Mouse Uterine Tissue Research Articles

Expression Pattern of E- and P-Cadherin in Mouse Embryos and Uteri during the Periimplantation Period: (implantation/mouse embryo/cell adhesion molecules E-cadherin/P-cadherin).

Periimplantation mouse embryos and uterine tissues were examined by means of immunohistochemistry for their expression of the Ca2+ dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules, E- and P-cadherin. E-cadherin was detected in all embryonic cells during periimplantation stages, and also detected in the uterine epithelium. When blastocysts attached to the uterine epithelium, E-cadherin was detected at implantation sites between the mural trophectoderm and the uterine epithelium on 5 day of pregnancy. P-cadherin was first detected in the mural trophectoderm on 4.5-day blastocysts, and then detected in the ectoplacental cone, giant cells and visceral endoderm from 5.5 day. P-cadherin was also detected in the maternal uterine decidual cells from 5.5 day. After degeneration of uterine epithelial cells, giant cells make direct contact with uterine decidual cells, and P-cadherin was detected at contact sites between these cells. Thus, the complicated process of implantation seems to be supported by temporal and spatial expression of the multiple classes of cadherins.

Prostaglandin (PG) accumulation [formula omitted] by mouse ovaries, oviducts, and uteri

Uteri, ovaries and oviducts from mice were collected at autopsy. Tissue slices were incubated with [ 3H]-PGE 2 in the presence or absence of a large excess (100 fold) of nonradioactive PGE 2 using 0.01M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). Bound and free PGs were separated by a filtration technique. PGE 2 accumulation by the uteri was evaluated as a function of incubation time, wet weight of tissues, and reproductive state. The tissue to medium ratio (T/M) was greater than 1.0 for uteri as the time of incubation increased. This suggests the presence of PGE 2 binding sites in mouse uterine tissue. Also, PGE 2 accumulation was not observed in oviducts or in ovaries.

Immunodetection of estrogen receptor in epithelial and stromal tissues of neonatal mouse uterus.

The tissue distribution and levels of estrogen receptor in neonatal mouse uterine tissue were determined in epithelial and stromal fractions separated by mild enzymatic treatment. Proteins of the isolated fractions were separated by gel electrophoresis and receptor was detected on immunoblots with monoclonal antibody H-222. Estrogen receptor protein was detectable in samples of reproductive tract tissue from 5- and 10-day-old mice. The level of receptor in 5-day-old animals was lower per unit DNA in epithelial cells than in stroma. Receptor levels were increased in both tissue types after treatment with diethylstilbestrol, but not with progesterone. Receptor protein present in these neonatal tissues was able to bind steroid as evidenced by affinity labeling with tamoxifen aziridine. Immunohistochemistry on sections of uteri from 4- and 10-day-old mice confirmed the biochemical results and indicated lower nuclear straining in epithelial cells than in stromal cells of uteri of 4-day-old mice. These results demonstrated that estrogen receptor protein is present in both epithelium and stroma of the neonatal mouse uterus, but at a higher level in stromal cells.

Biological effect of guava oestrone on uterine tissue of mice

Biological effect of guava oestrone on uterine tissue of mice

Effect of oestradiol-17 beta on uterine epidermal growth factor concentration in immature mice.

Using a specific and sensitive epidermal growth factor radioimmunoassay (EGF-RIA) we have identified EGF in immature mouse uterine tissue. In 16 day old mice a single injection of oestradiol-17 beta (E2) elicited an increase in uterine wet weight in 24 h but did not affect uterine EGF concentration. Sequential injection of E2 for a 7 day period increased both uterine wet weight and EGF concentration suggesting that change in EGF concentration is a delayed E2 response. The continuous treatment did not alter liver or submandibular gland tissue EGF concentrations, but significantly increased kidney EGF content. These data reveal that both uterine and renal tissue EGF concentrations are subject to modulation by E2 in developing mice.

Mouse uterine alkaline phosphatase: improved purification by affinity chromatography and further characterization of the enzyme.

