Utilization Of Fisheries Research Articles

PREFACE

It is our pleasure to welcome you to the 4th EMBRIO International Symposium (EIS) joined with the 7th International Symposium of East Asia Fisheries and Technologists Association (EAFTA). This international symposium is being conducted to explore and develop marine biodiversity through research sharing in the form of presentation under the topic of “Innovative Solution and Technology for Marine Biodiversity and Sustainable Fisheries”.EMBRIO is a research excellence group in IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University) focusing on marine biodiversity. A number of activities have been carried out in order to strengthen the function of the program. EMBRIO International Symposium (EIS)-IPB is a biennial flagship event conducted every odd year to disseminate results of multidisciplinary scientific research and promotes innovative solutions for the sustainability of Indonesia marine biodiversity. At the same time, EIS serves as an institutional platform to strengthen IPB strategic networks with national and international partners for cross-sectoral programs, while boosting academic outreach through collaboration, presentation of ideas and research findings, also publications at reputable journals and proceedings.The first International Symposium of EMBRIO was held in 2013, second in 2015 and third in 2017, which followed by several countries in Asia, Europe and Australia. We continue this activity in 2019 through the 4th EIS to build cooperation related to the development of marine biodiversity in Indonesia. The scopes of this symposium are “Understanding of Fisheries and Marine Biodiversity”, “Utilization of Fisheries and Marine Biodiversity” and “Conservation of Fisheries and Marine Biodiversity”. In this event, more than 150 people participated and presented their research.We would like to thank the all speakers and participants in particular to our respected overseas guests as well as members of the program committees. They have worked very hard to establish this symposium. We also would like to express our gratitude to the sponsors for providing support to this event. We look forward to seeing all of you participants and contributors in the future events.Director of EMBRIOIPB University (Bogor Agricultural University)Dr. Mala Nurilmala, S.Pi., M.Si.

Nexus between coastal resources and community livelihoods in a changing climate

It is recognized that climate variability has had detrimental impacts on integrity of coastal natural resources. It is also known that coastal communities have been relying on those natural resources for their livelihoods in different ways. It is from this interdependence that this study was proposed, to analyse the role of coastal resources in sustaining community livelihoods of the coastal communities in the changing climate in two villages, Msinga and Nyamisati, all based in Rufiji district, Tanzania. The study employed the mixed method design whereby household questionnaires,-key informant interviews, focus group discussions, field observations and literature review were used to collect primary and secondary data. Findings show that coastal resources including fish and mangrove are impacted by sea level rise, storm surges, tropical storms, droughts, floods and change in salinity conditions eventually compromising their integrity. Consequently livelihoods that depend on these resources such as fisheries and agriculture in the delta have declined in productivity over the past 10 years, causing food insecurity to majority of households. People have been adapting in different ways with respect to climate change impacts mainly through the use of social networks and coastal resources utilization particularly sale of fish, mangrove logs and timber. However, utilization of such resources was unsustainable as it entailed overexploitation and use of prohibited fishing gears and unlawful harvesting of mangrove. Nonetheless, coastal communities are still vulnerable to climate change impacts owing to low resource base, whereby women are the most vulnerable group due to poor participation in decision making at family level. Besides, to monitor coastal resources utilization, institutions were put in place through policy and legal frameworks. Enforcement of bylaws with respect to resources utilization such as permits for mangrove and fisheries utilization and ban of agriculture in the delta was meant to make coastal natural resources more resilient to the impacts of climate change. However, some of enforcements of some bylaws made community members prone to impacts of climate variability and change by being landless. The study recommends the integration of participatory approaches regarding the natural coastal resources management including capacity building to women in order to build their resilience to impacts of climate variability and change.

