a gap in the literature. Additionally, the use of UV spectrophotometry and the correlation of the data with empirical equations reinforce the validity of the results, making it valuable for researchers and professionals in the pharmaceutical sector.

ISOLATION AND ANALYSIS OF NATIVE DNA AND RNA FROM ROOTS OF RUBBER-PRODUCING SPECIES SCORZONERA TAU-SAGHYZ LIPSCH. ET G.G. BOSSE

Scorzonera tau-saghyz Lipsch. et G.G.Bosse, is endemic species, growing in South Kazakhstan and alternative (to Hevea brasilians) source of natural rubber, related to the Asteraceae Family. Natural rubber (NR) is an indispensable raw material for the production of different products for medicine, automotive and aviation industries. The introduction of tau-saghyz into the culture will make it possible to obtain NC not only in Kazakhstan, but also on the territory of the countries of the Northern latitudes. At the growing phases of ontogenesis of tau-saghyz (April-June) latex is actively synthesized in the leaves and transported to the roots. In our experiments it was necessary to conduct molecular genetic studies of the selected forms of tau-saghyz with high rubber concentration. In this regard, it became necessary to isolate and analyze native DNA and RNA from dry roots. Samples with the highest rubber content were used for DNA extraction. The main problem in the isolation of DNA from the dry roots of tau-saghyz is the significant content of natural rubber. In this research the following commercial kits were used: 1) DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagene); 2) GenElute Plant Genomic DNA Miniprep Kit (Sigma); 3) NucleoSpin® Plant II / Midi / Maxi kit (Macherey-Nagel). Further DNA isolation was carried out in accordance with the kit manufacturer's protocol. Quantitative DNA analysis was performed using both UV spectrophotometry (Nanodrop) and fluorometric analysis (Qubit) method. DNA extracted by the 2 kit (Sigma) was further purified by precipitation with ethanol and demonstrates satisfactory quality. Functional analysis of isolated DNA samples was performed both by restriction analysis and by DNA amplification. It is worth to mention that for reaction primers that are characteristic of gene AACT (ACETOACETYL-COA TRANSFERASE) Cucumis melo were used. This enzyme catalyzes the first reaction of biosynthesis in the mevalonate pathway, which the final product is IDP (isopentenyl diphosphate). The cis-prenyltransferase (CPT) enzyme catalyzes the biosynthesis of rubber by the sequential addition of IDP to the terminal group of the initiating allylic pyrophosphate (APP). As a result of PCR analysis a putative 1200 bp AAST gene for tau-saghyz was identified. In this study two methods of RNA isolation were chosen: 1. A method widely used for plants of the Cucurbitaceae family; 2. A method approved for plants with a high content of polyphenols. The RNA isolation was carried out as described in the relevant protocols with minor modifications (Verwoerd TC, Dekker BMM, Hoekema A (1989) A small-scale procedure for the rapid isolation of plant RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 17:2362). The final precipitates were dissolved in 50 µl of water pretreated with diethylpyrocarbonate. Quantitative analysis of RNA was carried out using UV spectrophotometry (Nanodrop). Functional analysis of extracted RNA samples was conducted by cDNA synthesis with usage of reverse transcriptase Superscript IV with the following amplification in PCR. In this reaction the primers specific for CPT gene of Taraxacum kok-saghyz were used. The prospective CPT gene was excised from the gel, purified and cloned into the pJET vector. In the further research it is planned to perform its sequencing and comparison with the CPT gene of Taraxacum kok-saghyz and Hevea brasiliensis.

Development and validation of UV-spectrophotometry method for quantitative determination of amorphous darunavir

