Uterine Horn Research Articles

Histomorphometric comparison of left and right oviduct structure from alpaca (Vicugna pacos).

Alpacas are species of induced ovulation and with foetal development only in the left uterine horn (98%). The histoarchitecture of the oviductal regions determine a spatio-temporal interaction between the gametes/embryos and the oviduct. This study compares the morphometric changes of the left and right oviducts in alpaca during the follicular phase. Five oviducts (n = 05), from adult alpacas with dominant follicle in the right ovary were recovered, dissected, and processed by histological technique with H&E and PAS stain for measurement of morphometric parameters and cell characteristics, respectively. Also, a 3D image reconstruction was performed (by reconstruct software). Resin moulds (polyurethane PU4ii) were applied for visualization of oviductal lumen. The multivariable data of parameters were analysed with ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA). The histomorphometric parameters of left and right oviducts did not show statistically significant differences (p ≥ 0.05), although PCA showed morphometric differences between regions of the oviduct. No differences were observed between the 3D reconstruction of the left and right oviducts, as well as in the luminal spaces examined in the resin moulds. In conclusion, the histomorphometry of the oviduct is not affected by its location on either the left or right side; therefore, it cannot explain why 98% of foetuses implant in the left uterus.

Unicornuate Uterus with a Non-Communicating Rudimentary Horn in a Palestinian Patient with Familial Mediterranean Fever: Case Report

Rudimentary non-communicating functional uterine horn with unicornuate uterus, originating from anomalous embryological development of one Mullerian duct, is prone to different complications either at the gynecological or obstetrical level such as chronic pelvic pain, hematometra, subfertility and decreased quality of life. This unique case report presents a 14-year-old female with a history of severe chronic pelvic pain. She was diagnosed with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) and had an appendectomy for suspected appendicitis within the symptoms’ interval. Ultrasound showed a right 5*6 cm right complex cystic mass assuming ovarian in place. She underwent a suspected endometrioma cystectomy operation and was diagnosed with left unicornuate uterus with right functional non-communicating rudimentary horn. The patient was followed up and mentioned marked improvement of her previous pain attacks. Her family members observed marked improvement in her usual daily activities and quality of life. Occult non-communicating uterine horn are frequently misdiagnosed due to its rarity and unspecific symptoms. The diagnosis of Mullerian anomalies should be added to the differential diagnoses for women with infertility, chronic abdominal and pelvic pain, and dysmenorrhea to avoid the patients’ agony and to alleviate their quality of life.

Lactoferrin/sialic acid prevents adverse effects of intrauterine growth restriction on neurite length: investigations in an in vitro rabbit neurosphere model.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a well-known cause of impaired neurodevelopment during life. In this study, we aimed to characterize alterations in neuronal development underlying IUGR and discover strategies to ameliorate adverse neurodevelopment effects by using a recently established rabbit in vitro neurosphere culture. IUGR was surgically induced in pregnant rabbits by ligation of placental vessels in one uterine horn, while the contralateral horn remained unaffected for normal growth (control). At this time point, rabbits were randomly assigned to receive either no treatment, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), melatonin (MEL), or lactoferrin (LF) until c-section. Neurospheres consisting of neural progenitor cells were obtained from control and IUGR pup's whole brain and comparatively analyzed for the ability to differentiate into neurons, extend neurite length, and form dendritic branching or pre-synapses. We established for the very first time a protocol to cultivate control and IUGR rabbit neurospheres not only for 5 days but under long-term conditions up to 14 days under differentiation conditions. Additionally, an in vitro evaluation of these therapies was evaluated by exposing neurospheres from non-treated rabbits to DHA, MEL, and SA (sialic acid, which is the major lactoferrin compound) and by assessing the ability to differentiate neurons, extend neurite length, and form dendritic branching or pre-synapses. We revealed that IUGR significantly increased the neurite length after 5 days of cultivation in vitro, a result in good agreement with previous in vivo findings in IUGR rabbits presenting more complex dendritic arborization of neurons in the frontal cortex. MEL, DHA, and SA decreased the IUGR-induced length of primary dendrites in vitro, however, only SA was able to reduce the total neurite length to control level in IUGR neurospheres. After prenatal in vivo administration of SAs parent compound LF with subsequent evaluation in vitro, LF was able to prevent abnormal neurite extension. We established for the first time the maintenance of the rabbit neurosphere culture for 14 days under differentiation conditions with increasing complexity of neuronal length and branching up to pre-synaptic formation. From the therapies tested, LF or its major compound, SA, prevents abnormal neurite extension and was therefore identified as the most promising therapy against IUGR-induced changes in neuronal development.

