Utilization In China Research Articles

Life cycle environmental impacts of five technological routes for straw utilisation in China

Whilst five technological routes have been proposed in China and implemented for the comprehensive utilisation of crop straw, as fertilizer, fodder, fuel, basic material, and raw material, respectively, there is still uncertainty regarding their efficiency and environmental performance. This study compared the material flows, environmental impacts, and potential improvements of these five routes using full-scale data in the central region of China. All routes achieved efficient utilisation in terms of total solid with transfer coefficients of 67%∼100%, but the fertiliser, fuel and raw material routes required significant amounts of manure and wood chips, respectively, due to the process requirements. On the other hand, the routes producing briquette fuel and board had lower overall loads to the mid-point environmental categories than the others, with product substitutions leading to the highest savings in terms of climate change (−1330 kg CO2-eq/t and −311 kg CO2-eq/t, respectively). The fertiliser route performed differently in terms of toxic and non-toxic impact categories, with use-on-land of compost contributing −162 kg CO2-eq/t savings to climate change impacts by carbon sequestration and fertilizer substitution, and at the same time introducing N, P and trace metal pollution. According to the parameter sensitivity analysis, even slight reductions in material and energy consumption could lead to varying degrees of improvement in carbon reduction. Overall, the findings of this study provide quantitative evidence for the selection of appropriate technologies and the sustainable utilisation of crop straw, by maximizing the benefits of crop straw utilisation while minimizing its negative effects to the environment.

Revelation of enzyme/transporter-mediated metabolic regulatory model for high-quality terpene accumulation in developing fruits of Lindera glauca

Lindera glauca with rich resource and fruit terpene has emerged as potential material for utilization in China, but different germplasms show a variation for essential oil content and volatile profiling. This work aimed to determine key regulators (enzymes or transporters) and unravel mechanism of governing high production of essential oil of L. glauca fruit (EO-LGF). Temporal analysis of fruit growth and EO-LGF accumulation (yield, volatile compounds and contents) during development revealed a notable change in the contents of EO-LGF and its 45 compounds in developing fruits, and the major groups were monoterpene and sesquiterpene, showing good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. To highlight molecular mechanism that govern such difference in terpene content and compound in developing fruits, Genome-wide assay was used to annotate 104 genes for terpene-synthesis pathway based on recent transcriptome data, and the comparative associations of terpene accumulative amount with gene transcriptional level were conducted on developing fruits to identify some crucial determinants (enzymes and transporters) with metabolic regulation model for high-quality terpene accumulation, involving in carbon allocation (sucrose cleavage, glycolysis and OPP pathway), metabolite transport, isoprene precursor production, C5-unit formation (MEP and MVA pathways), and mono−/sesqui-terpene synthesis. Our findings may present strategy for engineering terpene accumulation for utilization.

Relationship between patient-perceived quality of primary care and self-reported hospital utilisation in China: A cross-sectional study

Background Reducing avoidable hospital admissions is a global healthcare priority, with optimal primary care recognised as pivotal for achieving this objective. However, in developing systems like China, where primary care is evolving without compulsory gatekeeping, the relationship between patient-perceived primary care quality and hospital utilisation remains underexplored. Objectives This study aimed to explore the association between patient-perceived primary care quality and self-reported hospital utilisation in China. Methods Data were collected from 16 primary care settings. Patient-perceived quality of primary care was measured using the Assessment Survey of Primary Care scale across six domains (first-contact care, continuity, comprehensiveness, accessibility, coordination, and patient-centredness). Hospital utilisation included patient self-reported outpatient visits, hospital admissions, and emergency department (ED) visits in the last six months. Logistic regression analyses were examined associations between self-reported hospital utilisation and perceived primary care quality adjusted for potential confounders. Results Of 1,185 patients recruited, 398 (33.6%) reported hospital utilisation. Logistic regression analyses showed that higher total scores for patient-perceived quality of primary care were associated with decreased odds of hospital utilisation (adjusted odds ratio(AOR): 0.417, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.308–0.565), outpatient visits (AOR: 0.394, 95% CI: 0.275–0.566) and hospital admissions (AOR: 0.496, 95% CI: 0.276–0.891). However, continuity of care was positively associated with ED visits (AOR: 2.252, 95% CI: 1.051–4.825). Conclusion Enhanced patient-perceived quality of primary care in China is associated with a reduction in self-reported overall hospital utilisation, including outpatient visits and hospital admissions. However, better continuity of care may be associated with increased ED visits. Further research is warranted for precise insights and validation of these findings.

