Utilization Of Industrial Waste Research Articles

Modern Technologies Providing a Full Cycle of Geo-Resources Development

Resource-dependent countries and economies are found to be particularly sensitive to global shocks. A unifying parallel is drawn between resource-dependent countries and regions with depleted mineral resources. The objective factors of losses of accessed reserves are analyzed. A unifying parallel is drawn between sub-standard ores and industrial waste. The paper proposes shifting geotechnology development from simple mineral extraction towards technologies that provide a full cycle of geo-resources development. A radical way of ensuring a full cycle of geo-resources development is the involvement of sub-standard ores and industrial waste in a closed processing cycle. The utilization of industrial waste without a valuable component extracting or reducing a harmful component to a background value is palliative. A comparative description of various technologies that allow extracting valuable components from sub-standard ores and industrial waste is made. The paper proposes a variant of chemical–physical technology that makes it possible to extract a valuable component from industrial waste to a minimum value. The activation of industrial waste with a disintegrator before a chemical extraction significantly increases the yield of a valuable component from 2.6 to 218.5%. A differentiated approach is needed regarding the choice of leaching solution, its percentage, as well as the leaching method and the need for activation processing of valuable components and industrial ones. The combined highly efficient physical–chemical and physical–technical technologies will ensure the maximum extraction of the valuable component from 52.6 to 98.8% in the full cycle of natural and industrial geo-resources development.

Heavy metals immobilization of ternary geopolymer based on nickel slag, lithium slag and metakaolin

To solve heavy metals leaching problem in the utilization of various industrial solid wastes, this work investigated the heavy metals immobilization of ternary geopolymer prepared by nickel slag (NS), lithium slag (LS), and metakaolin (MK). Compressive strength was measured to determine the optimum and appropriate mix proportions. The leaching characteristics of typical heavy metals (Cu (Ⅱ), Pb (Ⅱ), and Cr (Ⅲ)) in acid, alkali, and salt environments were revealed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The heavy metals immobilization mechanism was explored by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests. The experimental results show that the group with a mass ratio of NS, LS and MK of 1:1:8 exhibits the highest compressive strength, which reaches 69.1 MPa at 28 d. The ternary geopolymer possesses a desirable capacity for immobilizing inherent heavy metals, where the immobilization rates of Cu and Pb reach 96.69 %, and that of Cr reaches 99.97 %. The leaching concentrations of Cr and Pb increase when the samples are exposed to acidic and alkaline environments. Cu and Pb are mainly physically encapsulated in geopolymer. Additionally, immobilization of Cr mainly involves physical encapsulation and chemical bonding.

Potential utilization of industrial waste as feed material for the growth and reproduction of earthworms

Potential utilization of industrial waste as feed material for the growth and reproduction of earthworms

The influence of the addition of different kinds of slags on the friction and emission behavior of a commercially employed friction material formulation

Keeping sustainability and the circular economy in mind, numerous studies have been conducted on the feasibility of the utilization of industrial wastes in friction material formulations for braking applications. One such highly produced waste is slags from blast furnaces. The present work focuses on the friction, wear, and emissions behavior of a commercially employed friction material formulation observing the inclusion of three kinds of slags. Two types of slags were obtained from a blast furnace; the difference was the cooling method. The third type of slag was collected from a basic oxygen steel furnace. The prepared samples were tested in the form of pins on a pin on disc equipment at 1.51 m/s, 1 MPa, and ambient conditions to replicate a mild braking scenario. Irrespective of the type of slag, the addition of the wastes observed either a decrease or similar emissions when compared to the virgin formulation. The friction and wear were in the range comparable to that of the reference composition; the CoF for slag specimens ranged between 0.49 and 0.51 compared to 0.45 for the reference composition. On the other hand, by inspection of the worn surfaces of the pins, it was seen that the slag-containing specimens had compact and expansive secondary contact plateaus with the inclusion of slag particles in their composition. Through this preliminary analysis, the possibility of the utilization of different slags is highlighted, especially in an already implemented commercial formulation, paving the path for further testing and validation.