Morphological characteristics of the placenta of Balami and Yankasa ewes at different stages of gestation in Maiduguri, Nigeria

The morphological characteristics of the placenta of Yankasa and Balami ewes were evaluated. Uteri of 20 pregnant Yankasa and Balami ewes were collected as abattoir waste from Maiduguri Municipal abattoir and were placed in containers containing 10% neutral buffered formalin. Using the crown-rump length (CRL) method of estimating the ages of the foetuses, they were grouped into three gestational stages. In both breeds, 50% of pregnancy occurred in the left uterine horn; in the Yankasa, 20% and 30% occur in the right uterine horn, and both (twining), respectively. While in the Balami, 40% and 10% occurred in the right and both (twinning) uterine horns, respectively. The results showed that the placenta-maternal contact in both breeds was fragile in the first stage, firm in the second stage, and loose in the third stage. The results showed that there were significant changes (P<0.001) in the mean weight, length, and width of the placentomes in all three stages. Three types of placenta appearances were identified in the Yankasa ewe: concave, convex, and flat, while two types of appearances in the Balami ewe were concave and convex. In the light microscopy evaluation, the trophoblastic epithelia of both ewes were composed of mononucleated, binucleated cells and syncytia. Endometrial glands were also observed in the inter-placental space. In conclusion, this study has shown that in both breeds, the cotyledonary surfaces of the placentae were mostly concave, followed by convex, and a mixture of the two (concave/convex). The trophoblast epithelia are positioned to control the movement of substances across foetal and maternal tissues. Even though little is still known about the regulation of these cells in the trophoblast epithelia, they are believed to be responsible for the synthesis of hormones such as lactogen for the maintenance of the pregnancy before parturition.

A Decellularized Uterine Endometrial Scaffold Enhances Regeneration of the Endometrium in Rats.

Partial or whole regeneration of the uterine endometrium using extracellular matrix (ECM)-based scaffolds is a therapeutic strategy for uterine infertility due to functional and/or structural endometrial defects. Here, we examined whether the entire endometrium can be regenerated circumferentially using an acellular ECM scaffold (decellularized endometrial scaffold, DES) prepared from rat endometrium. We placed a silicone tube alone to prevent adhesions or a DES loaded with a silicone tube into a recipient uterus in which the endometrium had been surgically removed circumferentially. Histological and immunofluorescent analyses of the uteri one month after tube placement revealed more abundant regenerated endometrial stroma in the uterine horns treated with tube-loaded DES compared to those treated with a tube alone. Luminal and glandular epithelia, however, were not fully recapitulated. These results suggest that DES can enhance the regeneration of endometrial stroma but additional intervention(s) are needed to induce epithelization. Furthermore, the prevention of adhesions alone allowed the endometrial stroma to regenerate circumferentially even without a DES, but to a lesser degree than that with a DES. The use of a DES together with the prevention of adhesions may be beneficial for efficient endometrial regeneration in the uterus that is largely deficient of endometrium.

