Use Of Data Sources Research Articles

Abstract WP342: Linking the Coverdell Clinical Stroke Program Inpatient Registry to Commercial Claims Data to Assess Post-Discharge Medication Adherence

Background: Non-interventional large-scale research on patients with stroke requires the use of data sources ensuring access to large populations with clinically detailed and longitudinally available real-world healthcare information. We linked the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program registry (PCNASP) to commercial longitudinal claims data to assess long-term medication adherence post discharge. Methods: All ischemic stroke (IS) admissions in PCNASP between 2008-2015 were considered for linkage to longitudinal patient claims records from a commercial health insurer using a probabilistic algorithm. We assessed the linkage quality via the percentage of unique records among the linked subset, evaluated the representativeness of the linked population via standardized differences (SD), and described medical history, stroke severity and disability, and patterns of medication use before and after the stroke hospitalization among linked patients. Results: The linkage produced uniqueness equal to 99.1%. Overall, we linked 5,644 out of 104,540 patients with an IS hospitalization in claims data. Linked patients were similar to unlinked except for mean age (69.7 vs 72.5 yr, SD 0.23) and % home discharge (59.8 vs. 52.2, SD 0.14) with mild strokes (median NIHSS 3). Medication information from the PCNASP registry often differed from claims-based out-of-hospital drug utilization patterns, particularly after discharge, with prescriptions at discharge largely overestimating the real-world use of medications as measured by filled prescriptions. (Table) Conclusions: In a large cohort of hospitalized IS patients, high-quality probabilistic linkage between the PCNASP stroke registry and commercial claims data is feasible. Differences between predicted and actual post discharge medication utilization highlight the challenges of assuming long-term medication adherence based on discharge prescriptions. Further research is warranted.

Knowledge Attitude and Practice Toward Chikungunya Infection Among Kassala Community in Sudan 2018-2019

Introduction: Vector-borne diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases, causing quite 1 million deaths each year global quite 2.5 billion people in over 100 countries are in danger of contracting Dengue. Objective: The study aimed assess Knowledge attitude and practice toward chikungunya virus among Kassala community people of selected area (Kassala in Sudan 2018-2019). Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in selected area of Kassala city. The study was conducted among 49 participants from 30th December 2018 to January 2019. Simple sampling method was followed for choosing the participants; face-face interview was taken by using structured questionnaire. Result: The results show that respondents had heard of Chikungunya infection 48 (97%), and 43 (87%) responded correctly that Chikungunya is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. Among total 49 only 2 (4%) had misconceptions that Chikungunya vector breeding in dirty storage water. Study respondents were conscious about clinical features of Chikungunya infection signs and symptoms of Chikungunya p-.000. Study participants use various methods measures against mosquitoes bites including Mosquito repellant cream18 (36%), Wearing full sleeves shirt 16 (32%), Electric racquet 16 (32%), and Bed nets 5 (10%) for insect bite prevention. Social network/ media was considered because the most significant and useful source of data on the disease. Conclusion: Community people havegood knowledge about Chikungunya breeding place and methods of prevention of the disease and further adult mosquito control measures play important role for the effective containment of a virulent disease.

Estimating ground-level particulate matter concentrations using satellite-based data: a review

ABSTRACTParticulate matter (PM) is a widely used indicator of air quality. Satellite-derived aerosol products such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) have been a useful source of data for ground-level PM monitoring. However, satellite-based approaches for PM monitoring have limitations such as impacts of cloud cover. Recently, many studies have documented advances in modeling for monitoring PM over the globe. This review examines recent papers on ground-level PM monitoring for the past 10 years focusing on modeling techniques, sensor types, and areas. Satellite-based retrievals of AOD and commonly used approaches for estimating PM concentrations are also briefly reviewed. Research trends and challenges are discussed based on the review of 130 papers. The limitations and challenges include spatiotemporal scale issues, missing values in satellite-based variables, sparse distribution of ground stations for calibration and validation, unbalanced distribution of PM concentrations, and difficulty in the operational use of satellite-based PM estimation models. The literature review suggests there is room for further investigating: 1) the spatial extension of PM monitoring to global scale; 2) the synergistic use of satellite-derived products and numerical model output to improve PM estimation accuracy, gap-filling, and operational monitoring; 3) the use of more advanced modeling techniques including data assimilations; 4) the improvement of emission data quality; and 5) short-term (hours to days) PM forecasts through combining satellite data and numerical forecast model results.