Introduction. Darunavir as an effective antiretroviral drug is widely used in clinical practice, including for the treatment of pediatric patients, as well as pregnant women, and for personalized therapy. Currently darunavir is used in the production of finished dosage forms, both in the form of crystalline ethanolate and in the form of an amorphous substance. In this regard, there is a need to develop and improve methods for the quantitative determination of darunavir. As an inexpensive and effective alternative to common chromatographic and titrimetric methods, spectrophotometric determination of darunavir in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum (UV spectrophotometry) may be used.Aim. To develop and validate a method for the quantitative determination of amorphous darunavir in the substance by UV spectrophotometry.Materials and methods. The following substances and consumables were used for the research: powdered amorphous darunavir substance (USP); darunavir reference standard (MSN Pharmachem Pvt. Ltd., India); methanol for HPLC Gradient Grade 99.9 % (High purity); acetonitrile for HPLC Gradient Grade 99.9 %; glacial acetic acid for HPLC; 0.1 M perchloric acid solution (in anhydrous acetic acid) for titration in non-aqueous media; nylon syringe filters with a pore diameter of 0.22 microns. Spectrophotometric determination of darunavir was carried out using an Cary 60 spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies, USA) and a UNICO 2800 spectrophotometer (United Products & Instruments, Inc., USA). To prepare standard solutions, we used analytical balance Analytical Balance MS105/A (METTLER TOLEDO, Switzerland), analytical balance GH-120 (AND, Japan) class A measuring glassware, graduated pipettes ISOLAB.Results and discussion. The method was developed and validated for the following characteristics: specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, analytical range. According to the study results, the main validation characteristics of the method meet the acceptance criteria.Conclusion. A new method for the quantitative determination of amorphous darunavir by UV spectrophotometry was successfully developed and validated. The method may be used to control the quality of substances of amorphous darunavir, including the intrapharmaceutical control.

Comparative evaluation of bioavailability of Botulinum toxin A complexed with Tizol (titanium glycerosolvate aquacomplex) versus pure Botulinum toxin A solution for bladder mucosa: an experimental study

Introduction. For the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), injection of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) has been shown to be effective. However, there is a need for a less invasive method for administering BoNT-A, which could significantly expand the treatment options for OAB.Objective. To assess the impact of tizol on the absorption of BoNT-A by the bladder mucosa and compare it to the individual absorption of BoNT-A.Materials & Methods. Dialysis through the mucous membrane of the сalf bladder was used as an experimental model to study changes in bioavailability of BoNT-A complexed with tisol (BoNT-A + T) and pure BoNT-A solution during in vitro experiment. After dialysis, the BoNT-A concentration in both samples was determined using a spectrophotometer. Dialysis curves were plotted according to the data obtained. Kruvchinsky equilibrium dialysis method was used to determine botulinum toxin A bioavailability. The UV spectrophotometry method was used to determine the concentration of BoNT-A in the acceptor medium by reaction of BoNT-A with Benedict's reagent.Results. It was established that the maximum concentration of BoNT-A diffused into the acceptor medium from the blend of the test substance with tizol after nine hours. The area under the curve for dialysis of BoNT-A + T exceeds the area under the curve of pure BoNT-A by almost 20%, suggesting an improvement in the drug's bioavailability when blended with tizol.Conclusion. Based on our experiment, it was found out that the BoNT-A + T has greater bioavailability than a solution of pure BoNT-A. However, the diffusion rate of the component mixture is sufficiently low.

<i>In-vitro</i> dissolution profiles comparison for various drugs with active ingredient Febuxostat commercially available on the Russian market

Introduction. Gout treatment drugs are widely represented on the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation, including those with INN febuxostat. These drugs differ in excipients composition, in the dosage form (tablets and capsules) and production technology. The Dissolution Kinetics Test was chosen to assess the rate and extent of active ingredient release for drugs with INN febuxostat for different manufacturers as in vitro test dissolution allows to suggest the release from the dosage form in vivo. The rate and percent of active substance release are factors that have a direct impact on the bioavailability of drugs. Drug release was studied in a phosphate buffer solution pH 6.8, sampling was carried out at time points 0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 and 45 min. The analysis of the obtained solutions was carried out using the UV spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 317 nm. The comparison of dissolution profiles was carried out in accordance with the requirements of Decision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission dated November 3, 2016 N 85 "On approval of the Rules for conducting bioequivalence studies of medicinal products within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union". The purpose of the study. The purpose of this study was to compare the kinetics of the release of the active substance febuxostat from drugs registered in the territory of the Russian Federation in the form of tablets and capsules. Materials and methods. Drug release studies were performed using the Sotax dissolution tester AT Xtend, Switzerland. Each drug was analyzed in 12 repetitions in a pH 6.8 phosphate buffer dissolution medium, on a "Paddle apparatus", special sinkers were used for capsule dosage forms. The selected samples were analyzed on a Shimadzu UV 1800 UV spectrophotometer, Japan, at a wavelength of 317 nm. Results. Dissolution profile studies for three drugs with the active substance febuxostat were conducted in a phosphate buffer solution pH 6,8. For the studied drugs, the release of febuxostat was observed to be more than 85 % at 15 minutes. The release profiles can be recognized as equivalent without further mathematical processing. Conclusion. Based on the results of dissolution profile studies, no differences were found in dissolution profiles of febuxostat from drugs with different dosage forms (tablets and capsules).