Effect of feeding sesame (Sesamum indicum) seed on reproductive events in post-partum Murrah buffaloes – A pilot study

The present study was carried out to evaluate a traditional practice on buffalo reproductive events during postpartum period. Eighteen Murrah buffaloes’ parity ranged between 2nd and 9th were included in the study. A mixture of 250 g sesame and 250 g jaggery made as an electuary and fed to the treatment group (Sesame fed group) of buffaloes, the first dose of this electuary was fed within 30 min of calving and continued daily once till eighth day post-partum. The control group was given 250 g jaggery and 350 g of compound feed to ensure equal quantity of protein and energy to both the groups. The results indicate that buffaloes which were fed sesame within 30 min post-partum have expelled fetal membranes significantly (p<0.001) quicker than buffaloes of control group. Continuous sesame feeding had evacuated the uterus from lochial discharges in shorter time. Feeding sesame for first eight days of post-partum had accelerated the uterine involution process with significant (p<0.001) reduction in time taken for attaining normalcy of palpable internal genitalia and symmetrical uterine horns. The time taken for expression of observable first post-partum heat was reduced significantly (p<0.001) by feeding sesame for eight days. The observations of this study indicate that feeding sesame seed to the buffaloes for 8 days of postpartum would enhance fertility.

Abstract 4236: Obesity-associated endometrial cancer: Identifying the contributions of TMEM205 expression to the pathogenesis of disease

Abstract Background & Objective: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the US. EC is more strongly associated with obesity than any other cancer type, with 57% of cases linked to obesity. As rates of obesity increase, the incidence of EC is also rising with worsening prognosis. The objective of this study is to identify the molecular mechanisms of TMEM205 expression that regulate exosome secretion, and the oncogenic proteins that underlie this transformation. Our findings are critical to understanding the pathways of obesity mediated EC and essential for developing novel strategies for preventing and treating EC. Methods: The exosomes were then quantified using nanoparticle tracking analyzer (NTA) and their size measured by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TMEM205, STAT5, FAS and PIAS3 expression was confirmed by IHC, WB and RT-PCR in patient and high fat diet treated mouse tissue. Endometrial hyperplasia was developed in immunocompetent mice using high fat diet (HFD; 45 kcal% fat diet) for 16 weeks. Results: To examine the effect of a continuous HFD (45 kcal% fat diet) on adipose, uterine and endometrial tissue, we first investigated body weight and uterine morphology in mice after 24 weeks of treatment. As expected, mice fed a HFD had a significantly higher body weight and increased adipose tissue when compared to control. In addition, mice in the HFD group showed marked enlargement in uterine horn size (hyperplasia) and inflammation with increased cell proliferation in the endometrial layer. The HFD treated mice were associated with increased exosome secretion and expression of the oncogenic proteins TMEM205 and STAT5. Expression of the tumor suppressor gene PIAS3 wasdownregulated in adipose and uterine tissues. L-2265 is a small molecule inhibitor that selectively inhibits TMEM205 and exosome secretion in EC cancer cells. To examine the effect of L-2263 in the context of obesity, we fed mice a HFD and treatment with L-2263 (2mg/kg/) weekly for 3 doses. L-2263 treatment resulted in significantly decreased body weight (BW) and decreased accumulation of adipose tissue relative to control HFD treated mice. Mice in the HFD group showed marked enlargement in uterine horn size (hyperplasia), whereas mice that received L-2263 treatment had normal uterine morphology of mouse age. L-2263 treated mice also demonstrated a significant decrease in the expression of proteins involved in exosome secretion (e.g., TMEM205 and STAT5) and those found in exosomes. Conclusion: This study provides fundamental insight into the mechanism of obesity-mediated TMEM205 expression and exosome secretion and their contribution to the pathogenesis of EC. This study is also provides pre-clinical evidence for the development of the first in-human studies of exosome-targeted therapies to prevent obesity-mediated EC. Citation Format: Takahiko Sakaue, Roman Zingarelli, Wafa Khadraoui, Uksha Saini, John Wallbillich, Muralidharan Anbazhakan, Ross Warner, Kalpana Deepa Priya Dorayappan, Deepika Kalaiyarasan, Molly Morton, Casey Cosgrove, Adrian Suarez, Larry J. Maxwell, David O'Malley, David E. Cohn, Karuppaiyah Selvendiran. Obesity-associated endometrial cancer: Identifying the contributions of TMEM205 expression to the pathogenesis of disease. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4236.