The innovative use of health information in public health policy across EU-Member States

Abstract Background Health information systems both at the national and international level play a key role in ensuring that timely and reliable evidence is used for operational and strategic decision making inside and outside the health sector. The availability of data generated from different sources is increasing with the possibility to link these data sources together. However, more efficient data generation processes are required to use data collected for different purposes initially, as well as advanced statistical techniques to generate comparable and timely health information. The main objective is to explore the innovative use of health information for better public health policy across the Member States. Methods As part of InfAct, we have conducted as survey among EU-MS to describe the innovative use of data sources. We are collecting inspiring examples on the innovative use of health information based on national or European data networks involved with health policy-making at national, regional or local level. We are further developing generic methods to estimate health indicators using machine learning techniques and mathematical modelling. Results These approaches will generate a roadmap on the innovative use of health information across Member States, enlarge the existing list of health indicators estimated from linked data and/or advanced statistical techniques, inform on the implications of these indicators in health policy with inspiring examples from Member States, and provide methodological guidelines for using linked data and advanced statistics to estimate health indicators, and composite outcome measures. Conclusions This work will highlight the gaps in the innovative use of data sources, and improve the comparability of health indicators and the capacity of EU-Member states to apply innovation for increased relevance and timeliness of health information for public health policy-making.

FAST INSIGHT ABOUT THE SEVERITY OF HURRICANE IMPACT WITH SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF TWITTER POSTS

Abstract. Social media could be very useful source of data for a people interested in disasters, since it can provide them with on-site information. Posted georeferenced messages and images can help to understand the situation of the area affected by the event. Considering this type of resource as a real-time crowdsource of crisis information, the spatial distribution of geolocated posts related to an event can represent an early indicator of the severity of impact. The aim of this paper is to explore the spatial distribution of Twitter posts related to hurricane Michael, occurred in the USA in 2018 and to analyse their potential in providing a fast insight about the event impact. Kernel density estimation has been applied to explore the spatial distribution of Twitter posts, after which Hot Spot analysis has been performed in order to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution of the data. Hot Spot analysis has shown to be the most comprehensive analysis, detecting the area of high impact. The Kernel density map has shown to be useful as well.

Bipolar Disorder, Genetic Risk, and Reproductive Decision-Making: A Qualitative Study of Social Media Discussion Boards.

In this study, we present views on bipolar disorder and reproductive decision-making through an analysis of posts on Reddit™, a major Internet discussion forum. Prior research has shown that the Internet is a useful source of data on sensitive topics. This study used qualitative textual analysis to analyze posts on Reddit™ bipolar discussion boards that dealt with genetics and related topics. All thread titles over 4 years were reviewed (N = 1,800). Genetic risk was often raised in the context of Redditors' discussions about whether or not to have children. Reproductive decision-making for Redditors with bipolar was complex and influenced by factors from their past, present, and imagined future. These factors coalesced under a summative theme: for adults with bipolar disorder, what was the manageability of parenting a child? Reproductive decisions for individuals with bipolar disorder are complex, and Reddit™ is a novel source of information on their perspectives.