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Perikanan Tangkap di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Propinsi Riau

Indragiri Hilir Regency has great potential in catch fisheries sector. However, many obstacles and challenges faced by local governments in the development of capture fisheries business, due to various factors. The objectives of this research are: 1) to identify the potential of capture fisheries, ie facilities and infrastructure, and the existing condition 2) to formulate the strategy of developing the capture fishery business. This research used qualitative and quantitative approach. The data collected includes primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques were condusted through in-depth interviews and FGDs with business actors, as well as stakeholders in Indragiri Hilir District equipped with observations and documentations. Data analysis used SWOT method by first analyzed the internal and external factors that produced 3 alternative strategies. These alternatives strategies then re-analyzed using the QSPM analysis unit to determined of priority strategies. The results of this research is the potential of capture fisheries in Indragiri Hilir Regency is very large, but there are still many obstacles due to facilities and infrastructure support is still minimal. Alternative strategies generated in this study are 1). utilization of fisheries and marine resources through improvement of facilities and infrastructure of environmentally friendly fishing units, 2). optimizing the role and function of TPI through PPI development, 3). increasing the role of “Pokmaswas” through the provision and utilization of monitoring facilities.

Feasibility Study on Small-scale Tidal Power Generation by Using Rotation Flow Turbine for Fishery Utilization on the Coast of Aomori Prefecture

Feasibility Study on Small-scale Tidal Power Generation by Using Rotation Flow Turbine for Fishery Utilization on the Coast of Aomori Prefecture

Assessment of Sustainable Use of Coastal Resources of Regional Waters Conservation Area Biak Numfor Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia

Efforts to exploit fish resources optimally, continuous and sustainable is an urgent demand for the greatest prosperity of the people, especially to improve the welfare of fishermen and fish farmers. The level of sustainable use of coastal resources in water conservation is very important, so that the utilization does not exceed the carrying capacity of the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of sustainable use of coastal resources Biak Numfor, associated with the utilization of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism. The study was conducted in June to December 2015 and October to November 2016. The primary data obtained by interview and direct discussion through Focus Group Disscution (FGD) with fishermen community, tourist and tourist entrepreneurs as well as related officials in the Office of Fisheries and Marine Affairs, and Tourism Office of Biak Numfor Regency. Methods of data analysis approach sustainability analysis conducted by the method of MDS (Multi-Dimensional Scaling) with the help of software Rapfish. Based on the survey results revealed that the value of fisheries ordinated to achieve 57.66%, 44.80% aquaculture, and tourism 46.25%. With these achievements ordinated value, it can be concluded that the use of sustainable capture fisheries are still classified by the lever sustainability attributes include; the type of fishing gear, vessel types used and the catch per unit effort (CPUE). Meanwhile the relatively less sustainable aquaculture with the sustainability lever attributes include; cultivation technology, the number of business units with different types and species of fish. For tourism utilization is still considered less sustainable with levers sustainability attributes include the number of tourists, the type and number of amenities and facilities and infrastructure Keywords: Sustainability, utilization, waters conservation area (KKPD), MDS-Rapfish

TEKNOLOGI PENANGKAPAN BARONANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI KEPULAUAN SERIBU

Pemanfaatan sumber daya perikanan baronang di Kepulauan Seribu menjadi salah satu potensi perikanan tangkap yang cukup besar. Penangkapan baronang di Kepulauan Seribu mengalami peningkatan, hal ini dipengaruhi harga baronang yang meningkat akibat dari permintaan pasar akan baronang meningkat. Kegiatan eksplorasi penangkapan baronang secara terus-menerus mengakibatkan kerusakan habitat penangkapan. Tujuan penelitian inventarisasi jenis alat tangkap baronang serta menentukan tingkat keramahan lingkungan unit penangkapan ikan baronang. Metode penelitian yaitu survey. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Maret 2015 dan November-Desember 2015. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif untuk menginventarisasi jenil alat tangkap ikan baronang di Kepulauan Seribu; Analisis tingkat keramahan lingkungan berdasarkan sembilan kriteria FAO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Jenis alat tangkap ikan yang menangkap baronang di Kepulauan Seribu adalah alat tangkap muroami, bubu tambun, bubu kawat, bubu jaring, jaring lingkar, dan speargun. Dari tingkat keramah lingkungan jenis alat tangkap bubu tambun merupakan alat tangkap yang paling ramah lingkungan dengan nilai skor 25,75.