Homogenous subpopulation of human mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles restore function of endometrium in an experimental rat model of Asherman syndrome

BackgroundAsherman syndrome (AS), or intrauterine adhesions, is a main cause of infertility in reproductive age women after endometrial injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates for therapies that repair damaged endometria. However, concerns about their efficacy are attributed to heterogeneity of the cell populations and EVs. A homogenous population of MSCs and effective EV subpopulation are needed to develop potentially promising therapeutic options in regenerative medicine.MethodsAS model was induced by mechanical injury in adult rat uteri. Then, the animals were treated immediately with homogeneous population of human bone marrow-derived clonal MSCs (cMSCs), heterogenous parental MSCs (hMSCs), or cMSCs-derived EV subpopulations (EV20K and EV110K). The animals were sacrificed two weeks post-treatment and uterine horns were collected. The sections were taken, and hematoxylin–eosin was used to examine the repair of endometrial structure. Fibrosis was measured by Masson’s trichrome staining and α-SMA and cell proliferation by Ki67 immunostaining. The function of the uteri was explored by the result of mating trial test. Expression changes of TNFα, IL-10, VEGF, and LIF were assayed by ELISA.ResultsHistological analysis indicated fewer glands, thinner endometria, increased fibrotic areas, and decreased proliferation of epithelial and stroma of the uteri in the treated compared with intact and sham-operated animals. However, these parameters improved after transplantation of both types of cMSCs and hMSCs and/or both cryopreserved EVs subpopulations. The cMSCs demonstrated more successful implantation of the embryos in comparison with hMSCs. The tracing of the transplanted cMSCs and EVs showed that they migrated and localized in the uteri. Protein expression analysis results demonstrated downregulation of proinflammatory factor TNFα and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and endometrial receptivity cytokines VEGF and LIF in cMSC- and EV20K-treated animals.ConclusionTransplantation of MSCs and EVs contributed to endometrial repair and restoration of reproductive function, likely by inhibition of excessive fibrosis and inflammation, enhancement of endometrial cell proliferation, and regulation of molecular markers related to endometrial receptivity. Compared to classical hMSCs, cMSCs were more efficient than hMSCs in restoration of reproductive function. Moreover, EV20K is more cost-effective and feasible for prevention of AS in comparison with conventional EVs (EV110K).

Low-dose methotrexate-induced renal failure in a patient with ectopic pregnancy: a case report

BackgroundMethotrexate is an anticancer drug from the antimetabolite class. It is also used in gynecology and obstetrics for the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancies. Low-dose methotrexate-induced adverse toxic effects are rare. We report a case of toxic effect associated with severe renal insufficiency induced by LD-MTX (Low-Dose Methotrexate) for ectopic pregnancy.Case presentationA 46-year-old Chinese woman was in an operation for an ectopic pregnancy of tubal interstitial pregnancy. The embryo villus was so little that we were not sure if it was evacuated, then it was followed with 50 mg methotrexate injection of intramuscular adjacent the uterine horn in the operation. 48 hour later after injection the patient presented with renal failure. The personalized genetic testing showed that MTHFR (677C > T) and ABCB1 (3435T > C) were detected. Gradually, the symptoms improved after calcium leucovorin (CF) rescue, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), promoting blood system regeneration, and multiple supportive treatments.ConclusionsWhen toxic effects are suspected, detecting the polymorphisms of an MTHFR gene and monitoring MTX concentration in blood could assist us to formulate individualized and active treatments. The management should be multidisciplinary and as much as possible within an intensive care unit.

