Abstract
The vanadium-bearing gasifier slag (VBGS) generated by petroleum industry as solid waste is considered as one of the valuable vanadium-containing resources. So, recovery of vanadium from VBGS is important from the environmental and industrial points of view. This work investigates vanadium leaching from VBGS at atmospheric pressure using a green reagent and achieves comprehensive utilization of the slag. Citric acid, an eco-friendly leachant, was used to recover V. Different leaching parameters were optimized and the maximum vanadium recovery of 98.8% was achieved at the optimum leaching condition of pH 1.5–1.7, temperature 75 °C, citric acid concentration 2.5%, pulp density 10% and leaching time 30 min. The leaching of vanadium showed that there were two stages in the kinetics of leaching. In the first 30 min, a sharp increase in the amount of vanadium extracted was observed and at longer times, leaching rate decreased. The blue colour of the leach liquor (LL) indicated that vanadium was leached in the form of V4+. The experimental data were employed as an input to the response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the best dependent/independent variables and predicted optimum condition to obtain maximum leaching efficiency. Finally, the present process results in the utilization of industrial waste to recover valuable metal ion and minimization of vanadium bearing primary resources.
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