Profile of Capture Fisheries in the Southern of East Java as the Basis for the Development of Fishing Ports

Data on capture fisheries in the southern region of East Java is a source of information that can be used to analyze the profile of fisheries that can be used as a reference in developing the port of fisheries especially in the southern region of East Java. The research objective was to determine the profile of fisheries in the southern region of East Java as the basis for the development of Fishery Port. The method used is descriptive analysis in order to obtain an idea of the profile of fisheries in the southern region of East Java. Potential data analysis and utilization of fisheries using Schaefer Methods. The results of the study are comparison of the eight districts in the southern region of East Java, Banyuwangi still dominate in the aspect of the number of fishing vessels, production and value of catch production and the number of fishermen. The Blitar district still lags behind in all aspects of fisheries. The dominant species of fish catches in the southern region of East Java include Lemuru (Sardinella sp), Tuna (Thunnus sp) Tongkol (Euthynus sp), Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis), and Layang (Decapterus sp). Potential and level of utilization of the fish in the south of East Java in the period 2009-2013 are still in a state of sustainable/under fishing. Development of fishing ports in southern Java needs to be supported entirely by the government, so it can improve fishermen's welfare and development of the economy in the region with the scale of priorities.

FISHING ZONE IN KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><em></em></p><p><em>Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) consists of 7 zones i.e., core, protection, tourism, residence, rehabilitation, cultivation, and traditional fisheries utilization zone. Fishing activities in the traditional fisheries utilization zone (TFUZ) was not optimal because of limited of fishing zone information. The objective of this study was to determine the fishing zone based on major fish for each fishing gear. This study was conducted in KNP from October to December 2009. The major fish resources were determined through analyses of comparative performance index (CPI). Fish resource potential was analyzed by bio-economic model. The existence of fish resources were used as a basis of arrangement of fishing gear arround the fishing zone, through consideration of fishing gear characteristics, the characteristics of waters, the probabilities of conflict, degradation of fish resources, and regulations. Map of fishing zones were created using geographicl information system. Results showed that potential fishes around the TFUZ were reef fishes such as trevallies, yellow tail, and grouper. The potency of r</em><em>eef fishes was about 149 tons/year and pelagic fish of 19,080 tons/year.</em><em> Fishing zones around the TFUZ consisted of (1) area of 0-3 miles from coastal line which was allocated as the fishing zone of reef fishes using hand line and fish trap, (2) area of 3-4 miles from coastal line which was allocated as demersal fishing zone using bottom gillnet, (3) area of 0-4 miles from coastal line which was allocated as pelagic fishing zone using surface gillnet, and (4) area that more than 4 miles which was allocated as pelagic fishing zone using</em><em> dynamic fishing gear (troll line), and boat lift net.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em> fishing zone, reef fish, pelagic fish, gillnet, Karimunjawa</em></p>