Bilateral Cornual Resection for Uterine-sparing Removal of Tubal Sterilization Devices

To describe a uterine-sparing minimally invasive surgical technique for laparoscopic resection of tubal occlusion devices using bilateral cornuectomy. This video reviews the background of the tubal occlusion device known as Essure, as well as the indications and methods for surgical removal with a stepwise demonstration of a minimally invasive technique with narrated video footage. The most cited reason for patients' desire for removal of the Essure device is pelvic pain. Both hysteroscopic and laparoscopic methods have been utilized for removal of these devices. Laparoscopy is indicated if it has been greater than three months since insertion, if a coil is noted to be malpositioned, or if the patient desires continued permanent sterilization. Techniques for removal include salpingostomy, salpingectomy, and cornuectomy. Removal of the entire device is essential, as any remaining coil or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers may continue to cause symptoms. The coils of the device can easily be fractured; therefore, in our practice we perform a bilateral cornuectomy when uterine retention is desired, as fracture rates are higher with salpingectomy compared with cornuectomy. We demonstrate the steps of this method and highlight the critical aspects for surgeons to consider during the procedure. Laparoscopic bilateral cornuectomy approach to a uterine-sparing excision of Essure tubal occlusion devices to reduce the risk of coil retention and fracture: 1) Injection of dilute vasopressin at the uterine cornua for vasoconstriction and hemostasis 2) Circumferential dissection of the uterine cornua using monopolar energy 3) Confirmation of endometrial cavity entry using methylene blue 4) Excision of fallopian tube along mesosalpinx to include the fimbriated end 5) Closure of the myometrial layers using a unidirectional barbed suture in a running fashion CONCLUSION: In patients who desire uterine preservation, we recommend a minimally invasive technique of bilateral cornual resection for removal of tubal sterilization devices in order to avoid device fracture and inadvertent retention of coils.

English

Postoperative adhesions (POA) are postsurgical fibrinolytic connections that can cause complications, and alternative materials have drawn attention to their prevention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of andiroba oil in preventing POA in the uterus and ovaries of sheep. Sixteen female Santa Inês adult sheep were randomly divided into two groups, a control group (CCG) with eight of them submitted to surgical trauma caused by bipolar diathermy in the uterine horn and right ovary without treatment to prevent POA and another group (AAG) with another eight ewes that underwent the same trauma, but were treated with the application of andiroba oil on the traumatized surfaces. Fifteen days after surgical trauma, the occurrence of POA and laparoscopic adesiolysis were evaluated. The bipolar diathermy was able to cause POA in 75% of the sheep. Bipolar diathermy caused POA in 100% of the CCG ewes and 50% of the AAG ewes. In CCG animals with adherence, in 25% of them, it was possible to perform adhesiolysis partially. Andiroba oil did not completely prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions in the uterus and ovaries of sheep, but it did prevent the formation of dense adhesions, facilitating laparoscopic adhesiolysis. Key words: Postoperative adhesiogenesis, laparoscopic adhesiolysis, reproductive tract, video surgery.

Calcium Supplementation on Glucose Tolerance, Oxidative Stress, and Reproductive Outcomes of Diabetic Rats and Their Offspring.

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of obstetric complications, morbidity, and infant mortality. Controlled nutritional therapy with micronutrients has been employed. However, the effect of calcium (Ca2+) supplementation on diabetic pregnancy is unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether diabetic rats supplemented with Ca2+ during pregnancy present better glucose tolerance, redox status, embryonic and fetal development, newborn weight, and the prooxidant and antioxidant balance of male and female pups. For this, newborn rats received the beta-cytotoxic drug streptozotocin for inducing diabetes on the day of birth. In adulthood, these rats were mated and treated with Ca2+ twice a day from day 0 to day 20 of pregnancy. On day 17, the pregnant rats were submitted to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). At the end of pregnancy, they were anesthetized and killed to collect blood and pancreas samples. The uterine horns were exposed for an evaluation of maternal reproductive outcomes and embryofetal development, and the offspring's liver samples were collected for redox status measurement. Nondiabetic and diabetic rats supplemented with Ca2+ showed no influence on glucose tolerance, redox status, insulin synthesis, serum calcium levels, and embryofetal losses. The reduced rate of newborns classified as adequate for gestational age (AGA) and higher rates of LGA (large) and small (LGA) newborns and higher -SH and GSH-Px antioxidant activities in female pups were observed in diabetic dams, regardless of supplementation. Thus, maternal supplementation caused no improvement in glucose tolerance, oxidative stress biomarkers, embryofetal growth and development, and antioxidants in pups from diabetic mothers.

