Usmanu Danfodiyo University Research Articles

Integrating Antenatal and Postnatal Pregnancy Services to Hospital Management System

Antenatal and postnatal processes and services is a component of Hospital Management Systems that has been given very little attention. Most healthcare institution carries out the antenatal and postnatal processes manually and keeps records of the whole processes on paper. In most cases in most hospital, records kept on paper and files get missing or misplaced leading to the loss of important records of clients which would have been very helpful for future pregnancies and clinical diagnosis. Report generation and statistical figures are difficult to generate with the manual based system. Data errors, security, and privacy are another problems associated with the manual system. In this paper, the antenatal and postnatal services were incorporated into the Hospital Management System of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto with a view to reducing the issues and inconsistencies encountered with the manual procedure. Dreamweaver, PHP, CSS, JavaScript, Ajax, HTML and MySQL are the technological tools used to automate the incorporated antenatal and postnatal services in the system. The usefulness of the proposed system was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and some clinical users. The experimental evaluation shows that the developed system is beneficial to the clinic and the general public based on the result obtained in this study. The results also demonstrated that the developed system can fit into the antenatal and postnatal routine of many hospitals with little or no modification.

Integrating Antenatal and Postnatal Pregnancy Services to Hospital Management System

Antenatal and postnatal processes and services is a component of Hospital Management Systems that has been given very little attention. Most healthcare institution carries out the antenatal and postnatal processes manually and keeps records of the whole processes on paper. In most cases in most hospital, records kept on paper and files get missing or misplaced leading to the loss of important records of clients which would have been very helpful for future pregnancies and clinical diagnosis. Report generation and statistical figures are difficult to generate with the manual based system. Data errors, security, and privacy are another problems associated with the manual system. In this paper, the antenatal and postnatal services were incorporated into the Hospital Management System of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto with a view to reducing the issues and inconsistencies encountered with the manual procedure. Dreamweaver, PHP, CSS, JavaScript, Ajax, HTML and MySQL are the technological tools used to automate the incorporated antenatal and postnatal services in the system. The usefulness of the proposed system was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and some clinical users. The experimental evaluation shows that the developed system is beneficial to the clinic and the general public based on the result obtained in this study. The results also demonstrated that the developed system can fit into the antenatal and postnatal routine of many hospitals with little or no modification.

Genitourinary fistulas experience in a tertiary hospital in North-Western Nigeria

Background: Genitourinary fistulas are devastating, with obstetric fistula being the most common type and a major public health problem in the developing world.Aims and Objectives: This study was designed with an aim to determine the epidemiology of genitourinary fistulas in our centre.Materials and Methods: A 5 year (1st January 2013 to 31st December 2017) retrospective review based on data extracted from the case files of patients managed for gynecological fistulas at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria, was conducted. A proforma was used to extract data on the research variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24 computer statistical software package.Results: A total of 52 patients with genitourinary fistulas were managed in the period under review. The mean age of the patients was 28.25 ± 10.0 years, and majority of them (65.4%) were aged less than 30 years. Most of them (94.2%) had no formal education, and were full-time housewives (98.1%). Majority of the fistulas (69.2%) were due to prolonged obstructed labor, and close to a quarter of fistulas (23.1%) were of iatrogenic origin. About a third of patients (32.7%) have had at least a previous fistula repair. Most of them (92.3%) had surgical repair done, and it was successful in 65.4% of cases.Conclusion: Although, the genitourinary fistulas in this study were majorly of obstetric origin, a relatively high proportion of cases were of iatrogenic origin. Government should provide universal access to timely and appropriate obstetric care, and also empower women.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(6) 2018 31-36