Model consent clauses for rare disease research

BackgroundRare Disease research has seen tremendous advancements over the last decades, with the development of new technologies, various global collaborative efforts and improved data sharing. To maximize the impact of and to further build on these developments, there is a need for model consent clauses for rare diseases research, in order to improve data interoperability, to meet the informational needs of participants, and to ensure proper ethical and legal use of data sources and participants’ overall protection.MethodsA global Task Force was set up to develop model consent clauses specific to rare diseases research, that are comprehensive, harmonized, readily accessible, and internationally applicable, facilitating the recruitment and consent of rare disease research participants around the world. Existing consent forms and notices of consent were analyzed and classified under different consent themes, which were used as background to develop the model consent clauses.ResultsThe IRDiRC-GA4GH MCC Task Force met in September 2018, to discuss and design model consent clauses. Based on analyzed consent forms, they listed generic core elements and designed the following rare disease research specific core elements; Rare Disease Research Introductory Clause, Familial Participation, Audio/Visual Imaging, Collecting, storing, sharing of rare disease data, Recontact for matching, Data Linkage, Return of Results to Family Members, Incapacity/Death, and Benefits.ConclusionThe model consent clauses presented in this article have been drafted to highlight consent elements that bear in mind the trends in rare disease research, while providing a tool to help foster harmonization and collaborative efforts.

What is the meaning of urban liveability for a city in a low-to-middle-income country? Contextualising liveability for Bangkok, Thailand

BackgroundCreating ‘liveable’ cities has become a priority for various sectors, including those tasked with improving population health and reducing inequities. Two-thirds of the world’s population will live in cities by 2050, with the most rapid urbanisation in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). However, there is limited guidance about what constitutes a liveable city from a LMIC perspective, with most of the evidence relating to high-income countries, such as Australia. Existing liveability frameworks include features such as public transport, affordable housing, and public open space; however, these frameworks may not capture all of the liveability considerations for cities in LMIC contexts.ObjectivesThis case study formed a multi-sectoral partnership between academics, policymakers (Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Victorian (Australia) Department of Health and Human Services), and a non-government organisation (UN Global Compact – Cities Programme). This study aimed to: 1) conceptualise and prioritise components of urban liveability within the Bangkok, Thailand context; 2) identify alignment to or divergence from other existing liveability tools; and 3) identify potential indicators and data sources for use within a Pilot Bangkok Liveability Framework.MethodsThe Urban Liveability Workshop involving technical leaders from the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration and a rapid review of liveability literature informed the conceptualisation of liveability for Bangkok. The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Working Group and key informants in Bangkok provided input into the liveability framework. Indicators identified for Bangkok were mapped onto existing liveability tools, including the UN Global Compact CityScan.ResultsFindings revealed commonalities with the Australian liveability definition, as well as new potential indicators for Bangkok. The resulting Pilot Bangkok Liveability Framework provides a structure for measuring liveability in Bangkok that can be implemented by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration immediately, pending appropriate data acquisition and licensing. The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Working Group and key informants identified core issues for implementation, including limited spatial data available at the district-level or lower.ConclusionsThis study conceptualised urban liveability for Bangkok, a city in a LMIC context, with potential for adjustment to other cities. Future work should leverage opportunities for using open source data, building local capacity in spatial data expertise, and knowledge sharing between cities.

Comparing temperature data sources for use in species distribution models: From in‐situ logging to remote sensing

AbstractAimAlthough species distribution models (SDMs) traditionally link species occurrences to free‐air temperature data at coarse spatio‐temporal resolution, the distribution of organisms might instead be driven by temperatures more proximal to their habitats. Several solutions are currently available, such as downscaled or interpolated coarse‐grained free‐air temperatures, satellite‐measured land surface temperatures (LST) or in‐situ‐measured soil temperatures. A comprehensive comparison of temperature data sources and their performance in SDMs is, however, currently lacking.LocationNorthern Scandinavia.Time period1970–2017.Major taxa studiedHigher plants.MethodsWe evaluated different sources of temperature data (WorldClim, CHELSA, MODIS, E‐OBS, topoclimate and soil temperature from miniature data loggers), differing in spatial resolution (from 1″ to 0.1°), measurement focus (free‐air, ground‐surface or soil temperature) and temporal extent (year‐long versus long‐term averages), and used them to fit SDMs for 50 plant species with different growth forms in a high‐latitudinal mountain region.ResultsDifferences between these temperature data sources originating from measurement focus and temporal extent overshadow the effects of temporal climatic differences and spatio‐temporal resolution, with elevational lapse rates ranging from −0.6°C per 100 m for long‐term free‐air temperature data to −0.2°C per 100 m for in‐situ soil temperatures. Most importantly, we found that the performance of the temperature data in SDMs depended on the growth forms of species. The use of in‐situ soil temperatures improved the explanatory power of our SDMs (R2 on average +16%), especially for forbs and graminoids (R2 +24 and +21% on average, respectively) compared with the other data sources.Main conclusionsWe suggest that future studies using SDMs should use the temperature dataset that best reflects the ecology of the species, rather than automatically using coarse‐grained data from WorldClim or CHELSA.