Research Progress of Low-Carbon Cementitious Materials Based on Synergistic Industrial Wastes

Cementitious material based on synergistic industrial wastes can be used as a new product for low-carbon transformation. It can aid in resource recycling and suitable consumption and utilisation of various industrial wastes. The proposed material can reduce a large amount of CO2 emitted during calcination in cement production and the decomposition of raw limestone. In addition, the material exhibits high durability and high resistance to corrosion in the marine environment that can further reduce CO2 emissions over the lifecycle of the carbon footprint of the building. Currently, many similar chemical kinetic processes and mineralogical reaction processes of particle migration and rebinding exist in the hydration and hardening reactions, service processes and durability evolution of different industrial waste cementitious systems for low-carbon production. The theoretical basis of preparing various low-carbon cementitious materials (LCCMs) with industrial waste systems is discussed herein, including the two theories of ‘complex salt effect’ and ‘isomorphic effect from tetrahedral coordination of silicon-oxygen’. Further research on LCCM is based on the theoretical foundation of ‘passive hydration kinetics’. Furthermore, this study presents the CO2 reduction potential of LCCM prepared using industrial wastes and provides future research directions in this regard.

Cleaner production of geopolymer materials: A critical review of waste-derived activators

Geopolymer materials as a sustainable building material have received ever-growing interest from researchers worldwide. Geopolymer binders have high early strength, improved economic benefits, the ability to withstand aggressive environments for long periods, and facilitate utilization of agricultural, industrial, and municipal wastes. However, the commercially synthesized NaOH and Na2SiO3 predominantly contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the cost of geopolymer materials. In order to promote the industrial acceptance of geopolymers, clean and sustainable alkaline activators are essential. Additionally, these alkaline activators are toxic and caustic in nature which can cause severe health issues. Researchers have been investigating the viability of various wastes as precursors for developing geopolymers since over a decade. Therefore, there is need for identifying and assessing waste derived activators for production of sustainable geopolymers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief discussion about the common precursors, geopolymer reaction mechanism, and environmental impacts of conventional activators and a critical review of waste-derived alkaline activators for the development of a robust and user-friendly geopolymer system. This literature review provides a comprehensive insight into the potential applications of waste-derived alkaline activators by comparing their effects on compressive strength and setting time, enabling an appropriate selection of activators based on availability and desired performance. This study highlights waste-derived activators that exhibit similar mechanical properties, if not better than geopolymers produced with conventional activators, which encourages these wastes for structural applications.It was found that the utilization of waste-derived activators, for example, biomass ashes and waste glass can significantly reduce the environmental impacts of geopolymer materials. However, further studies on feasibility and life cycle analysis are required to validate their sustainability potential on industrial scale, succeeded by assessment of long term durability.

Application of Cryogels to the Production of Fuel Briquettes from Finely Dispersed Carbon-Containing Wastes

Methods for producing fuel briquettes with various finely dispersed fillers of natural and industrial origin, which are capable of oxidation (combustion) reactions, are described. It was established that elastic polymeric bodies, into which finely dispersed fillers of a hydrocarbon nature were preliminarily introduced, were formed after a freeze–thaw cycle of the aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol. Samples of fuel briquettes with a calorific value of 14.2 to 28.8 MJ/kg and a compressive strength of 2.14 to 2.9 MP were obtained for the associated utilization of industrial waste.

Adsorption performance of phosphate in water by mixed precursor base geopolymers

Design of low-cost and high-removal efficiency phosphate adsorbents is of great significance for the control of eutrophication. In this study, fly ash and metakaolin were used as raw materials to evaluate the capability of phosphate adsorption and to investigate the mechanism of phosphate adsorption. The results of comparing the adsorption effect of geopolymers prepared with different modulus of alkali activator showed that the removal efficiency of phosphate in water at 0.8 M was on average 30.33% higher than 1.2 M. Therefore, FA + MK-0.8 had the maximum removal efficiency of 94.21% for phosphate in water with the maximum adsorption capacity of 36.02 mg/kg. In addition, the adsorption of phosphate could be well fitted by pseudo-second-order model and the process was mainly controlled by film diffusion. The alkali activation process can destroy the octahedral structure of the raw material, so the geopolymer are mainly tetrahedral in structure. Interestingly, new zeolite structures were formed in the mineral crystal phase of FA + MK-0.8, which may facilitate the adsorption of phosphate by geopolymers. Furthermore, the combined FTIR and XRD analysis results indicated that the underlying mechanisms of phosphate adsorption were electrostatic gravitation, ligand exchange, and surface complexation. This research not only synthesizes low-cost and high removal efficiency wastewater purification materials, but also provides a promising application for the elimination and resource utilization of industrial solid waste.

