Utility Interconnection Research Articles

Utility Interconnection Experience with an Operating Central Station MW-Sized Photovoltaic Plant

During its first year, the photovoltaic plant performed well during peak summer periods. Interconnection concerns, primarily from harmonics, have been greatly reduced knowing that clean inversion has been demonstrated. Limits on the use of photovoltaics in the remainder of this century will not likely be technical or operational, but rather economic. Questions will arise regarding the integration of photovoltaics into utility systems. Questions, such as environmental impacts, design optimizations, and maintenance requirements will undoubtably arise but should not pose insurmountable obstacles to the industry.

Utility Interconnection Experience with an Operating Central Station MW-Sized Photovoltaic Plant

During its first year, the photovoltaic plant performed well during peak summer periods. Interconnection concerns, primarily from harmonics, have been greatly reduced knowing that clean inversion has been demonstrated. Limits on the use of photovoltaics in the remainder of this century will not likely be technical or operational, but rather economic. Questions will arise regarding the integration of photovoltaics into utility systems. Questions, such as environmental impacts, design optimizations, and maintenance requirements will undoubtably arise but should not pose insurmountable obstacles to the industry.

Contracts for Electric Utility Interconnections

There is a great variety of agreements and contracts governing the interconnections between electric utilities. Some of the variation is due to differing conditions and some is the result of independent approach to similar problems. This paper reviews the reasons for different philosophies and forms of contracts and suggests ways of covering special problems. An outline of the fundamental requirements for a contract is included.