Correcting citizen‐science air temperature measurements across the Netherlands for short wave radiation bias

AbstractCitizen‐science thermometer measurements have the potential to provide information about surface air temperature fields on scales smaller than is typically quantified by the official monitoring network. As such, national meteorological services are becoming increasingly interested in these measurements as a possible source of data for use in weather monitoring or forecasting. However, in order for the information to be used, biases in the data need to be assessed. The most important source of bias is the potential overheating of the thermometer due to inadequate shielding or exposure. Previous research has indicated that information about the nature of the instrument and its exposure is important for correcting this bias. However, in the majority of cases this information is unavailable for amateur stations. In this paper a statistical correction for short wave radiation bias is developed for the air temperature data recorded at 159 Weather Observations Website (WOW) stations across the Netherlands during the period 2015–2016. Generalized additive mixed modelling (GAMM) is used to quantify and correct for short wave radiation bias in the hourly measurements using a background temperature field generated from the official 34 automatic weather stations along with satellite‐derived short wave radiation estimates. It is demonstrated that the corrected WOW data add local detail to the hourly temperature field, which may provide a useful source of data to supplement official measurements.

PENINGKATAN KINERJA OPERASIONAL DENGAN MENGAKTIFKAN STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR DI JAVA ORIGIN

Java Origin is a company that runs in fashion field. The competition of the business world become tighten in accordance with the era. Various strategies are done by the company so that the company will not be left behind by the other competitors. One of the company’s strategy is to fix internal SOP. To know the role of SOP quality control towards operational performance of Java Origin. Determination of data source use purposive sampling with two speakers from internal employeer of Java Origin. One lecturer of Java Origin and one owner of business. The method that is used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data analysis use data reduction. Validation and data reliability that are used membercheck and triangulation source. The result of this research is the company is still lack concept out SOP. Java Origin company need to follow the existing SOP, does not interfere work division, implement evaluation system, built up more communication.

Strategies to evaluate healthcare provider trainings in shared decision-making (SDM): a systematic review of evaluation studies

Design and objectivesWe performed a systematic review of studies evaluating healthcare provider (HCP) trainings in shared decision-making (SDM) to analyse their evaluation strategies.Setting and participantsHCP trainings in SDM from all...

“Is there any time left for walking?” Physical activity implications of suburban commuting in the Barcelona metropolitan region

ABSTRACTThe present study delves into the explanatory factors of the walking patterns of residents in metropolitan regions, who tend to be pressed for time when travelling to their daily destinations or activities. We particularly focus on the effects of the commuting distance on the amount of walking that can be achieved, which has health, socioeconomic and environmental implications. This study confirms the potential benefits of using smartphone tracking data to examine walking patterns. To enable this, a smartphone tracking application was developed to obtain accurate mobility data from a group of adults (n = 93) residing in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region (Spain) and have to commute to a suburban university campus that can only be reached by using motorized transport modes. The results highlight the commuting distance and employment status as strong determinants of the amount of walking time achieved by this study group. Moreover, it was determined that among transit users, the commuting distance of male commuters was negatively associated with walking when compared with female transit users, whereas explanatory factors for private transport users bore insignificant results. Smartphone devices proved their potential as an effective and useful source of data in transportation and health research.