FISHING ZONE IN KARIMUNJAWA NATIONAL PARK

ABSTRACTKarimunjawa National Park (KNP) consists of 7 zones i.e., core, protection, tourism, residence, rehabilitation, cultivation, and traditional fisheries utilization zone. Fishing activities in the traditional fisheries utilization zone (TFUZ) was not optimal because of limited of fishing zone information. The objective of this study was to determine the fishing zone based on major fish for each fishing gear. This study was conducted in KNP from October to December 2009. The major fish resources were determined through analyses of comparative performance index (CPI). Fish resource potential was analyzed by bio-economic model. The existence of fish resources were used as a basis of arrangement of fishing gear arround the fishing zone, through consideration of fishing gear characteristics, the characteristics of waters, the probabilities of conflict, degradation of fish resources, and regulations. Map of fishing zones were created using geographicl information system. Results showed that potential fishes around the TFUZ were reef fishes such as trevallies, yellow tail, and grouper. The potency of reef fishes was about 149 tons/year and pelagic fish of 19,080 tons/year. Fishing zones around the TFUZ consisted of (1) area of 0-3 miles from coastal line which was allocated as the fishing zone of reef fishes using hand line and fish trap, (2) area of 3-4 miles from coastal line which was allocated as demersal fishing zone using bottom gillnet, (3) area of 0-4 miles from coastal line which was allocated as pelagic fishing zone using surface gillnet, and (4) area that more than 4 miles which was allocated as pelagic fishing zone using dynamic fishing gear (troll line), and boat lift net. Keywords: fishing zone, reef fish, pelagic fish, gillnet, Karimunjawa

Legal Framework and Mechanism of Marine Fisheries Subsidies in the Aspects of International Trade and Sustainable Development

Issues in fisheries have been regulated in various international conventions. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS 1982) has builta regime in the field of conservation and management of fishery resources based upon maritime zones or fish species that exist and available in this zone. However, UNCLOS 1982 only focuses on the issue of fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the high seas, thus it was not sufficient to overcome the problems of high frequent of fishing in maritime zones which are fully subject to the jurisdiction of coastal states, such as in the Inland waters, archipelagic waters and the Territorial Sea. This article aims to examine the legal framework and mechanisms of fisheries subsidies in the aspects of trade and sustainable development. In this article, discussion would carried out in order to examine the legal framework and mechanisms of marine fisheries subsidies that are implemented with the principles of fair-trade and sustainable development, both in the international level, as well as in the national level. Thus, this research is expected to be able to bridge the interests of developed countries and developing countries, especially Indonesia, in order to achieve fair trade in the field of fisheries and resource utilization of sustainable fisheries.

STATUS KEBERLANJUTAN KETERSEDIAAN SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) DI PERAIRAN ACEH BARAT

Fisheries production in West of Aceh was still insufficient to provide the local community consumption. However, fisheries resources in West of Aceh water are abundant. But utilization of fisheries particularly skipjack tuna (cakalang) hasn’t been yet optimalized. This aiming to analyse the status of sustainablity of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) fisheries in West of Aceh water. The study was conducted in November to Desember 2012 at the Fish Landing Port of Kuala Bubon and Fish Landing Bases (PPI) Ujong Baroh. The result shown that sustainability index value by using multidimensional scaling is 88,42 with stress value is 0.12 and coefisien of determination (R2) is 0,95 or 95%. Such index value show that sustainablity of skipjack resources were good status. It means that multidimensional of skipjack stock were still paid attention in fisheries management sustainable. Beside that, it shown from water condition and fishing gears were still support viability of such comodity.

Industrialization in fisheries: a challenge to change

To manage with the Indonesian vision as the biggest producer of fisheries in 2015, capture,aquaculture, and post-harvest fisheries should be ready to operate at large or business scale.Consequently, industrialization should be promoted since this is the most appropriate way tomanage fisheries in business manner. Though it has a positive goal to maximize the utilization offisheries resource for the improvement of economic and prosperity of Indonesian people, however,industrialization undoubtedly retains a negative impact in terms of threats on the sustainability offishery and other natural resources. This article summarises review and analysis aiming to developan ideal model in order to strengthen the fisheries industrialization in Indonesia. Based on previousweaknesses, the ideal model is the one that reflects an inclusive and holistic manner, suitable forvarious characteristics of industries in each typical areas and people of Indonesia, with the emphasison competitive advantage, untraditional, and commercial basis, especially in respect to thedevelopment of a strong fisheries business. This kind of model should also maintain harmonizedand coordinated programs and actions between involved related institutions. Research supportsare needed to develop and test the most appropriate model. Also, in technical basis, innovationson fish capture, aquaculture, as well as processing technologies are urgently needed as acomplement to the developed model of fisheries industries. One thing that should be kept in mindis the importance of management and conservation of natural resources, including resource forfisheries capture and aquaculture, germ plasms and genetic fish resources, as well as marinemicroorganisms, as these all are the main assets for the development of marine and fisheries inIndonesia.