Biometrical Studies on the Oviduct and uterus of Slaughtered Balady Does During Estrous Cycle and Seasons in Sub Tropic

The present work was aimed to study the biometrical measurements of the reproductive tract of slaughtered Balady does in relation to various reproductive conditions and seasons to establish the baseline for the size of each segments. <i>Methods:</i> 127 normal pair ovaries were taken for this purpose in Assiut province and classified according to phases of estrus cycle (Proestrous 39, Estrus 12, Metestrus 23 and Diestrus 53) and as well according to seasons (Autumn 36, Winter 40, Spring 26 and Summer 25). The oviduct total length was measured from the top of the fimbria to the tubal uterine horn junction. The lengths if its ampulla and isthmus were measured. Each oviduct weighed separately. The lengths and diameters of greater and lesser curvature of each uterine horn were then taken. The length and diameter of the attached portion of both horns was taken and the number of the protruded caruncles counted. The length of the uterine body as well as the length and diameter of the cervix were recorded. All these measurements were taken with a flexible metric tape. <i>Results:</i> Among different phases of estrous cycle, the estrus have the highest value for oviduct parameters and the lowest values were presented in metestrus (p<0.05). The autumn has the largest values for all of the measurements, with a significant difference between summer. The uterine horns showed highest values were recorded during diestrus. Significant differences were found in the diameters of uterine horn between seasons and the highest values were in winter followed by autumn then spring and summer (P<0.05-0.01). Moreover, the diameter of uterine body was highly significant during autumn. For all measured criteria, the summer has the lowest values. Significant correlation (P<0.05) was present between uterine weight and oviduct weight. The highest values recorded for length, diameter and weight were significantly noticed during estrus and diestrus (P<0.05-0.01). The lowest values were found during metestrus. Among seasons, significant differences in cervical diameters and weight at levels of P<0.05-0.001 were found. The autumn has the maximum values in comparison to other seasons. The summer has the lowest values. <i>Conclusion:</i> The genitalia of slaughtered Balady goats that the typical breeding seasons are absent in Balady goat, but during autumn there is marked tendency for better improvement in the biometry of the reproductive genitalia with an expected higher fertility.

Fetal mummification in a goat

A 5-year pet doe (unknown breed) was presented (~ 1 month after her expected day of kidding) with a history of vaginal discharge and fetal membranes hanging from the vulva. She was bright, alert, and responsive with an elevated heart rate and respiratory rate. Blood chemistry panel was unremarkable. Vaginal speculum examination was attempted; however, her vulva was 1 inch in length (dorsal to ventral commissure) making it very hard. Transabdominal uterine ultrasonography revealed no fetus and uterus had an irregular echogenicity. A small fetus was identified via transrectal uterine ultrasonography. Decision was to perform cesarean surgery (left flank approach). A mummified fetus was extracted from the left uterine horn.

Role of Noradrenaline and Adrenoreceptors in Regulating Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis Cascade in Inflamed Endometrium of Pigs.