TINDAK PIDANA TERORISME OLEH ANGGOTA JAMAAH ISLAMIYAH DAN ANGGOTA MAJELIS MUJAHIDIN INDONESIA DALAM PERSPEKTIF KRIMINOLOGI

Terorism in Indonesian is regulated constitution number 15th 2003 about stipulation of government regulations in lieu of laws number 1st 2002 about eradication of terrorist. Although, constitution eradication of terrorist has been formed, terrorism in Indonesian always happened, like as terrorist act at J.W. Marriot Hotels on 2003 whom responsible was Noordin M.Top dan Dr. Azahari Husin. They were join in Jamaah Islamiyah organization. Based on the above rationale , the issues discussed , namely , first, what is factor cause incidence terorism by members of Jamaah Islamiyah and Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia? second, How is effort Indonesian Republic of Police to prevent incident terorism? Spesification research is analytical descriptive. Method used is as a normative juridical approach and empirical as the main supporter of the main approache. Data source use of primary data and secondary data. Engineering is a field study data collection through interviews and literature study. Data were presented in the form of descriptive analysis, which describes factor cause incidence terorism and effort to prevent incident terorism by of Jamaah Islamiyah and Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia, while after analysis data will presented with qualitative method. Based on the results of research and discussion can be deduced, first, factor cause incidence terorism by members of Jamaah Islamiyah and Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia because mindset about Islam religion which wrong, social public relation, social politic factor, economic factor and then Solidarity religion. Second, effort Indonesian Republic of Police to prevent incident terorism, from Regional police West Sumatera which is conducted by Intelijen Directory as implement the program Intelijen Directory to prevent incident terorism, to do coordination with others side, data collection and protection for Electronic media, Deradicalization and Mapin, Fublic Founding Directory as improve quality person of Indonesian Republic Police and arrangement person, external coordination, judge communication with society, counseling and founding for society and Public Relation Section as submit information to society and be relation between Police with society.

Direct participation of higher education institution employees in the organisational change process: study report

Motivation: Changes in the organization’s environment require its adjustment through the process of organisational change. For changes to bring expected, positive results, it is recommended that all employees be involved. Employee direct participation is one of the most effective methods of winning them for change and making them favour changes in the form of cooperation, engagement and reduction of resistance. In the literature, there are not too much studies focused on employee direct participation in the organisational change process at universities. Therefore, this area seems to be an interesting research field. Aim: The objective of this study is to analyse the process of change of organisational structure (number of departments) at a faculty of a higher education institution in the Pomeranian Province, in terms of the direct participation of research and academic staff and teaching staff in this process. The study was conducted using quantitative methods (a questionnaire). The study sample (the faculty and its employees) was selected intentionally due to the usefulness of data sources. Results: It was found that the selected employees participate in the change cycle in a limited way, with indifference and resistance being main attitudes to that change. Research results suggest that the causes of that state include autocratic style of management on the part of change designers, little time devoted to involve employees in the process, and negative atmosphere caused by staff rotation (dominant internal factor).

IPTEKS PENYUSUNAN ATAU PEMUTAKHIRAN DATA PROFIL WAJIB PAJAK OLEH ACCOUNT REPRESENTATIVE DI KANTOR PELAYANAN PAJAK PRATAMA MANADO

Account Representatives in KPP Pratama Manado have task to construct and update data profile of taxpayers. Valid source of data is a must for Account Representatives to do their task. By using internal datas from DJP such as SIDJP, MPN, Master File, Portal Intranet DJP or datas in Tax Amnesty are choices for Account Representatives in KPP Pratama Manado to run it, besides there are some way that can be used like digital technologies or do visit directly to taxpayers. The purpose of this study is to know the way Account Representative in KPP Pratama Manado using data sources given by DJP or KPP Pratama itself, digital technologies or visiting taxpayers in order to construct or update data profile of taxpayers. Suggestion for KPP Pratama Manado is to updates the use of data sources owned by DJP’s internal system and to maximizing digital technologies, such as telephone and electronic chatting application directly to taxpayers to help AR do their tasks effectively and efficiently.Keywords : taxpayer, profile, account representative, data source