An improved procedure for the purification of alkaline phosphatase from about 10 g of day 7 pregnant mouse uterine tissue is described. Following homogenization, the procedure involved solubilization and extraction with 0.8% (v/v) Triton X-100 and 20% (v/v) n-butanol, ammonium sulfate precipitation, concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, DEAE-cellulose anion-exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S200 gel filtration. On subjecting 2162-fold purified enzyme preparations to polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, a single band of protein coincident with the zone of enzyme activity and having an apparent molecular weight of 205 000 +/- 10 000 was identified. Affinity chromatography yielded the largest increase in purity of any step in the procedure and established the glycoprotein nature of the uterine enzyme. Some metalloenzyme properties of the phosphatase were also studied and it was demonstrated that both Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions are necessary for hydrolytic activity. Treatment with neuraminidases retarded the anodal migration of the enzyme during electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes but did not influence its activity or catalytic properties. These results suggest that the uterine alkaline phosphatase is a sialoglycoprotein. The sialic acid residues, however, do not appear to constitute part of the active centre of the enzyme. In addition, the optimum pH for activity depended on substrate concentration and decreased with decreasing substrate concentration. Apparent Km values also depended on variations in pH and decreased with decreasing pH. Plots of pKm versus pH revealed a functional group with a pK value of 9.45. The enzyme also hydrolysed a variety of compounds having either phosphomonoester or pyrophosphate linkages and was inactivated after heating at 60 degrees C for 15 min. The activation energy, determined from a linear Arrhenius plot, was 50.1 kJ mol-1.

Target tissues for relaxin identified in vitro with 125I-labelled porcine relaxin

Various tissues from the mouse, rat and guinea-pig were used to examine the binding of a biologically active, esterified and 125I-labelled porcine relaxin. Binding to mouse symphysial homogenates was time- and temperature-dependent. Other peptide hormones did not complete with relaxin for binding. Mouse uterine tissue displayed similar binding characteristics. Fractionated mammary tissue from 15- and 20-day-pregnant rats exhibited significant relaxin binding activity, as did homogenates of the guinea-pig public symphysis and cervix. Under the conditions used, no relaxin receptors were noted in the liver, spleen or heart from any of the species investigated.

RNA Tumor Virus Expression in Mouse Uterine Tissue During Pregnancy

Pregnancy resulted in a bi-phasic increase in total type C virus p30 in the uteri of NIH Swiss mice. The first, a two-fold increase, occurred shortly after coitus (≤4 da) and the second, which culminated as a ten-fold increase over precoitus levels, occurred during the terminal week of gestation. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence of uterine tissue demonstrated virus within the uterine secretory epithelium. Mature particles were seen in the intercellular spaces of the endometrium, as well as budding from epithelial cells proximal to the basal lamina.

Preferential Uptake of 14C‐α‐Aminoisobuturic Acid into Mouse Uterine Tissue during Early Pregnancy

The uptake of 14C-AIB into uterine tissue and some other organs was studied during early implantation. Mice in experimentally delayed implantation were given estrogen and 14C-AIB at different time intervals. Mice in delayed implantation given only 14C-AIB displayed a low transport rate into the uterine tissue, comparable with that for the diaphragm muscle. However, if the estrogen injection preceeded that of the 14C-AIB by 4 to 8 h the transport capacity increased by a factor of at least 4 times while the uptake for the diaphargm muscle remained low. Under such conditions 14C-AIB-accumulation into uterine tissue was favoured for at least 4 h of in vivo incubation with the labeled amino acid.

Oncornaviral protein modulation in mouse uterine tissue by estrogen (38467).

Treatment of ovariectomized NIH Swiss mice with estrogens elevated the level of the murine leukemia virus group specific protein and the activity of an RNA-directed DNA polymerase in the uterus. The extent that these markers were raised was dependent on the relative biological potency of the estrogen and on the time interval following treatment. Increases in the levels of both viral marker proteins were evident within 24 hr of treatment and were highest at 48 hr. Subsequently, viral protein levels declined to pretreatment levels.