A comprehensive study on the synthesis and characterization of eco-cementitious binders using different kind of industrial wastes for sustainable development

As it is known that with the urbanization, the demand for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is also increasing. Every year a huge quantity of raw materials are consumed in the manufacturing of cement, which are non-renewable resources such as limestone (70–80%). Almost half of CO2 release from combustion of limestone at high temperature. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to achieve sustainability and reduced CO2 emission during cement clinker synthesis. This can be achieved by using supplementary fuel to heat the kiln and supplementary raw material instead of natural resources like limestone, sand, clay and iron slag etc. The principal chemical composition of some industrial waste is SiO2, Fe2O3, CaO and Al2O3, which are also major chemical compounds of commercial raw material in cement manufacturing. Therefore, in various literature; the eco-cement clinker was synthesized using minimum natural resources and maximum industrial wastes such as dry sewage sludge, iorn ore tailing, red mud, steel slag, fly ash, ceramic waste etc. As a replacement for commercial raw material. The physio-mechanical properties of the developed eco-cement clinkers were being analyzed followed by isothermal calorimetry, scanning electron microscope, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and then compared with reference cement clinker. Almost all major phases viz.- C3S (Alite), C2S (Belite), C3A (Aluminate) and C4AF (Ferrite), were detected in all eco-cement clinkers. Apart from the literature studies; the ongoing work at Author's Institute, regarding the development of low energy cement clinker is also being presented. In last, on the basis of various research studies, current challenges for utilization of industrial wastes have been examined along with future scope.

Nanocellulose Research Trends from Pineapple Plant Waste in Indonesia: Bibliometric Analysis Using VosViewer

The application of sustainable industry is carried out by utilizing pineapple plant waste by bibliometric and exploratory descriptive analysis using VOSviewer 1.6.18 software using a database of Scopus-indexed journal publishers. This study aimed to determine research trends on the utilization of pineapple plantation industry waste for nanocellulose production in Indonesia. The Scopus database collected information regarding Nanocellulose Research Trends From Pineapple Plant Waste. To obtain search results, subject categories with titles, keywords, and abstract criteria from Nanocellulose Research Trends From Pineapple Plant Waste were used as a reference. Using VOSviewer, search result extraction was performed. The results of bibliometric mapping were then further evaluated. The findings of the bibliometric study demonstrate through network visualization, overlay visualization, and density visualization that nanocellulose research in Indonesia has increased over the past seven years, beginning in 2015.
 
 

A high-strength red mud–fly ash geopolymer and the implications of curing temperature

In response to the requirement for the comprehensive utilization of industrial waste, high-strength geopolymers were prepared from red mud (RM) and Class 1, 2, and C fly ash (FA) rich in active substances (FA1, FA2, and FAC, respectively) in the presence of an alkali activator (AA). Increasing the curing temperature from room temperature (22 °C) to 60 °C rapidly increased the strength of the geopolymer, while maintaining a certain level of humidity during curing inhibited crack formation in the geopolymer. The use of a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution improved the strength of the geopolymer. However, an excessively high concentration of NaOH solution induced considerable efflorescence. The strength of the geopolymer prepared with a mixed solution (MS) composed of a NaOH solution and a water glass (WG) solution increased as the concentration of the MS increased and reached 63.5 MPa when the NaOH concentration in the MS was 10 mol/L.

An innovative approach for the development of sound absorbing material using industrial wastes