Formulation and Validation of An Analytical Method for the Estimation of Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tablets

Background Rabeprazole sodium is a proton pump inhibitor used for the treatment of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease by inhibiting the enzyme HKATPase the acidic pump. In addition erosive esophagitis and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are treated with it.In this study the objective was to develop a pharmaceutically stable and cost-effective and quality-improved formulation and UV spectrophotometry method have been developed to estimate Rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets. To achieve these goals various prototype formulation trails will be taken and evaluated.Methods Rabeprazole sodium prolonged release tablets were prepared by direct compression technique used to the different excipients as well as varying concentrations of polymer proportion using HPMC phthalate 55 which is an enteric coating material.Results The results indicated that the final product formulation 12 met all the specifications of the physical properties and invitation release and is comparable to the innovator product.Conclusions In the present study Rabeprazole enteric-coated tablets were prepared using HPMC phthalate 55 enteric polymer. Formulation 12 was found to be the best of all formulations showing drug release that matches the innovator product so all quality control tests were performed for conformation for the formulation. The tablets were tested for acid release during the stability period and the results confirmed that the results were within the limits.

Quality assessment of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Ilorin, Nigeria

Hydroquinone, Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) are hazardous to health upon long-term exposure. Hydroquinone, Hg, and As were analysed in skin-lightening cosmetics randomly purchased from different cosmetic outlets within the Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. The amount of hydroquinone in the samples was determined using a UV-spectrophotometry method at 290 nm. Hg and As were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). UV-spectrophotometry method validation showed excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9993), with limits of detection (0.75 µg/mL), limits of quantification (2.28 µg/mL), relative standard deviation (0.01–0.35%), and recovery (95.85–103.56%) in the concentration range of 5–50 µg/mL. Similarly, r2, LOD, and LOQ for Hg and As were 0.9983 and 0.9991, (0.5 and 1.0 µg/L) and 1.65 and 3.3 µg/L) respectively. All the samples contained hydroquinone, Hg and As in varying amounts. The amounts of hydroquinone, Hg and As present were in the ranges of 1.9–3.3%, 0.08–2.52 µg/g and 0.07–5.30 µg/g respectively. Only three of the analysed samples contained hydroquinone within the permissible limit of 2.0% w/w in cosmetic products. All the samples analysed contained mercury and arsenic in varying amounts. The need to periodically monitor the levels of hydroquinone, mercury, and arsenic in skin-lightening cosmetics marketed in Nigeria is recommended.

Differences In Destruction Time and Determination of Generic and Trademark Paracetamol Tablets Using UV Spectrophotometry Method

Paracetamol is one of the most widely used antipyretic analgesic drugs in the community. Paracetamol in circulation, both generic and trademarked, is generally given in the form of tablets containing 500 mg of the active ingredient. At this time people prefer to use trademarked paracetamol tablets with the assumption that trademarked drugs are more efficacious than generic drugs. This study aims to determine the difference in disintegration time and content of generic paracetamol tablets with trademarks. The study was conducted on 2 samples of generic paracetamol tablets with 2 samples of paracetamol tablets of different brands. The results of the disintegration time test showed that the average of generic A paracetamol tablets was 8.41 minutes, generic B 1.2 minutes, trademark A 2.14 minutes, trademark B 1.2 minutes. While the results of the average level test obtained paracetamol tablets generic A 109.87% generic B 105.95% trademark A 103.28% trademark B 92.49% with categories according to the standards set in the literature. The results of the Paired Sample T-test on disintegration time obtained a value of 0.006 and the results on the level test of 1.00 so that it can be concluded that between generic and trademarked paracetamol tablets only have differences in disintegration time with the same concentration.