Extraction of Collagenase from the 6000x gSediment of Uterine and Skin Tissues of Mice A Comparative Study

An enzyme capable of digesting native collagen in solution at neutral pH was extracted from the 6 000 times g sediment of the involuting uterus of the mouse and of the back skins of mice and rats. The collagenase could be dissociated at cold-room temperature from the sediment in about equal amounts when neutral Tris buffer containing 1.0M NaCl or 5M urea was used for the extraction step. The enzyme has been concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and the activity was measured by using [14C]collagen in solution at pH 7.5. Collagen breakdown products were identified by disc electrophoresis. The amount of enzyme extracted was a function of temperature and salt concentration. As 5M urea extracted collagenase from the sediment in a relatively short time, this method of extraction seems to be a useful tool for serial experiments in the study of collagenase activity in collagen-rich tissues.

Scanning electron microscopy of the luminal epithelium of the mouse uterus.

Four methods of manipulating mouse uterine tissue during fixation, preparatory to examination of the luminal epithelium by scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.), are described and the results assessed. The appearance of the epithelium varies according to the technique used, the choice of method depending on the type of information required from the S.E.M. study. Surface topography is preserved in a condition most closely resembling that of fresh tissue by opening the uterus and fixing the tissue flat. Critical examination of cellular and subcellular surface detail, however, depends on adequate spreading of the epithelial layer during fixation by distension of the uterine lumen under positive pressure. The method of tissue manipulation has a more profound effect on the appearance of the sample than any of the dehydration techniques which follow. For routine S.E.M. examinations at medium magnifications (smaller than X10,000), specimens which were air dried from alcohol, acetone or ether, or freeze dried, gave satisfactory results. Air drying from amyl acetate, and CO2 critical-point drying gave superior results at higher magnifications (greater than X10,000) with better preservation of individual microvilli.

Activation of C-type RNA virus markers in mouse uterine tissue.

Synthetic estrogenic compounds, both steroidal and nonsteroidal, and radiation activate markers of C-type virus information in mouse uterine tissue. Both the group-specific viral antigen and the RNA-directed DNA polymerase can be detected within 4 days after stimulation. These observations strengthen the concept of host-modified control mechanisms for expression of C-type virus markers.

Retention of oestradiol-17beta applied locally in the uteri of ovariectomized mice treated with progesterone.

Progesterone alters the responses of mouse uterine tissues to oestradiol-17β (Martin & Finn, 1968). The following experiment was done to determine if these effects involved any change in the uterine metabolism of oestradiol. Twenty female albino mice were spayed under tribromoethanol (Avertin) anaesthesia and 1 week later were primed with three daily s.c. injections of 100 ng. oestradiol-17β in arachis oil. After a further 2 days without treatment, half the animals were given three daily s.c. injections of 1 mg. progesterone in oil and the remainder arachis oil alone. On the day after the last injection half the progesterone-treated, and half the untreated mice were given an intraluminal injection of 50 pg. (12 nc) of [6,7-3H]oestradiol-17β in 1·0 μl. physiological saline delivered from a Hamilton syringe into the ovarian end of the left uterine horn. One hour later all the animals were killed by cervical dislocation and the

The effect of menstruation on immediate skin reactions in patients with respiratory allergy.

It is known that hormonal imbalance affect’s hypcrsensitivity. It has also been shown1 that the uterine tissues of mice in estrus were significantly morc sensitive to small amounts of serotonin and acetylcholine in Schultz-Dale tcsts than t,he uteri of mice not in estrus. Suppression of immediate skin tests has been obscrvcd while the known reactor was under hypnosis.2 Antihistamines,” aminophylline,4 and the sympathicomimetic drugs5 such as epinephrine, ephedrine and isoproterenol havc been shown to suppress immediate skin reactions for various allergens, but ACTH and cortisone in therapeutic doses do not significantly altcr these reactions.6 Antihistamines are especially effective in inhibiting reactions, as is aminophyllinc, but to a lesser extent. FeinbergT rcc~ciit~ly reported a tranquillizer which diminishes skin reaction in monkeys. If the full benefits are to be expected from skin tests, all unfavorable infliicnccs upon them must be eliminated. It is known that skin tests may bccome negative during, or immediately after, a severe allergic attack, and c.l(vation in temperature also reduces the reaction. The airn of this papcr is to investigate the influencc of menstruation on skin reaction in allcrgic people.