Towards Improved Satellite Data Utilization in China: Insights from an Integrated Evaluation of GSMaP-GNRT6 in Rainfall Patterns

To improve the utilization of satellite-based data and promote their development, this analysis comprehensively evaluates the performance of GSMaP Near-real-time Gauge-adjusted Rainfall Product version 6 (GSMaP_GNRT6) data in depicting precipitation over China from 2001 to 2020 by comparing four precipitation indices—accumulated precipitation, number of rainy days and rainstorm days, and precipitation maxima—with daily precipitation data from 2419 stations across China on monthly and annual time scales. The results show that the GSMaP-GNRT6 data effectively capture the overall spatial pattern of the four precipitation indices, but biases in the spatial distribution of the number of rainy days from July to September and the precipitation maxima during the wintertime are evident. A general underestimation of GSMaP-GNRT6 data is observed in the average for China. The annual precipitation amount, the number of rainy days and rainstorm days, and the precipitation maxima based on the GSMaP-GNRT6 data are 17.6%, 35.5%, 31.6% and 11.8% below the station observations, respectively. The GSMaP-GNRT6 data better depict the precipitation in eastern China, with the errors almost halved. And obvious overestimation of the number of rainstorm days and precipitation maxima occurs in western China, reaching up to 60%. Regarding the accumulated precipitation, the number of rainstorm days and the precipitation maxima, the GSMaP-GNRT6 data show an almost consistent interannual variation and increasing trends that are consistent with the station observations. However, the magnitude of the increasing trend based on the GSMaP-GNRT6 data is larger, especially at the beginning of the 21st century. Conversely, a considerable discrepancy in the annual variation and an almost opposite trend can be observed in the number of rainy days between the GSMaP-GNRT6 data and the station observations.

Application of Biomass Smoldering for Rural Building Heating in China: Strengths and Challenges.

Biomass smoldering for rural building heating could be a potential choice for bioenergy utilization in China to reduce the pollution caused by agroresidues open burning and to satisfy the increased demand of rural building heating. Its strengths include low pretreatment, transportation, and storage fees of fuel; ease of operation; good fertilizer characteristics of ash; use of latent heat of water vapor; pollution reduction; reduction of pests, weeds, and plant diseases on the farm; etc. However, controls of the burn rate and the gas emission are two challenges of the application, and related solutions of these challenges are discussed.

Transformation and Detoxification of Typical Metallurgical Hazardous Waste into a Resource: A Review of the Development of Harmless Treatment and Utilization in China.

The production process of the metallurgical industry generates a significant quantity of hazardous waste. At present, the common disposal method for metallurgical hazardous waste is landfilling, which synchronously leads to the leaching of toxic elements and the loss of valuable metals. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research progress in the harmless treatment and resource utilization of stainless steel dust/sludge (including stainless steel dust and stainless steel pickling sludge) and aluminum ash (including primary aluminum ash and secondary aluminum dross), which serve as representative hazardous wastes in ferrous metallurgy and nonferrous metallurgy, respectively. Additionally, the general steps involved in the comprehensive utilization of metallurgical hazardous waste are summarized. Finally, this paper provides a prospective analysis on the future development and research trends of comprehensive utilization for metallurgical hazardous waste, aiming to offer a basis for the future harmless, high-value, resource-based treatment of metallurgical hazardous waste and the realization of industrial applications in China.

Evaluation of Cropland Utilization Eco-Efficiency and Influencing Factors in Primary Grain-Producing Regions of China

Under the backdrop of the “double-carbon” target, the primary grain-producing regions in China are confronted with the tasks of mitigating pollution and carbon emissions and ensuring food security. This paper explores the eco-efficiency of cropland utilization and the factors influencing the primary grain-producing regions in China, utilizing panel data from 13 provinces spanning the period from 2000 to 2019. The analysis employs three models: the super-efficiency SBM model, the Malmquist index model, and the random-effect panel Tobit model. The findings suggest the following: (1) Although the eco-efficiency of cropland utilization in China’s primary grain-producing regions did not reach the production frontier during the period of 2000–2019, it exhibited a high level with an overall upward trend. The limiting factor inhibiting the growth of total factor productivity is lower technical efficiency. (2) There is evident spatial variation in the eco-efficiency of cropland utilization across China, displaying a dynamic evolution from northeast > western > central > eastern to northeast > western > eastern > central. Total factor productivity in each province demonstrates an upward trend, with the east > northeast > west > central ranking. (3) Regarding the influencing factors, the utilization of agricultural production chemicals exerts a negative influence, while the proportion of government financial input, labor input, and irrigation index have a positive impact.