For sound absorbing panels as noise barriers, a research study is carried out to design and develop a composite mix using industrial waste as Fly Ash (FA), Waste Tyre Rubber (WTR) granules with cement. The design mix is prepared in two stages. The first stage involves blending of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by gradually increasing the WTR percentage in the mixture. In the second stage of the study, the WTR content was kept constant while the percentage of cement and FA varied based on the required binding properties of cement for further acoustical enhancement. Evaluation of engineering and acoustic properties conveyed an increment of 470 % in the void ratio, as well as a 192.7 % and 236 % increase in Average Sound Absorption Coefficient (ASAC) and Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) respectively in the first phase of the study. The void ratio is further enhanced by 18.8 % with a mere decrement of 3.6 % in the compressive strength and an observed increase in Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) by 18.2 % in the second stage of the study. The optimal design mix prepared by 50 % WTR and 40 % FA with 10 % of cement provides efficient acoustic properties in the frequency range 500–1600 Hz and 2500–6300 Hz. The composite matrix is cost-effective and provides engineering properties for developing sound absorbing panels as noise barriers specially to control traffic noise and honking. The utilization of industrial waste in the composite mix renders threefold environmental advantages i.e. reduction in waste volume by promoting recycling, no chemical treatment and also mitigation of noise pollution through noise barriers.

Frost Resistance and Shrinkage Characteristics of Soil Stabilized by Carbide Slag and Coal Gangue Powder

With the increase of expressway construction in seasonal frozen soil region, the freeze-thaw problem of subgrade soil has attracted more and more attention. In addition, the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste has become an important measure to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. In order to improve the frost resistance of subgrade soil and realize the resource utilization of industrial solid waste, carbide slag (CS) and coal gangue powder (CG) were applied to the subgrade soil. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, freeze-thaw cycle test, dry shrinkage test, temperature shrinkage test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test were carried out on CS-CG stabilized soil with a ratio of CS:CG = 70:30 and dosages of 5%, 10% and 15%. The freeze-thaw cycle degradation model of CS-CG stabilized soil was constructed to show the freeze-thaw deterioration mechanism after the mechanical properties, pore structure, and durability characteristics of the stabilized soil were examined. The results showed that the CS-CG stabilized soil had good frost resistance. After 6 freeze-thaw cycles, the UCS at 7d and 28 d was 2.86 MPa and 3.79 MPa, respectively, which were 22.6% and 35.5% lower than in samples that underwent no freeze-thaw action. The CS-CG stabilized soil had good crack resistance, slightly better dry shrinkage strain than lime stabilized soil, and excellent temperature shrinkage performance. With the increase of CS-CG dosage, the hydration products increased continuously. After freeze-thaw cycles, however, large pores and cracks gradually appeared in the stabilized soil, which led to an increase of porosity and pore diameter, and a decrease of pore abundance. Due to the influence of hydration degree, the porosity change at 7 d was less than that at 28 d. There was a f(n)/f0=βexp−λΔh relationship between UCS residual ratio and porosity variation of the CS-CG stabilized soil, and it had a good correlation. The CS-CG stabilized soil had good frost resistance and shrinkage characteristics, and could replace traditional cementitious materials such as Portland cement (PC) and lime for subgrade soil improvement in regions with seasonal frozen soil. Future research needs to focus on the performance regulation of CS-CG stabilized soil, which can make it more widely used.

Solidification and stabilization of Pb–Zn mine tailing with municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag for unfired brick fabrication

The mismanaged and abandoned mine tailings are an important source of heavy metal pollution in the mining regions, and there is a significant need to develop technically, environmentally, and economically feasible and sustainable solutions to manage them. This study explored the solidification and stabilization of the tailing from an abandoned Pb–Zn mine using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) blended with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) for fabricating unfired bricks, and systematically characterized the products’ mechanical and environmental performance. Various hydration products, such as ettringite, portlandite, and hydrotalcite, were formed in the unfired bricks in the solidification and stabilization process, which enhance the physical strength of unfired bricks and help immobilize the heavy metals. Slaking treatment of MSWIFA significantly increased the mechanical strength, reduced the water absorption, and improved the durability of unfired bricks, with the product prepared from MSWIFA with 7-day slaking exhibiting the highest unconfined compressive strength (12.3 MPa) after 56 days of curing. The concentrations of As (0.35–1.49 μg/L), Cd (0.35–0.70 μg/L), Cr (1.38–9.40 μg/L), Cu (2.28–5.87 μg/L), Ni (0.16–2.24 μg/L), Pb (0.16–59.80 μg/L), and Zn (1.60–10.80 μg/L) in the leachates of unfired bricks were below the relevant regulatory limits for surface water and groundwater. Converting the mine tailing (with MSWIFA and GGBFS) to different types of unfired bricks could yield economic payback in the range of 283.7–306.5 Yuan per ton. Replacing cement with MSWIFA blended with GGBFS in the solidification and stabilization treatment could save about 0.15 ton of cement per ton of mine tailing disposed, which avoids significant energy use and carbon dioxide emissions. These findings demonstrate that utilization of mine tailings and industrial wastes to fabricate unfired bricks is a promising way of reusing such wastes and controlling the associated pollution, which also brings significant economic benefit and improves environmental sustainability.