Dystocia due to Dicephalic Foetus in an Ouda Yankasa Cross Ewe

A two-year-old Ouda Yankasa cross ewe was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto with the complaint of difficulty in parturition. History revealed the ewe had been straining for 3 days prior to the presentation without successfully lambing. Physical examination revealed the ewe was weak, depressed, recumbent and intermittently straining with pale ocular mucus membrane. A limb was seen protruding from the vulva with lochial discharge. A dead foetus with two heads was delivered through caeserian section. Radiological examination revealed incomplete twining from the atlas bone caudally. One hour after surgery, the dam also died. Post mortem examination revealed poor nutritional condition of the dam and its rumen impacted with 3.8 kg weight of polythene. Pinpoint haemorrhages on the uterine wall and uterine lumen lined with pus extending to the uterine horn were observed. This report shows that dicephalic foetus is detrimental to sustainable livestock production. In addition, the delay in seeking veterinary care caused the septicemia seen and led to the death of the dam and foetus. Key words: Congenital, Lambing, Dystocia, Ewes, Pregnancy.

Potency of Trona on Fungi Associated with Tinea Capitis from Children in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (UDUS)

Aim: The potency of trona against fungi associated with dermatophytes isolated from children in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (UDUS) local farming community was investigated.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Department of Pharmacognosy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, between January 2017 and September 2017.
 Methodology: The samples were collected from errand children within UDUS, and the organisms were isolated and identified microscopically using standard methods. Elemental analysis of the two types of trona (red and white) was also determined using standard Analytical methods. The sensitivity test was carried out using agar well diffusion method.
 Results: In the two types of trona (red and white) Sodium was found to have the highest concentration of 9500 mg/kg and 8300 mg/kg, and the lowest was 0.15 and 0.10 mg/kg. Potassium was reported to have a concentration of 4400 mg/kg and 1800 mg/kg for the white and red trona respectively. Some of the organisms identified were Microsporum Canis, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes etc. Highest mean zone of inhibition of 20.7 and 23.3 mm was recorded for the red and white trona respectively. The least zone of inhibition recorded was 2.7 and 4.7 mm for the red and white trona respectively. Increased activity was recorded when the concentration of the trona was increased.
 Conclusion: The results revealed promising potentials of trona in the treatment of fungi associated with dermatophytoses. However, further studies should be done to determine the mechanism of action of trona on these organisms.

Postauricular epidermoid and dermoid cysts in adults

BackgroundCompared with other cutaneous cysts of the head and neck region, postauricular epidermoid and dermoid cysts are rare, asymptomatic benign swellings.AimTo describe the clinical profile of postauricular dermoid and epidermoid cysts in adults.Patients and MethodsA descriptive retrospective study was conducted on patients older than 16 years, diagnosed histologically with postauricular epidermoid and dermoid cysts who presented to the Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria, from January 2005 to December 2017.ResultsA total of eight patients were reviewed: two (25%) males and six (75%) females. The age ranged from 22 to 55 years (mean age, 30.1±11.2 years). Most cases (seven, 87.5%) were epidermoid cysts. The mean duration of cystic swellings was 9.8±5.7 years. All the patients presented with asymptomatic postauricular extracranial cysts mostly at the left postauricular side (five, 62.5%).Complete surgical excision was carried out for all the lesions, and no recurrence was observed in the two (25%) patients who came for follow-up; the rest were lost to follow-up.ConclusionPostauricular cysts, mostly epidermoid cyst, are rare unilateral asymptomatic, extracranial swellings that are associated with a delay in seeking medical intervention.

Reviewer Acknowledgements

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 3 Abdul Rouf Dar, University of Florida, USAAhmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, NigeriaAhmet Ozan Gezerman, Yildiz Technical University, TurkeyAsghari Gul, Comsats IIT, PakistanAyodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South AfricaGreg Peters, University of Findlay, USAK. Ishara Silva, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USAKhaldun Mohammad Al Azzam, Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology, Saudi ArabiaLaila A. Abouzeid, Mansoura University, EgyptMadduri Srinivasarao, Purdue University, USAMaolin Lu, Yale University, USAMohamed Abass, Ain Shams University, EgyptMustafa Oguzhan Kaya, Siirt University, TurkeyNanda Gunawardhana, Saga University, JapanNejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, TunisiaNisha Saxena, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, IndiaPrathapan Sreedharan, Cochin University, IndiaPraveen Kumar, Texas Tech University, USAPriyanka Singh, University of Iowa, USAQun Ye, Institute of Materials Reseach and Engineering, SingaporeR. K. Dey, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), IndiaRodrigo Vieira Rodrigues, University of São Paulo, BrazilSyed A. A. Rizvi, Nova Southeastern University, USAThirupathi Barla, Harvard University, USAVijay Ramalingam, Columbia University, USA Albert JohnOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of ChemistryCanadian Center of Science and Education