Guidelines for economic evaluation of post-marketing Chinese patent medicine

With the premise of drug safety and effectiveness, pharmacoeconomic evaluation can provide optimal solutions for diversified decision-making application scenarios from different research perspectives while maximizing the rational utilization of existing healthcare resources. Chinese patent medicine is an essential component of pharmaceutical utilization in China and a significant part of healthcare expenditure in China. However, the economic evaluation of post-marketing Chinese patent medicine is lacking. These evaluations often lack standardization, exhibit varying quality, and are unable to effectively support healthcare decisions, indicating a need for improvement in overall quality. Given this situation, this project has gathered leading experts from China and has strictly adhered to the requirements of the group standards set by the China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine in developing Guidelines for economic evaluation of post-marketing Chinese patent medicine, aiming to provide methodological guidance for the post-market pharmacoeconomic evaluation of Chinese patent medicine, enhancing the standardization of pharmacoeconomic evaluations of Chinese patent medicine and the scientific validity of research results, and thereby elevating the overall quality of pharmacoeconomic evaluations for post-marketing Chinese patent medicine. The guidelines adhere to the framework provided by relevant laws and regulations in China and technical guidance documents. It is based on guidance from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theories, focusing on the unique characteristics of TCM. It covers various aspects of pharmacoeconomic evaluation, including fundamental principles, research topic selection, research question definition, study design type selection, cost identification and measurement, health outcomes, and evaluation methods. The guidelines offer methodological recommendations and decision guidance to address common issues and challenges in the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of post-marketing Chinese patent medicine.

Technical alternatives for coke oven gas utilization in China: A comparative analysis of environment-economic-strategic perspectives

China is the largest coke producer and consumer. There is a pressing need to address the high emissions of air pollutants and carbon dioxide associated with traditional coking production. As the nation pursues a transition towards carbon neutrality, expanding supply chains for coking plants to produce hydrogen, methanol, and other green alternatives has garnered significant attention. However, the relative advantages of these strategies have remained uncertain. In this study, we integrate a life cycle assessment-economic analysis-scenario analysis model to evaluate various coke oven gas (COG) utilization routes (COGtM: COG-to-methanol, COGtLNG: COG-to-liquefied natural gas, COGtSA: COG-to-synthetic ammonia, and COGtH: COG-to-hydrogen). The results indicate that COGtSA emerges as the preferred option for balancing environmental and economic benefits. Meanwhile, COGtM demonstrates economic viability but is associated with higher environmental impacts. Despite being recognized as a significant strategic direction under carbon neutrality initiatives, COGtH faces economic feasibility and risk resilience limitations. COGtLNG encounters both financial and environmental challenges, necessitating strategic development from an energy security perspective. The projected coking capacity is anticipated to experience a slight increase in the mid-term yet a significant decline in the long term, influenced by steel production capacity. In potential future markets, COGtM is estimated to potentially capture a maximum market share of 16–34% in the methanol market. Furthermore, against the backdrop of continuously expanding potential demand for hydrogen, COGtH holds advantages as a transitional solution, but in the long run, it can only meet a small portion of the market. COGtSA can meet 7–14% of market demand and emerges as the most viable pathway from the viewpoint of balancing environmental and economic aspects and covering future markets.