Disequilibrium Pasar Ikan Laut Aceh

This study is an attempt to construct an assessment model for fishery resources by taking Aceh province as a case. The accuracy of assessment of sustainability in fishery resource utilization is crucial. An erroneous assessment may lead to a false management policy and thereby fish stock depletion may take place as a result. Three behavioral equations used in this study constitute supply and demand functions. A simultaneous equations system was applied to assess the sustainability of fishery resource utilization. The model also incorporated the possibility of relationship between two Aceh’s fishery areas and the possibility of disequilibrium fish market. The estimation results show that the Malacca Strait capture fishery market is in disequilibrium due to excessive demand. The Indian Ocean capture fishery supplies the consumption needs of the population on the Malacca Strait side and therefore significantly increases the supply in the later area.

Community Fishery Utilization from the Perspective of Internal Assets and the Social System: A Case Study of Octopus Pot Fishing and Free Octopus Pot Fishing in Setonaikai Village-A

Community Fishery Utilization from the Perspective of Internal Assets and the Social System: A Case Study of Octopus Pot Fishing and Free Octopus Pot Fishing in Setonaikai Village-A

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BLACK ROCKFISH (SEBASTES MELANOPS) FILLETS AND BYPRODUCTS

Black rockfish are important in the near shore fishery of Southeast Alaska, being the only species among the pelagic shelf rockfishes with a directed fishery in State waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition of black rockfish fillets, heads and livers. Fillet yields were low at 13.7% of whole fish weight (WFW), while heads and livers composed 24.8 and 1.9% of WFW, respectively. Byproducts were a valuable source of lipids, and the marine oils extracted from these tissues were similar in many aspects to oils from other cold water marine finfish, being rich in omega-3 and low in omega-6 fatty acids. Protein content of fillets, heads and livers were within the expected range (15–20%). Amino acid analysis revealed that byproducts protein fractions were of high nutritional value. Results indicated that these byproducts have value and could be further processed into protein powders, fishmeal and fish oils. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This research is part of an ongoing effort to increase the value of Alaska fisheries by promoting entire utilization of the catch. There is opportunity to improve utilization of fisheries' byproducts by converting these materials into fishmeal, fish oils and protein powders that can either be used as ingredients for the manufacturing of feed further purified for food applications.

Accelerated Warming and Emergent Trends in Fisheries Biomass Yields of the World's Large Marine Ecosystems

Information on the effects of global climate change on trends in global fisheries biomass yields has been limited in spatial and temporal scale. Results are presented of a global study of the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) changes over the last 25 years on the fisheries yields of 63 large marine ecosystems (LMEs) that annually produce 80% of the world's marine fisheries catches. Warming trends were observed in 61 LMEs around the globe. In 18 of the LMEs, rates of SST warming were two to four times faster during the past 25 years than the globally averaged rates of SST warming reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007. Effects of warming on fisheries biomass yields were greatest in the fast-warming northern Northeast Atlantic LMEs, where increasing trends in fisheries biomass yields were related to zooplankton biomass increases. In contrast, fisheries biomass yields of LMEs in the fast-warming, more southerly reaches of the Northeast Atlantic were declining in response to decreases in zooplankton abundance. The LMEs around the margins of the Indian Ocean, where SSTs were among the world's slowest warming, revealed a consistent pattern of fisheries biomass increases during the past 25 years, driven principally by human need for food security from fisheries resources. As a precautionary approach toward more sustainable fisheries utilization, management measures to limit the total allowable catch through a cap-and-sustain approach are suggested for the developing nations recently fishing heavily on resources of the Agulhas Current, Somali Current, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal LMEs.