Tunnelling 4.0 – Construction‐related future trends

AbstractThe digitalisation of construction‐related processes will increasingly penetrate the individual development phases of tunnel construction projects (design, construction and operation). The digital transformation will affect all tunnelling processes through its four key levers: ”digital data, automation, networks and digital access“. Topics such as Industry 4.0, digital twins, Building Information Modelling or Lean Management will lead to a rethink in the construction industry. The constant use of data sources and the storage of data in independent databases is already possible. This makes it possible for the project participants to analyse collected construction‐related data, to process it and to make it available through an online portal. This results in the possibility to evaluate, optimize and document construction processes on a well‐founded data base. Complex construction management systems will be described with digital models, and the use of digital knowledge systems will support the decision‐making process for stakeholders. The fundamental philosophy of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method should not be called into question by standardised calculation algorithms and tunnelling software. In this contribution, visionary future trends are outlined for cyclical and continuous tunnelling methods, which should stimulate a controversial discussion.

Uses of Panel Study of Income Dynamics Data in Research on Aging.

The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) has, over its 50-year history, proven to be a useful source of data for research on virtually all of the major topics in the area of social gerontology. This usefulness reflects three of the leading features of the PSID: its longitudinality, its content, and its tracking rules, which permit users to develop family-based and generationally-linked measures. This paper summarizes key areas of survey content, including both routinely-collected data and several one-time or occasional supplements to the routine items. The paper also illustrates how these data elements have been used, providing examples of published papers in several areas of social gerontology. Finally, the paper points out some methodological issues associated with the PSID design; these methodological issues arise, in varying degrees, in longitudinal studies other than the PSID, and should be acknowledged by both the producers and consumers of longitudinal-data research.

Using reflected signal power from the BeiDou geostationary satellites to estimate soil moisture

ABSTRACTSatellites-based microwave sensors are sensitive to soil moisture at the surface of the Earth, but their performance is limited by their continuously varying footprints due to the repeat cycle of satellites. In recent years, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) microwave signals have been used to estimate soil moisture and the BeiDou system (BDS) provides new signal sources. Unlike Global Positioning System, BDS includes five geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites. Because their orbits are geosynchronous, the footprints of the GEO satellites remain nearly unchanged for fixed receivers; this property is beneficial for continuous long-term observation of reflection studies in the fixed area. We conducted a ground-based field experiment and collected data that included signals from GEO satellites and in situ soil moisture observations during this experiment to investigate the soil moisture estimation using the power of the reflected BDS signals. In this letter, we first designed a filter to separate the effect of GEO slight motion on raw signal. We then calculated and calibrated reflection coefficient. Finally, we estimate the continuous soil moisture in the fixed area per half hour using the reflection coefficient. The results show that the estimated soil moisture changes are largely consistent with the in situ soil moisture data except rainy days in which soil moisture changes rapidly and the mean absolute error of the estimation is less than 2.37%. This experiment demonstrates that the BDS GEO satellites represent an important source of data for use in GNSS reflectometry.

The Polish land administration system supporting good governance

Abstract Good governance is a very broad concept that accounts for various processes in land management and land administration. Good governance is one of the management models in the public sector. It supports decision making and assists the public administration in the process of fulfilling its statutory duties. The relevant principles are defined by the European Commission. Above all, the public administration requires an interoperable land administration system (LAS) that integrates many public registers and supports efficient land management. At present, the public administration uses various types of data from different sources. This process is time-consuming and economically inefficient. The LAS provides public entities with access to integrated spatial data from multiple records. It supports the fulfilment of public tasks by providing a single-window facility. The article analyses the architecture of the Polish LAS and the public administration’s demand for real estate data with the aim of achieving good governance. The study discusses public administration processes where the LAS can be used extensively. An analysis of the land management system and the land administration system revealed that the Polish LAS is a highly useful source of data.