Obstructive urolithiasis in a 11/2 – year old Ouda–Yankasa ram: case report

Obstructive urolithiasis is the retention of urine subsequent to the lodgement of calculi in the urinary tract from the kidney up to the urethral orifice. This report describes the post-mortem and chemical analysis findings of the calculi in an 18-month old Ouda-Yankasa cross ram presented at the Large Animal Clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The patient was presented on 20th of March, 2013 with reports of anorexia, disinclination to drink water and anuria that developed four days before presentation at the clinic. On clinical examination, urethral blockage and mild ascites were observed. Cystocentesis was performed to relieve the patient and plain radiograph taken but was not diagnostic. The patient died before definitive diagnosis was made for rational treatment. The post - mortem findings include frothy exudate in the trachea and bronchial airways, congestion of the lungs, hydroperitoneum with recovered fluid measuring 2,350 ml, splenomegaly, hydronephrosis, distended urinary bladder, severe haemorrhagic cystitis, urinary calculi in the bladder and throughout the urethral length and urethral stricture. The urinary calculi recovered were white, friable and amorphous, ranging from small particles to 5mm in diameter. Histopathologic section of the kidney showed atrophied glomeruli. It can thus be concluded that the atrophied glomeruli in turn impaired glomerular filtration which invariably pre-disposed the patient to uraemia leading to its death. The chemical analysis of the calculi showed that the calculi was either oxalate, phosphate or silicate, or any of these mixtures. Keywords: calculi, obstruction, phosphate, uraemia

Abstract 1212: Urinary bladder cancer in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria: A 10-year histopathological review

Abstract Background: Urinary Bladder Cancer is a common disease worldwide. It ranks ninth in cancer incidence and is the 13th leading cause of cancer death among men and women worldwide. The highest incidence is seen usually in developed countries. In our environment, it is the leading cause of cancer and cancer deaths among males because of endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis. Yet, little is done to curb this preventable risk factor of bladder cancer. Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe histopathological pattern of urinary bladder cancer in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Method: This was a retrospective study of all histologically confirmed cases of bladder cancer seen at the Department of Histopathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto between the years 2006 and 2015. Information was obtained from the database of the Department of Histopathology. The data were validated using Microsoft Excel and exported to SPSS for analysis. The data were analysed for age, sex and histological types using SPSS version 20 software. The results are presented in the form of simple frequency tables and percentages. Results: A total of 190 patients were seen with histologically confirmed bladder cancer out of the 3933 patients with malignancies between the years 2006 and 2015, constituting 4.8% of all malignancies diagnosed in the same period and comprises 160(84.2%) males and 30(15.8%) females with male to female ratio of 5.3:1. Their mean age was 50.8, SD ±14.9 years and range from 1-90 years. The most common bladder cancer was squamous cell carcinoma with 97 (51.1%) cases. 81 (42.6%) patients had urothelial carcinoma, 5(2.6%) were metastatic carcinoma, 4(2.1%) were sarcomatoid carcinoma, 2(1.1%) were rhabdomyosarcoma and only 1(0.5%) case of a signet ring cell carcinoma was recorded. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma remained the most common histological type of bladder cancer in our setting followed by urothelial carcinoma. Preventive measures aim at eradicating urinary schistosomiasis, a predominant and known risk factor of bladder cancer in our environment will go a long way in curtailing the burden of this disease among our people. Citation Format: Saddiku Malami Sahabi, Kabiru Abdullahi. Urinary bladder cancer in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria: A 10-year histopathological review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1212.