Sustainability of Marine Resources: Fisheries Utilization

The Sustainable Water Resources Roundtable (SWRR) is one of several natural resource roundtables with government, corporate, and NGO participation. SWRR has been a subgroup of the Advisory Committee on Water Information (ACWI) since 2001, and operates under authority of OMB M-92-01 and the Federal Advisory Committee Act. The purpose of the Roundtable is to provide an open forum for exchanging ideas and information to foster collaboration on ways to manage water resources in such a way that the resource and its uses may be sustained over the long term. Four earlier papers in this series described work leading up to the completion of the 2005 Preliminary Report. The present paper breaks new ground, and represents a challenge to the traditional disciplines of civil and sanitary engineering. Here we address the problem of sustainable marine fisheries, as exemplified by the work of the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Marine Stewardship Council. This is a new challenge that we begin to address by examining the idea of developing indicators for commercial fisheries resources. The goal is to help policy makers balance the economic benefits of commercial fisheries against the exhaustion of a finite resource of creatures that dwell in water. This “blue water” approach serves to connect creatures that dwell in water with the important economic benefits they bring to us all. The journey toward Sustainable Water Resources Management begins by determining the most important water issues and indicators. The long-term goals of SWRR include the development of principles, criteria and indicators to support decision-making and identification of opportunities for collaboration on research needs. Sustainable Water Resources Roundtable participants are committed to interdisciplinary, inter-jurisdictional, and cross-ownership collaboration that identifies and supports national, state, and fieldlevel activities to sustain water resources.

Managing the relationship between natural spawning areas on unprotected floodplains and on protected man-made fishponds

The economic land management of unprotected floodplain areas is possible only if considered jointly with protected floodplain areas, for which facility fisheries provide a solution. One solution could be that a part of the natural fish increment of the spawning-grounds on unprotected floodplains be raised in protected side fishponds and then later sold. This kind of fishery utilization is also favourable from economic, conservationist and flood protection aspects.

Fish resources and fishery utilization of Lake Poyang

An investigation on fish resources and fishery utilization of Lake Poyang, the largest freshwater lake in China, was carried out from winter 1997 to spring 2000. During the period of 1955 - 2000, the accumulated number of 136 species, belonging to 25 families and 78 genera, was recorded in Lake Poyang. The largest of families was the Cyprinidae (71 species), contributing 52.2% to the total; the second was the Bagridae ( 12 species), accounting for 8.8%. During this investigation, 101 species were recorded, and 6 new records were found, which were Squalidus nitens ( Gunther), Microphysogobio tungtingensis (Nichols), Saurogobio gymnocheilus Lo, Yao et Chen, Acheilognathus barbatulus Gunther, Rhodeus fangi (Miao), Mugilogobius myxodermus (Herre). Moreover, fish composition in catch from several important fishing gears and the dynamic change in fish yield were analyzed, and some suggestions on the sustainable fisheries development were proposed.

A Comparison of the Utilization of Stocks with Patchy Distribution and Migration Under Open Access and Marine Reserves: An Extended Analysis

This paper compares the utilization of fisheries that reside is spatially differentiated patches that are interrelated by migration under open access and marine reserves. The purpose is to provide a better understanding of fisheries operation in patches and to study the effects of marine reserves on aggregate stock size, harvest, and fleet size. It is an extension of a model developed by Sanchirico and Wilen (2001), SW. One extension is a detailed analysis of vessel behavior taking into account the distance from port. Another is the introduction of isogrowth curves and bioeconomic equilibrium stock (BES) curves that are used with the concept of the feasible region introduced by SW. The isogrowth curves provide a more transparent analysis of the effect of marine reserves on aggregate harvest. The BES curves allow for a direct analysis of when a bioeconomic equilibrium exists, and if so, whether it is in the interior or on the border of the feasible region. In the latter case, fishing will occur in only one...