Characterization and potential valorization of industrial food processing wastes

Valorization and utilization of industrial food processing waste as value added products, platform chemicals and biofuels, are needed to improve sustainability and reduce waste management costs. Various industrial food waste stream samples were characterized with respect to their physico-chemical characteristics and elemental composition. A subset of starchy food wastes and milk dust powder were evaluated in batch fermentation to acetone, a useful platform chemical. Production levels were similar to acetone produced from glucose but were achieved more quickly. Lactose concentration negatively affected fermentation and led to 50 % lower acetone concentration from milk dust powder than from starchy wastes. Uncooked starch waste can produce 20 % more acetone than cooked and modified starch waste. Fatty waste and mineral waste can be digested anaerobically generating biogas. Calorific value of soybean waste was 40 MJ/kg sufficiently high for biodiesel production. Low C/N ratios of wastewater and solids from food processing waste makes them unsuitable for anaerobic digestion but these waste types can be converted thermochemically to hydrochar and used as soil amendments. Low calorific content (10–15 MJ/kg) vegetable wastes also are not ideal for energy production, but are rich in flavonoids, antioxidants and pigments which can be extracted as valuable products. A model mapping food waste characteristics to best valorization pathway was developed to guide waste management and future cost and environmental impact analyses. These findings will help advance food industry knowledge and improve sustainable food production through valorized processing waste management.

The effectiveness of the use of organic fertilizers in the link of crop rotation on light gray forest soil of the south of the Volga-Vyatka region

Relevance. The issues of reproduction of fertility of light gray forest soils of the forest-steppe zone and utilization of poultry industry waste as organic fertilizers are interrelated and are very relevant. Methods. The experiments studied the effect of one-time application of various doses (15, 30, 50 t/ha) of chicken manure, chicken manure compost and local organic fertilizers (sapropel and peat) on crop yields, and the aftereffect of fertilizers on the main indicators of soil fertility — amount of humus, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The variants of the experiments were investigated sixfold. The Federal State Center of Agrochemical Service "Chuvashsky" was involved in laboratory analyses of soils and crop production. Mеthods of analysis of soil samples and crop production are generally accepted in agrochemical science.Results. Organic fertilizers for three years of research were introduced into the soil only once at the beginning of the experiment in doses of 15, 30 and 50 t/ha, and their effect on the yield and quality of crop production (potato tubers, spring wheat grains and peas) in 2020–2022 was positive. The agrochemical properties of the arable soil layer in the variants with the use of organic fertilizers have significantly improved. The nitrate content in the products in variants with doses of chicken manure and compost of 50 t/ha or more approached the critical level. Local fertilizers (sapropel and peat) at a dose of 30 t/ha, chicken manure and compost at a dose of 15 t/ha are good organic fertilizers with a long aftereffect.

Influence of Fly Ash on the Fluidity of Blast Furnace Slag for the Preparation of Slag Wool

Using fly ash as the modifier, blast furnace slag was modified to prepare slag wool, fulfilling the goal of using one type of waste to make use of another type of waste, and it is of great significance for the comprehensive utilization of industrial bulk solid wastes and resource recycling. In the process of forming fiber from blast furnace slag, fluidity is the key factor affecting the smooth formation of fiber from slag. To explore the changes in the fluidity of modified blast furnace slag, the temperature-dependent viscosity of modified blast furnace slag with different amounts of fly ash added was measured, and the effects of fly ash addition on the viscosity, fluidity, and activation energy of particle migration, and slag structure of modified blast furnace slag were investigated. The results indicated that with the increase in the amount of fly ash added, in the high-temperature region (>1324 °C), the viscosity of modified blast furnace slag increases gradually, the fluidity decreases gradually (i.e., the fluidity becomes worse), and the suitable fiber-forming temperature range gradually widens. When the fly ash addition increases from 5% to 25%, the trend of the activation energy of slag particle migration is as follows: increase, decrease, increase significantly, decrease. When the addition of fly ash is less than 20%, the SiO2 content and slag temperature jointly affect the breakage and reorganization of oxygen bridge bonding in the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron in the slag structure. When the addition of fly ash increases to 25%, the slag temperature dominates the breakage of oxygen bridge bonding in the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron in the slag structure. When using fly ash as the modifier to prepare slag wool, from the perspective of slag fluidity and process operability, the optimum addition amount of fly ash is 15%.