Effect and potential mechanisms of sludge-derived chromium, nickel, and lead on soil nitrification: Implications for sustainable land utilization of digested sludge

Increasing occurrence of heavy metals (HMs) in sewage sludge threatens its widespread land utilization in China due to its potential impact on nutrient cycling in soil, requiring a better understanding of HM-induced impacts on nitrification. Herein, lab-scale experiments were conducted over 185-day, evaluating the effect of sludge-derived chromium (Cr3+), nickel (Ni2+), and lead (Pb2+) on soil nitrification at different concentrations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and linear regression results revealed an inhibitory sequence of gene abundance by HMs’ labile fraction: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)-ammonia monooxygenase (amoA)> nitrite oxidoreductase subunit alpha (nxrA)> nitrite oxidoreductase subunit beta (nxrB). The toxicity of HMs’ incremental labile fraction decreased in the order of Ni2+>Cr3+>Pb2+, with respective threshold values of 5.01, 24.03 and 38.42 mg·kg−1. Furthermore, extending incubation time reduced HMs inhibition on ammonia oxidation, mainly related to their fraction bound to carbonate minerals. Random Forest analysis, variation partitioning analysis, and Mantel test indicated that soil physicochemical properties primarily affected nitrification genes, especially in the test of Cr3+ on AOB-amoA, nxrA, nxrB, Ni2+ for complete ammonia-oxidizing bacteria-amoA, and Pb2+ for nxrA and nxrB. These findings underline the importance of labile HMs fractions and soil physicochemical properties to nitrification, guiding the establishment of HM control standards for sludge utilization.

Saline-alkali soil reclamation and utilization in China: progress and prospects

Saline-alkali soil reclamation and utilization in China: progress and prospects

High-Quality Recycling and Utilization of China’s Steel Scrap Resources in the Context of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

High-Quality Recycling and Utilization of China’s Steel Scrap Resources in the Context of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

Effects of retirement on inpatient healthcare utilisation: an observational study in China

ObjectivePrevious studies have presented mixed evidence on retirement and inpatient healthcare utilisation. We aimed to examine the causal effect of retirement on inpatient healthcare utilisation in China and explore the...

The Current Dilemma of Health Care Data Sharing in China and Its Legal Responses

Promoting the circulation and sharing of health care data is not only a practical necessity for the advancement of the digital economy, but also a key to achieving the strategic goals of China's health care development. However, the sharing and utilization of China's health care data still face a series of challenges, including unclear allocation of rights and interests of data, breaches of personal privacy, misuse of personal information, and an underdeveloped collaborative mechanism. To overcome these barriers in the era of big data, firstly it is necessary to clarify the rights and interests’ allocation of health care data. Health care data involves three categories of stakeholders: patients, medical institutions, and the public. It is essential to appropriately allocate the rights and interests to health care data among patients, medical institutions, and public health management agencies. From the perspective of effectively utilizing health care data, the rights and interests of patients to their personal health care data are merely an extension of their individual rights and do not include the right to use the data in terms of resource utilization. The rights and interests to use health care data for resource utilization should be granted to medical institutions that actually own or control the health care data. For public health management agencies serving the public interest, only necessary rights and interests should be granted when meeting the needs of the public interest. Secondly, it is necessary to balance the inherent contradiction between sharing and privacy. This requires improving the means by which patients can exercise control over their personal information, establishing a tiered protection mechanism based on the type and sensitivity of health care data, and enhancing the enforcement of health care data regulations to ensure the protection of personal privacy and data security. Ensuring efficient sharing of health data, while respecting individual privacy. Lastly, strengthening the collaborative mechanism for health care data, accelerating the compilation of a health care data resource catalog, and developing universal standards for health care data. From both technical and institutional perspectives, this lays the foundation for the orderly and secure sharing of health care data.
 
 促进健康医疗数据的流通、共享，既是推动数字经济发展的现实需要，也是实现中国健康医疗发展战略目标的关键。然而，中国健康医疗数据共享利用仍然面临数据权益配置不明、个人隐私泄露、个人信息被滥用、协作机制不健全等一系列问题。为了破解大数据时代健康医疗数据共享利用的现实壁垒，首先是要明晰健康医疗数据的权益配置。健康医疗数据涉及患者个人、医疗机构、社会公众三类利益主体，需要妥当配置患者个人、医疗机构和公共卫生管理机构对健康医疗数据的权益。从有效利用健康医疗数据的角度来看，患者对其个人健康医疗数据的权益只是个人权利的延伸，并不包括健康医疗数据资源化利用意义上的使用权。健康医疗数据资源化利用的使用权，应该赋予实际上拥有或控制健康医疗数据的医疗机构。而对服务于公共利益的公共卫生管理机构而言，只应赋予其必要的权益以满足公共利益的需要。其次，还需平衡共享与隐私的内在矛盾，需完善患者个人信息自决的行使途径，健全基于医疗健康数据类型及其敏感性的分级保护机制，并且通过加强健康医疗数据的执法进一步让个人隐私、数据安全得到保证。确保医疗健康数据高效共享的同时，又让个人隐私得到应有的尊重。最后，强化医疗健康数据的协作机制，加快编制医疗健康数据资源目录，制定医疗健康数据通用标准。从技术、制度层面，进一步奠定医疗健�

The Analysis of Slot Optimization Based on the Top Trading Cycle Method in China Hub Airport

China's aviation industry is facing a scarcer development space. In the absence of means to enhance airport capacity, airport slots have been attached great importance as a scarce resource. Due to the lagging development of China's aviation industry and its detailed fields, slot allocation in China is unscientific, and as a scarce resource, slot utilization in China has much room for improvement. After analyzing the current situation of China's slot allocation system, imperfect laws, regulations and slow marketization process, this paper proposes that the construction of the secondary market can be a substitute for China in the process of exploring the primary market mode, which can be used to significantly improve the utilization and efficiency of slot resources temporarily. This paper introduces in detail the operation method of the Top Trading Cycle (TTC) algorithm and the Top Trading Cycle-Collaborative Decision Making (TTC-CDM) algorithm in the slot allocation secondary market and the short-term potential of solving slot resource shortage, which provides directional guidance for the development space of China's aviation industry.

Research on intangible cultural heritage resource description and knowledge fusion based on linked data

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to contribute to the digital development and utilization of China’s intangible cultural heritage resources, research on the theft of intangible cultural heritage resources and knowledge integration based on linked data is proposed to promote the standardized description of intangible cultural heritage knowledge and realize the digital dissemination and development of intangible cultural heritage.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, firstly, the knowledge organization theory and semantic Web technology are used to describe the intangible cultural heritage digital resource objects in metadata specifications. Secondly, the ontology theory and technical methods are used to build a conceptual model of the intangible cultural resources field and determine the concept sets and hierarchical relationships in this field. Finally, the semantic Web technology is used to establish semantic associations between intangible cultural heritage resource knowledge.FindingsThe study findings indicate that the knowledge organization of intangible cultural heritage resources constructed in this study provides a solution for the digital development of intangible cultural heritage in China. It also provides semantic retrieval with better knowledge granularity and helps to visualize the knowledge content of intangible cultural heritage.Originality/valueThis study summarizes and provides significant theoretical and practical value for the digital development of intangible cultural heritage and the resource description and knowledge fusion of intangible cultural heritage can help to discover the semantic relationship of intangible cultural heritage in multiple dimensions and levels.

The role of physical activity on healthcare utilization in China

BackgroundEvidence on the role of physical activity (PA) on healthcare utilization and expenditure is limited in China. We aimed to examine the association between the total physical activity (TPA) per week, healthcare service use and expenditure.MethodsWe extracted the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011, 2013, and 2015. Participants more than 50 years old who completed the follow-up for the three waves were enrolled. We converted the volume of vigorous physical activity (VPA) into an equivalent volume of moderate physical activity (MPA) and calculated the TPA per week for each participant. 12,927 of the 17,708 participants in CHARLS were included in our analysis. More than one-third of participants over 50 years old never participate in any moderate or intensity activity, and the median of self-reported moderate or intensity PA was about 525 (IQR 0–1680) MET-minutes per week in 2015.ResultsCompared to inactive subjects, the highest level of TPA was significantly related to the decreased risk number of inpatient visits (IRR: 0.58; 95% CI:0.50–0.67, p < 0.001), inpatient hospital days (IRR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.42–0.84, p < 0.01), healthcare expenditure (IRR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.65–0.79, p < 0.001) and catastrophic health expenditures (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.45–0.72, p < 0.001) after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionsEngaging in moderate-to-vigorous PA may drive a potential decrease in healthcare utilization, healthcare expenditure and household financial risk with a dose–response relationship in China, and some possible policy implications in public health may be considered to promote exercise in the middle-aged and elderly to reduce the medical burden on individuals and healthcare systems.