In the inflamed uterus, the production and secretion of prostaglandins (PGs) and noradrenergic innervation pattern are changed. Receptor-based control of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and secretion by noradrenaline during uterine inflammation is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of α1-, α2- and β-adrenoreceptors (ARs) in noradrenaline-influenced PG-endoperoxidase synthase-2 (PTGS-2) and microsomal PTGE synthase-1 (mPTGES-1) protein levels in the inflamed pig endometrium, and in the secretion of PGE2 from this tissue. E. coli suspension (E. coli group) or saline (CON group) was injected into the uterine horns. Eight days later, severe acute endometritis developed in the E. coli group. Endometrial explants were incubated with noradrenaline and/or α1-, α2- and β-AR antagonists. In the CON group, noradrenaline did not significantly change PTGS-2 and mPTGES-1 protein expression and increased PGE2 secretion compared to the control values (untreated tissue). In the E. coli group, both enzyme expression and PGE2 release were stimulated by noradrenaline, and these values were higher versus the CON group. The antagonists of α1- and α2-AR isoforms and β-AR subtypes do not significantly alter the noradrenaline effect on PTGS-2 and mPTGES-1 protein levels in the CON group, compared to noradrenaline action alone. In this group, α1A-, α2B- and β2-AR antagonists partly eliminated noradrenaline-stimulated PGE2 release. Compared to the noradrenaline effect alone, α1A-, α1B-, α2A-, α2B-, β1-, β2- and β3-AR antagonists together with noradrenaline reduced PTGS-2 protein expression in the E. coli group. Such effects were also exerted in this group by α1A-, α1D-, α2A-, β2- and β3-AR antagonists with noradrenaline on mPTGES-1 protein levels. In the E. coli group, the antagonists of all isoforms of α1-ARs and subtypes of β-ARs as well as α2A-ARs together with noradrenaline decreased PGE2 secretion versus noradrenaline action alone. Summarizing, in the inflamed pig endometrium, α1(A, B)-, α2(A, B)- and β(1, 2, 3)-ARs mediate the noradrenaline stimulatory effect on PTGE-2 protein expression, while noradrenaline via α1(A, D)-, α2A- and β(2, 3)-ARs increases mPTGES-1 protein expression and α1(A, B, D)-, α2A- and β(1, 2, 3)-ARs are involved in PGE2 release. Data suggest that noradrenaline may indirectly affect the processes regulated by PGE2 by influencing its production. Pharmacological modulation of particular AR isoforms/subtypes can be used to change PGE2 synthesis/secretion to alleviate inflammation and improve uterine function.

Expression profile of genes related to pregnancy maintenance in Dromedary Camel during the first trimester

So far, few signals involved in embryo-maternal dialogue have been identified in pregnant she-camel. Our objective was to investigate expression profiles of genes relevant to uterine extracellular matrix remodeling (ITGB4, SLCO2A1, FOS, and JUN), uterine tissue vascularization, and placental formation (VEGFA, PGF, and PDGFA), embryonic growth and development (IGF1 and PTEN), plus cell death of uterine tissue (BCL2) in early pregnant versus non-pregnant she-camels. Forty genital tracts (20 pregnant and 20 non-pregnant) and blood samples were collected from abattoirs. Total RNA was extracted from uterine tissues and qRT-PCR was conducted for candidate genes. Serum concentrations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol17-β (E2) were measured. Expression of ITGB4, FOS, and PGF genes increased (P < 0.001) in the right uterine horn of pregnant versus non-pregnant she-camels. Moreover, JUN, SLCO2A1, VEGFA, and PTEN mRNAs were up-regulated (P < 0.001) in various segments of uterine tissues in pregnant groups. The PDGFA transcript was over-expressed (P < 0.001) in both uterine horns of pregnant groups. Additionally, IGF1 was higher (P < 0.001) in the right horn and the uterine body of pregnant groups, and expression of BCL2 was increased (P < 0.001) in the pregnant uterine body. Moreover, serum concentrations of P4 were higher (P < 0.001) and E2 lower (P < 0.05) in pregnant she-camels. Taken together, the fine-tuning of genes related to implantation, matrix formation, vascularization, and placental formation is highly required for successful pregnancy in she-camels.

46. Mucin Filled Retroperitoneal Mass 4 Years After Removal of Obstructed Noncommunicating Uterine Horn in an Adolescent Patient: a Clinical Case Report

46. Mucin Filled Retroperitoneal Mass 4 Years After Removal of Obstructed Noncommunicating Uterine Horn in an Adolescent Patient: a Clinical Case Report

Management of Hematometra and Hematocolpos in Obstructive Mullerian Anomalies by Image-Guided Drainage with Interventional Radiology: A Multi-Institutional Case Series