Effect of CaO Sourced from CaCO3 or CaSO4 on Phase Formation and Mineral Composition of Iron-Rich Calcium Sulfoaluminate Clinker.

The performance of iron-rich calcium sulfoaluminate (IR-CSA) cement is greatly affected by mineral composition and mineral activity in the clinker. This study aims to identify the effect of CaO sources, either CaCO3 or CaSO4, on the phase formation and mineral composition of the IR-CSA clinker. Targeted samples were prepared with different proportions of CaCO3 and CaSO4 as CaO sources at 1300 °C for 45 min. Multiple methods were used to identify the mineralogical conditions. The results indicate that the mineral composition and performance of the IR-CSA clinker could be optimized by adjusting the CaO source. Both Al2O3 and Fe2O3 tend to incorporate into C4A3-xFxS¯ with an increase in CaSO4 as a CaO source, which leads to an increased content of C4A3-xFxS¯ but a decreased ferrite phase. In addition, clinkers prepared with CaSO4 as a CaO source showed much higher x value in C4A3-xFxS¯ and higher compressive strength than clinker prepared with CaCO3 as the sole CaO source. The crystal types of both C4A3-xFxS¯ and C2S were also affected, but showed different trends with the transition of the CaO source. The findings provide a possible method to produce IR-CSA cement at a low cost through cooperative utilization of waste gypsum and iron-bearing industrial solid wastes.

A roast-leach process for the recovery of vanadium from vanadium-bearing gasifier slag (VBGS) using citric acid as a green reagent: Leaching studies and statistical analysis for sustainable processing

The vanadium-bearing gasifier slag (VBGS) generated by petroleum industry as solid waste is considered as one of the valuable vanadium-containing resources. So, recovery of vanadium from VBGS is important from the environmental and industrial points of view. This work investigates vanadium leaching from VBGS at atmospheric pressure using a green reagent and achieves comprehensive utilization of the slag. Citric acid, an eco-friendly leachant, was used to recover V. Different leaching parameters were optimized and the maximum vanadium recovery of 98.8% was achieved at the optimum leaching condition of pH 1.5–1.7, temperature 75 °C, citric acid concentration 2.5%, pulp density 10% and leaching time 30 min. The leaching of vanadium showed that there were two stages in the kinetics of leaching. In the first 30 min, a sharp increase in the amount of vanadium extracted was observed and at longer times, leaching rate decreased. The blue colour of the leach liquor (LL) indicated that vanadium was leached in the form of V4+. The experimental data were employed as an input to the response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the best dependent/independent variables and predicted optimum condition to obtain maximum leaching efficiency. Finally, the present process results in the utilization of industrial waste to recover valuable metal ion and minimization of vanadium bearing primary resources.

Strength and compaction characteristics of kaolin clay blended with industrial wastes

The long-term stability of the construction over soil depends significantly on the strength of the ground. Swelling and shrinkage characteristics of expansive fine-grained soil causes volumetric changes followed by distress and damage to the structures resting on it. One of the most popular and cost-effective methods of improving soil is adding admixtures. Utilization of industrial wastes in soil stabilization is a cost effective and environment friendly solution. In this study, two types of industrial wastes, copper slag and pond ash, are used with the aim of improving the strength and compaction characteristics of subgrade. So, the work is focused on evaluating the compaction and strength characteristics of Kaolin clay (KC) blended with Copper Slag (CS) and Pond Ash (PA). For the compaction characteristics, modified proctor compaction tests were conducted and to study the strength characteristics, Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and split tensile strength (STS) tests were conducted. In Total, 14 different mix combinations were used in this study. From the test results, it has been observed that blending KC with PA and CS not only improved its compaction characteristics but strength too.