English

Studies suggest that prevalence rates of stimulants use and abuse among healthcare professionalss is similar to rates in the general population. Majority of the studies on stimulants use carried out in Nigeria mainly focused on students of secondary and tertiary institutions, thus, there is the need to conduct similar study among physicians in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the pattern and predictors of the use of stimulants among physicians in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, North-west Nigeria. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among physicians of all ranks in UDUTH, Sokoto. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 107 participants and a set of semi- structured self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data from the participants. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. Prevalence of current stimulant use was 59% and majority (83%) of the respondents take coffee, 54.5% take kola nut, 35.1% take caffeinated energy drinks and only 2% of the respondents take cigarette. Among the 87.9% that have ever used stimulants, 41% (n=43) have stopped. Majority of them (70.97%) take stimulants only once in a day and none of them take any stimulant via parenteral route. Rank of the respondent was the strongest predictor of current stimulant use (OR= 3.741, p=0.017, 95% CI=1.270-11.021). The prevalence of stimulants use among physicians is quite high. Coffee is the most consumed stimulant and rank of the physicians is the strongest predictor of current stimulants use. There is also need to assess the effect of stimulants consumption among physicians considering the high prevalence of its consumption among them. Key words: Predictors, stimulants, physicians, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Neonates in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria: Oxidative Stress Markers in G6pd Deficient Neonates

Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Neonates in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria: Oxidative Stress Markers in G6pd Deficient Neonates

A 5-year audit of major maxillofacial surgeries at Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital, Nigeria

BackgroundThere is a paucity of data on the pattern of oral and maxillofacial surgeries done in Nigeria. Despite the rising prominence of oral and maxillofacial surgery as a specialty in our immediate environment, no published audit of the surgeries performed exist. This study aims to present the pattern and types of major surgeries done by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in our hospital as well as the indications for such surgeries. It is hoped that the findings will assist in formulating informed policies and improving healthcare delivery.MethodsA review of hospital records of all patients who had major oral and maxillofacial surgeries at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital from January, 2013 to August, 2017 was done. Descriptive statistics such biodata, indication for surgery and type of surgery were recorded and analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics for windows version 20 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) software.ResultsOne hundred and forty six individuals who underwent 158 major surgeries under general anaesthesia were included. There were 82 males and 64 females, giving a male/female ratio of 1.3: 1. The ages ranged from 3 months to 81 years [median of 33 years]. Tumours and tumour-like lesions were the major indications for surgery [85 (58.2%)]. The most commonly performed surgery was mandibulectomy [31 (19.6%)], followed by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) [29 (18.4%)].ConclusionMajor oral and maxillofacial surgeries are common in our environment. The frequencies of these surgeries can increase with better healthcare financing and universal availability of health insurance schemes. Efforts aimed at reducing the incidence of tumours should be instituted.

ROLES OF OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF SCIENCE TEACHERS IN NIGERIA.

28May 2018 ROLES OF OPEN AND DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF SCIENCE TEACHERS IN NIGERIA. Dr. Yahya muhammad kamar and Dr. Suleiman saadu matazu. Department of science and vocational education, faculty of education and extension services,usmanu danfodiyo university, sokoto.

Ascorbate Deficiency among Childrens of African Descent with Protein Energy Malnutrition in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

Protein energy malnutrition is the most widespread nutritional deficiency disorder of mankind and continues to be a major public health burden particularly in developing countries. The aim of this case-control study was to determine the changes in the ascorbic acid levels among children with PEM in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria. The study included a total of 90 children (47 subjects with Protein Energy Malnutrition and 43 apparently healthy controls) aged 6 months-5 years, admitted to the Paediatric units of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital and Specialist Hospital, Sokoto. Ascorbic acid levels were assayed by a standard chemical method. Nutritional status was determined using the Welcome Trust Classification. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical package. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant in all statistical comparisons. The mean value of ascorbic acid was significantly lower among subjects (0.82±0.04mg/dl) compared to controls (1.06±0.02 mg/dl) (p=0.0001). Underweight subjects had lower ascorbic acid levels when compared with other types of protein energy malnutrition (p=0.0001). Protein energy malnutrition was more prevalent among children from low socioeconomic class whose mothers have no formal education. Marasmus was the most common type of protein energy malnutrition. Finding from this study seems a justification to monitor the ascorbic acid levels in children with PEM and to possibly offer ascorbic acid supplementation for those that are deficient. There is need for infant feeding practice to be strengthened by promoting exclusive breast feeding. There is also the need for increased enrollment of women in schools, enlightenment on nutritional education and empowerment of women to improve their socioeconomic status

Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Management and Treatment Outcome in a Tertiary Health Institution in Northern Nigeria

Soft tissue sarcoma constitutes 7% of all cancers in Nigeria. A complete staging of this tumour isimportant to evaluate the prognosis and plan the treatment in a multidisciplinary team. Managementof sarcoma includes surgery, which involve partial or complete excision of the tumour mass. Surgeryis the primary treatment modality for soft tissue sarcoma. Radiotherapy is useful in both localizedand metastatic disease. Reports have shown the benefit of radiation therapy in decreasing recurrencerate in positive margin post excision. It is also useful for palliation of some symptoms. Chemotherapyhas been shown to improve the survival of patients. Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide have shown betterresponse in patients with these malignancies. The outcome of patients with soft tissue sarcoma dependson the margins’ status post excision, performance status, grade, and stage of the disease.MATERIALS AND METHODSIt is a five year retrospective study of patients with soft tissue sarcoma seen in the departmentof radiotherapy and Oncology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University teaching hospital. The treatment andoverall survival at one year post diagnosis were reviewed with associating compounding variable.RESULTSA total of 123 patients were reviewed, out of which 69.9% of the patients had radiotherapy, and 64%of the patients who had radiotherapy received palliative dose. The commonest chemotherapy usedwas vincristine, which was used in 82% of the patients who had chemotherapy, while 76% receiveddoxorubicin and 10% had ifosfamide.The overall survival at one year was assessed in 112 patients. There was no significant differencebetween their age, gender, histological type and their survival at one year, however there was anassociation between the performance status (ECOG) and surgical excision status.CONCLUSIONThe outcome of patients with soft tissue sarcoma after diagnosis is determined by the performancestatus and the surgical excision margin. This will ultimately guide treatment of these groups ofmalignancies.

Isolation and Identification of Soil Mycoflora in the Upland and Lowland Soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State

A total of 14 different fungal species belonging to 7 genera were isolated from the upland and lowland soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, between October to December, 2015. The mycoflora were isolated using dilution plate technique on Potato dextrose agar amended by 1% streptomycin. Identification was made microscopically using the lacto-phenol cotton blue method and macroscopically by comparing the cultural and morphological features with the help of authentic fungal manual and taxonomic key. The identified species are; Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, Alternaria longifes, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. mangifera, Rhizopus stolonifer, R. orizae, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichophytum quallinum. The highest number of fungi (50 isolates) were obtained from lowland uncultivated soils (D), followed by the upland uncultivated soils (B) with about 34 strains, and the least (22 isolates) were obtained from upland cultivated soils (A) out of the total 132 isolates. Variations between sites were statistically analyzed.

Health-related quality of life of HIV-infected patients taking different antiretroviral regimens at a tertiary healthcare facility in northern Nigeria