Study on monomer functional suitability toward sofosbuvir in molecularly imprinted polymer: In silico and experimental study

Sofosbuvir (SOF) is an anti-HCV (Hepatitis C Virus) used as an off-label drug in treating COVID-19 and the usage requires good therapeutic drug monitoring, with analytical and suitable sample preparation methods. Therefore, this research aimed to apply in silico and laboratory testing in preparing SOF molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP). MIP is expected to improve sample preparation performance. The best functional monomer and porogen selection were determined through the use of Density Functional Theory (DFT) method with the B3LYP basis set 6–31G (d,p) and molecular dynamics simulation. The association constant test and Jobs plot were determined by the UV spectrophotometry and MIP synthesis method was conducted by bulk and precipitation polymerization. The polymer particles underwent characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that methacrylic acid (MAA) and acetonitrile were the best functional monomer and porogen for synthesis. Precipitation polymerization yielded superior outcomes in terms of polymer homogeneity and adsorption capability compared to bulk polymerization. Polymer, MIP B, with a composition ratio of template:functional monomer:cross-linkers = 1:1:20, which was synthesized by the precipitation method, provided the best adsorption capability in all solvents tested, and had an imprinting factor of 1.15.

UV SPECTROSCOPIC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF FAVIPIRAVIR

A new, accurate, and easy-to-use UV-spectrophotometry method for analyzing favipiravir in both bulk and tablet forms has been developed. Favipiravir, an antiviral drug, is classified as a modified pyrazine analogue and is also known as 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide. The drug’s concentration was determined by measuring zero-order derivative values at a wavelength of 323 nm. A linear plot was constructed, demonstrating linearity within the concentration range of 4-20 µg mL-1, with an impressive correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9997 for the zero-order spectrophotometry method. The method’s limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 0.08 g and 0.26 g, respectively. All suggested methods were rigorously tested to make sure they met the standards set by the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. The developed spectrophotometry method for analyzing favipiravir in both bulk and tablet forms are characterized by their linearity, accuracy, precision and sensitivity.

A Review on Various Analytical Methodologies of Naproxen

Naproxen is a Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID). It is mostly used to treat pain or inflammation caused by conditions such as arthritis, gout, tendinitis or menstrual cramps. Naproxen is available in isolated dose with various similar anti-inflammatory drugs, i.e.; esomeprazole, pantoprazole, paracetamol, ranitidine, sumatriptan and ibuprofen. This survey evaluates various methods for the analysis of Naproxen in bulk drugs and formulated products. Analytical procedures are critical for determining compositions, they allow as to obtain both qualitative and quantitative results utilizing by the advanced analytical tools. This include HPLC, HPTLC, UV- spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, and electrochemical meth-ods. The UV-spectrophotometry method is applied for the investigation of Naproxen in biologi-cal media, bulk samples and in various dosage formulations. The HPLC technique of Naproxen alone and the combination, including parameters such as matrix, stationary phase, mobile phase, wavelength detection, etc. HPTLC method parameters such as stationary phase, mobile combi-nation phase, RF value, etc. To maintain high commercial product quality standards and to ad-here to regulatory requirements, analytical technique development is necessary. Drug concen-trations are measured using bioanalytical techniques. Development and validation of bioanalyt-ical method is important to understand the pharmacokinetics of any drug and/or its metabolites.

A Validated, Fast and Simple, Simultaneous Determination of Captopril and Telmisartan in Laboratory Prepared Mixture for Use in Haemodialysis Patients Suffering from Inflammation

Captopril and telmisartan are widely used anti-hypertensive drugs, and their fixed dose combination is under phase IV trials. In the present study, spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC methods were successfully developed and validated per standard regulations. In UV spectrophotometry method concentrations of captopril and telmisartan in a synthetic mixture prepared in the laboratory were determined using the simultaneous equation method. The linearity was found 8 to 40 μg/mL for captopril and 5 to 25 μg/mL for telmisartan. The R2 (Coefficient of Correlation) value was found to be 0.999 for both drugs. The %assays of the conc. of captopril and telmisartan in synthetic mixture were found in an acceptable range. In the RP-HPLC method %assay was found to be 100.05 and 100.16% with %RSD value of 0.34 and 0.58 for captopril and telmisartan, respectively. The proposed UV and RP-HPLC method simultaneous estimation of captopril and telmisartan has potential application for qualitative identification as well as quantitative determination.