Houttuynia cordata thunb. alleviates inflammatory bowel disease by modulating intestinal microenvironment: a research review.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex group of chronic intestinal diseases, the cause of which has not yet been clarified, but it is widely believed that the disorder of the intestinal microenvironment and its related functional changes are key factors in the development of the disease. Houttuynia cordata thunb. is a traditional plant with abundant resources and long history of utilization in China, which has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its potential in the treatment of IBD. However, its development and utilization are limited owing to the aristolochic acid alkaloids contained in it. Therefore, based on the relationship between the intestinal microenvironment and IBD, this article summarizes the potential mechanisms by which the main active ingredients of Houttuynia cordata thunb., such as volatile oils, polysaccharides, and flavonoids, and related traditional Chinese medicine preparations, such as Xiezhuo Jiedu Formula, alleviate IBD by regulating the intestinal microenvironment. At the same time, combined with current reports, the medicinal and edible safety of Houttuynia cordata thunb. is explained for providing ideas for further research and development of Houttuynia chordate thunb. in IBD disease, more treatment options for IBD patients, and more insights into the therapeutic potential of plants with homology of medicine and food in intestinal diseases, and even more diseases.

Effects of GBFS content and curing methods on the working performance and microstructure of ternary geopolymers based on high-content steel slag

Aimed to address the low utilization rate of steel slag (SS) and its challenge in resource utilization in China, this study developed ternary geopolymers made by high-content (50%) SS together with fly ash (FA) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS). The effects of GBFS content (0–40%) and curing methods (water curing, standard curing, sealed curing, and heat curing) on the working performance and microstructure of geopolymers were investigated. Microscopic analysis such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to investigate the hydration process and products of geopolymers under different curing conditions and GBFS content. The results indicated that when the GBFS content increased from 0% to 40%, the fluidity of the mixture decreased by 11.7%, the initial setting time of the geopolymer slurry decreased by 76%, and the geopolymer mortar’s 28d compressive strength increased from 31.9 MPa to 60.6 MPa. At room temperature, the geopolymer mortar’s 28d compressive strength was higher under standard curing (70.8 MPa) compared to water curing (57.5 MPa) and sealed curing (68 MPa). The geopolymer mortar cured at 60 °C for 24 h exhibited the highest 28d compressive strength (76.3 MPa). However, excessively high curing temperatures or prolonged durations led to more shrinkage cracks and reduced the compressive strength. The microscopic analysis revealed that the main gel products of ternary geopolymer were C-(A)-S-H gel. The amount of gel products is directly related to the strength of geopolymers. The developed ternary geopolymer has the potential to promote the large-scale utilization of SS in the concrete industry, making a significant contribution to sustainable development.

Formation mechanisms and resource potential of carbonate geothermal reservoirs in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei plain

Investigating the formation mechanisms of carbonate geothermal reservoirs is of theoretical and practical significance for summarizing the formation pattern of geothermal resources and further guiding their effective exploitation. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain (BTHP), predominantly located within the Jizhong Depression and Cangxian Uplift in the Bohai Bay Basin, serves as the primary region for geothermal exploitation and utilization in China. More than 1500 geothermal wells have been drilled therein, with water temperature at the wellhead ranging from 55 to 110 °C, single-well flow rate ranging between 80 and 120 m3/h, and cumulative heating area exceeding 100 × 106 m3. However, the exploration and research in the region remain limited overall. As per the previous geothermal and petroleum exploration results and the latest geothermal drilling data, this study comprehensively evaluated the geothermal resources of karst geothermal reservoirs. The results show that two suites of carbonate karst reservoirs, namely the Jxw Formation and the Ordovician strata, have primarily developed in the BTHP, and their formation and evolution can be divided into four stages: the Mesoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic stage with carbonate sedimentation and the development of interlayer karst, the Late Paleozoic stage with the development of direct sedimentary cover, the Mesozoic stage with compressional uplifting and development of buried hill karst, and the Cenozoic stage with regional cover deposition and the modification and finalization of karst geothermal reservoirs. Accordingly, the porosity evolution history of the geothermal reservoirs is composed of three stages, namely a significant decrease followed by a minor increase, a gradual decline, and then a small fluctuation from increase to decrease before slowly rising again. The karstification in geothermal reservoirs can be summarized into quasi-syngenetic karstification, epigenetic karstification, and burial karstification, which can be subdivided into seven subcategories. The carbonate geothermal reservoirs in the study area boast total geothermal resources of 53.821 × 109 GJ, or 184.155 × 109 t of standard coal equivalent (tce), and the annual exploitable geothermal resources in the urban area can heat an area of (400‒500) × 106 m3, indicating great potential of geothermal exploitation.