Purpose: To evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients taking different antiretroviral regimens.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to evaluate HRQoL of patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria. Data were collected using HIV/AIDS-Targeted Quality of Life instrument between May and November, 2015 from 872 adult outpatients who had been on their regimen for at least 6 months. Data were statistically analysed.Results: The overall HRQoL score of the patients was 59.40 ± 18.66. Among patients on the first-line regimens, those on TDF + FTC + EFZ (60.52 ± 19.17) and those on TDF + 3TC + EFZ (64.41 ± 18.04) reported the best HRQoL scores. The difference between the scores of patients on the two most utilised regimens; AZT + 3TC + NVP (58.14 ± 18.53) and TDF + 3TC + EFZ (64.41 ± 18.04) was significant (p < 0.05). Among patients on second-line regimens, those on TDF + FTC + LPVr (67.58 ± 14.80) reported the highest HRQoL score.Conclusion: Patients in this facility had a moderate HRQoL. TDF + 3TC + EFZ, TDF + FTC + EFZ and TDF + FTC + LPVr were the regimens with the best HRQoL outcomes. The use of these regimens should be encouraged for better patient well-being.Keywords: HIV, Health-related quality of life, Antiretroviral therapy, First-line antiretroviral regimen, Second-line antiretroviral regimen

Reviewer Acknowledgements

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 2 Abdul Rouf Dar, University of Florida, USAAhmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, NigeriaAhmet Ozan Gezerman, Yildiz Technical University, TurkeyAna Silva, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, PortugalFarkhondeh Fathi, University of Toronto, CanadaJuan Rafael Garcia, INCAPE, FIQ, UNL-CONICET, ArgentinaLeiming Wang, Konica Minolta Laboratory, USAMaolin Lu, Yale University, USAMeriem Belhachemi, University of Bechar, AlgeriaMustafa Oguzhan Kaya, Siirt University, TurkeyPriyanka Singh, University of Iowa, USAR. K. Dey, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), IndiaRabia Rehman, University of the Punjab, PakistanRodrigo Vieira Rodrigues, University of São Paulo, BrazilSeverine Queyroy, Aix-Marseille Université, FranceSitaram Acharya, Texas Christian University, USASyed A. A. Rizvi, Nova Southeastern University, USAThirupathi Barla, Harvard University, USAVijay Ramalingam, Columbia University, USAWaseem Hassan, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, BrazilZhixin Tian, TONGJI UNIVERSITY, CHINA Albert JohnOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of ChemistryCanadian Center of Science and Education

Concord Error Analysis Committed By 200 Level English University Students in Northern Nigeria

This study seeks to investigate concord errors made by 200 level English students of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto (UDUS) and Federal University Gusau (FUGUS) in their written production of English with a view to finding solutions to them. The data were obtained from fifty semester examination answer booklets written by students during first semester 2017 examination. The data collected were analysed using EA approach developed by Corder (1974). The findings of the study reveal that the errors can be grouped into ten categories out of which concord errors are the most committed by the students under study. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the teachers of English and the students should strive in handling such errors because English students are models of other students from other disciplines after graduation.

Evaluation of Physico-Chemical and Fungal Species Associated with Oil Contaminated Soil from Selected Automobile Garage in Sokoto Metropolis

This study was conducted with a view to evaluating the physicochemical and mycological properties of different oil contaminated soils collected from three different automobile garages in Sokoto Metropolis, and uncontaminated soil from the temporary site, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (UDUS) was used as the control. The pH was determined using pH meter model Hanna (H1991301), quantity of mineral elements was evaluated in accordance with Murphy and Fungi were isolated from the three oil contaminated samples (A, B. and C) and the uncontaminated (sample D) as control, this was done by standard procedure using the method of P. Ren, T. Jankun & B. Leaderer. The physical, chemical, and mineral elements from the oil-contaminated soils of the three automobile garages and control. The results of particle soil analysis revealed the high content of sandy soil (96.2 to 87.3) and silt is the lowest with (2.5–0.6). Magnesium had the highest concentration of studied minerals, ranging from 193 to 649.2 mg/kg. while PH result revealed that the soil samples were pH value ranged from (16.85–16.20) in oil Contaminated samples, while the control had 15.90, and electrical conductivity ranged from 12.8–13.8 % and 28 % in control, four fungal isolates Aspergillus sp., Penicillum sp., Mucor sp. and Sporobolomyces sp. were identified based on colonial, sexual and morphological characteristics. These fungal strains can be used in bioremediation process and oil pollution reduction in aquatic ecosystems.