Application of UV spectrophotometry and reversed-phase HPLC to determine the ionization constant of a new biologically active compound

Aim to determine the ionization constant (pKa) of the biologically active compound 2-ABPPC by UV spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
 Material and methods. The object of the study was the substance 2-ABPPC (2-amino-1-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-3- carboxamide). The methods of UV spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the ionization constant. The spectrophotometric analysis was carried out on a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer. The chromatographic determination of the pKa value was carried out on an LC-20 Prominence liquid chromatograph (Shimadzu) using a Zorbax Extend-C18 reversed-phase column.
 Results. In the course of study, it was found that 2-ABPPC has one pKa value. When using two different methods to estimate the ionization constant, the comparable results were obtained: 7.64 (UV spectrophotometry method) and 7.40 (reversed phase HPLC method).

Wild vs. Cultivated Zingiber striolatum Diels: Nutritional and Biological Activity Differences.

Compositional, functional, and nutritional properties are important for the use-value assessments of wild and cultivated edible plants. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, volatile compounds, and potential biological activities of cultivated and wild Zingiber striolatum. Various substances, such as soluble sugars, mineral elements, vitamins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and volatiles, were measured and analyzed using UV spectrophotometry, ICP-OES, HPLC, and GC-MS methods. The antioxidant capacity of a methanol extract of Z. striolatum, as well as the hypoglycemic abilities of its ethanol and water extracts, were tested. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and total saponin in the cultivated samples were higher, while the wild samples contained higher amounts of K, Na, Se, vitamin C, and total amino acids. The cultivated Z. striolatum also showed a higher antioxidant potential, while the wild Z. striolatum exhibited a better hypoglycemic activity. Thirty-three volatile compounds were identified using GC-MS in two plants, with esters and hydrocarbons being the main volatile compounds. This study demonstrated that both cultivated and wild Z. striolatum have a good nutritional value and biological activity, and can be used as a source of nutritional supplementation or even in medication.

High Prevalence of blaNDM Among Carbapenem Non-Susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Tunisian Hospital First Report of blaNDM-9, blaKPC-20, and blaKPC-26 Genes.

Fifty-four carbapenem non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CNSKP) isolates were collected from a Tunisian hospital over a period of 13 consecutive months. Carbapenemase production and the prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes were investigated using combined-disk test (CDT), modified Carba NP (mCarba NP) test, and UV-spectrophotometry method complemented by PCR experiments and sequencing. Carbapenemase production was detected by the mCarba NP test and CDT in 92.59% and 96.29% of the 54 CNSKP isolates, respectively; while imipenem hydrolysis was detected using UV-spectrophotometry in the crude extracts of 44 isolates. blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like, and blaKPC carbapenemase-encoding genes were found in 48, 31, and 22 isolates, respectively. Remarkably, blaNDM-9, blaKPC-20, and blaKPC-26 genes were reported. The co-occurrence of carbapenemase-encoding genes in a single isolate was detected in 62.96% of the isolates. The analysis of clonal relationships between the isolates by pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed that the majority of them were genetically unrelated. Our investigation provides molecular data on enzymatic mechanism of carbapenem non-susceptibility among 54 CNSKP showing the dominance of blaNDM, and comprises the first identification of blaNDM-9, blaKPC-20, and blaKPC-26 genes in a Tunisia hospital.

Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Lercanidipine Hydrochloride and Enalapril Maleate