Study ObjectiveTo describe cases of image-guided drainage of symptomatic hematometrocolpos from obstructive Müllerian anomalies as a temporizing measure to manage acute pain symptoms and delay definitive management of the obstructive Müllerian anomalies that require complex reconstruction MethodsInstitutional Review Board exemption from all included institutions was obtained. A retrospective case series from 3 academic children's hospitals of 8 females under the age of 21 with symptomatic hematometrocolpos due to obstructive Müllerian anomalies drained by image-guided percutaneous transabdominal vaginal or uterine drainage with interventional radiology was reviewed and described. ResultsEight pubertal patients with obstructive Müllerian anomalies (6 patients with distal vaginal agenesis, 1 patient with an obstructed uterine horn, and 1 patient with a high obstructed hemi-vagina) and symptomatic hematometrocolpos are reported. All patients with distal vaginal agenesis had greater than 3 cm lower vaginal agenesis, which would usually require complex vaginoplasty and use of postoperative stents. Given their immaturity and inability to use stents or dilators postoperatively or medical complexity, they subsequently underwent ultrasound-guided drainage of hematometrocolpos with interventional radiology to relieve pain symptoms, followed by menstrual suppression. The patients with obstructed uterine horns had complex medical and surgical histories requiring perioperative planning; they also underwent ultrasound-guided drainage of hematometra as a temporizing measure to manage acute symptoms. ConclusionPatients presenting with symptomatic hematometrocolpos due to obstructive Müllerian anomalies might not be psychologically mature enough to undergo definitive complex reconstruction, which requires vaginal stent or dilator use postoperatively to prevent stenosis and other complications. Image-guided percutaneous drainage of symptomatic hematometrocolpos serves as a temporizing measure by offering pain relief until patients are ready to undergo surgical management and/or to allow time for complex surgical planning.

Transplantation of Aceh cattle ovary into the uterus of pseudopregnant local rabbits: Effect of post-transplant stress on uterine histopathology and ovarian follicle dynamics.

The increase in the levels of the cortisol hormone caused by the stress conditions generated by an ovary transplantation procedure can damage the uterus of the transplant recipient as well as the transplanted ovaries. This study aimed to analyze the histopathological changes that occur in the uterine horn of pseudopregnant local rabbits (recipients), as well as the ovarian follicular integrity of the donor Aceh cattle after transplantation. After 30 days of adaptation, all rabbits were divided into three treatment groups: R1 (the group of rabbits that underwent ovarian transplantation for 3 days, n = 5), R2 (the group of rabbits that underwent ovarian transplantation for 5 days, n = 5), and R3 (the group of rabbits that underwent ovarian transplantation for 7 days, n = 5). Pseudopregnancy induction was performed using the pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) methods. The rabbits were injected with 100 IU of PMSG intramuscularly, followed by an injection of 75 IU of hCG intravenously 3 days later. Ovarian transplantation was performed on day 8 (day 0 was the day of hCG injection). The concentration of cortisol hormone metabolites was measured from fecal samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The uterus and ovaries were collected for histopathological and follicular dynamics examination after the transplantation process was completed. The mean cortisol levels (ng/g) recorded before versus after the transplant in the R1, R2, and R3 groups were 146.23 ± 17.60 versus 338.84 ± 302.79, 128.97 ± 81.56 versus 174.79 ± 101.70, and 124.88 ± 43.61 versus 321.91 ± 221.63 (p < 0.05), respectively. The examination of the histopathological appearance of the uterus revealed edema in the uterine lumen, hyperemia and hemorrhage in the endometrium, necrosis of the epithelium, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Hemorrhage and hyperemia were severe and filled the endometrium in the R1 compared with the R2 and R3 animals. Ovarian follicle development occurred in all treatment groups, although some histopathological features were observed. The number of tertiary follicles in R1, R2, and R3 animals was 24.67 ± 7.37, 20.67 ± 7.57, and 9.67 ± 3.79 (p < 0.05), respectively. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the transplantation of ovaries from Aceh cattle into pseudopregnant local rabbits triggered an increase in the levels of the cortisol hormone and uterine histological changes; however, follicles were still detected at various stages of development in the transplanted Aceh cattle ovaries. The results of this study are valuable for clinicians and researchers because they provide information regarding an alternative in vivo ovarian preservation technique using pseudopregnant rabbits.

Acute management of an obstructed uterine horn in an adolescent

Acute management of an obstructed uterine horn in an adolescent