The fixed dose of lercanidipine hydrochloride(LH) and enalapril maleate (EM) is used to provide more effective control of hypertension. The research work was aimed at the development and validation of simple and sensitive analytical methods for their quantification from tablets. The simultaneous equation, first-order derivative, and multivariate spectrophotometric methods were developed for the simultaneous estimation of LH and EM in tablets. The simultaneous equation method involves a determination of LH and EM at 236 nm and 207 nm, respectively. First order derivative UV spectrophotometry method involves using a zero crossing point of LH at 330 nm and EM at 219 nm. Both methods were validated as per ICH Q2 (R2) guidelines and found to be accurate and precise as they exhibited <2% relative standard deviation. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for LH were found to be 0.26 μg/ml and 0.78 μg/ml respectively whereas LOD and LOQ for EM were found to be 0.41 μg/ml and 1.24 μg/ml respectively for simultaneous equation method. The LOD and LOQ for LH were found to be 0.39 μg/ml and 1.19 μg/ml respectively whereas LOD and LOQ for EM were found to be 0.31 μg/ml and 0.97μg/ml respectively for the first-order derivative method. Three Chemometric methods namely classical least square (CLS), principal component regression (PCR), and partial least square (PLS) were studied for the simultaneous determination of LH and EM in tablets using spectrophotometry. A set of 25 standard mixtures containing both drugs were prepared in the range of 5–25 μg/ml for both drugs. The analytical figure of merit (FOM) was determined for all three chemometric methods. The LOD values for LH were found to be 0.97, 0.93, and 0.94 μg/ml and 0.90,0.88, and 0.89 μg/ml for EM using CLS, PCR, and PLS modeling techniques. The proposed methods were user-friendly, rapid, and sensitive enough for the determination of LH and EM.

Validation and comparison of UV spectrophotometry and HPLC methods for the determination of dissolution rate of Venlafaxine in Zanfexa 37.5mg tablets

Validation and comparison of UV spectrophotometry and HPLC methods for the determination of dissolution rate of Venlafaxine in Zanfexa 37.5mg tablets

SIOFOR DRUG ANALYSIS FOR THE FORENSIC CHEMISTRY PRACTICE

Siofor (metformin hydrochloride) is widely used to maintain weight in the second type of diabetes and as a complex treatment of obesity, as well as a slimming agent in biologically active supplements under various names. The presence of metformin hydrochloride with the strong effect of reducing sibutramine in Reduksin Forte capsules, taking it together with other disproportionate drugs causes an increase in cases of acute poisoning. In such cases, in order to provide quick medical assistance to patients, in order to obtain quick and accurate results in forensic chemistry practice, specific chemical toxicological analysis conditions are needed. The results of the analysis of Siofor (metformin hydrochloride) presented in this scientific article by thin layer chromatography and UV-spectrophotometry methods are closely related to forensic chemistry practice.

Method development and validation of ibuprofen obtained from the extraction of bougainvillea campanulata flowers by UV spectrophotometry, FTIR and TLC method

The present study was aimed to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise, reproducible UV-Visible spectrophotometric method and FTIR for the estimation of Ibuprofen present in extract. The solvent used in the experiment was m. Absorption maximum (λmax) of the drug was found to be 264 nm. The Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 100-500 μg/ml. The method was shown linear in the mentioned concentrations having line equation y = 0.000023x with correlation coefficient r of 1 The amount of ibuprofen present in the extract was found to be 7 ug/ml. The recovery values for ibuprofen present in Bougainvillea Campanulata flowers extract ranged from 85.9%-87.6%. The percent relative standard deviation (RSD %) of interday precision was 51.35 % and intraday precision was 42.95 %. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 0.9 μg/mL and 2.7 μg/mL. The percent relative standard deviation of robustness of the method was 37.43-45.86. Hence, proposed method was precise, accurate and cost effective. This method could be applicable for quantitative determination of the methanol present in Bougainvillea flowers extract.

Caffeine Levels from Various Types of Coffee Drink Packaging Circulated in the Medan City Market Were Examined Using a UV Spectrophotometry Method

Coffee drinks are drinks that come from the processing and extraction of coffee beans. One of which is caffeine. Coffee contains approximately 24 of the most important substances. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of caffeine in coffee drinks from various types of packaging. The research stages include sample collection and preparation; identification of caffeine content; and examination of caffeine levels using UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that the three samples of coffee drinks sold at the minimarket in Jermal, Medan contained caffeine, and the levels of caffeine in coffee drinks were 26,352±0,292 mg/100mL (Sample A), 15,179±0,286 mg/100mL (Sample B), and 7,965±0,98 mg/100mL (Sample C). The caffeine content obtained meets the requirements of SNI, where the maximum amount of caffeine that can be consumed by the public in a day based on SNI is 50 mg–150 mg.