Use Of Working Time Research Articles

Modern methods of working time accounting in the management and personal records accounting system: IT solutions

To effectively manage the working time of employees, it is necessary to have reliable information about the content of working time costs and the structure of the functions performed by them during the working day. Based on the information obtained as a result of studying the costs of working time, most tasks related to the organization of labor and its rationing are solved. The study of the labor process involves the analysis of all its characteristics that affect labor costs and the efficiency of the use of production resources. The article touches upon the issue of rational use of working time as one of the conditions for labor efficiency. The work spelled out the main goal of considering modern methods of working time accounting in the management and personal records accounting system. A comparative analysis of classical methods of accounting for working time and IT solutions is made. An example of calculating the efficiency of using working time at one of the enterprises in Uzbekistan is given. The author has mentioned the modern software products for working time accounting.

Трансформація живої праці під впливом цифровізації економіки

The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the signs and features of the transformation of living labor under the influence of digitalization. The article examines the essence of the concept of «transformation of living labor» and the nature of the impact of digitalization of the economy thereupon; the directions of changes in living labor in the conditions of formation of the information and network economy were identified; changes in forms of employment in the context of the formation of the gig economy sector were substantiated; peculiarities of the functioning of digital platforms as a new type of basic economic institution and the scale of the influence of digital technologies on living labor through the prism of changes in the organic capital structure were revealed; the contours of the change in the formation of the cost of labor force as a result of a change in the owners of the means of production were indicated; the essence of digital capital was researched; the multidirectional nature of the processes that form the demand and supply of labor force in Ukraine was studied and substantiated. Based on the theories of transformation of systems and the labor economics, the concept of «transformation of living labor» is defined as changes in social and labor relations that arise in the processes of creating new value and reproduction of labor force. It is proposed to distinguish two levels of research on the transformation of living labor under the influence of digital technologies, namely: common to the economic environment and specific to the labor market, which made it possible to further determine the directions of its changes according to the characteristics of each of them, using the method of abstraction. The theoretical substantiation of changes according to the signs of two levels of transformation of living labor was further developed. For the first level, which defines the determinants of general shifts for the economic environment, it is proposed and substantiated to single out such features as: the transition from an industrial-market to an information-network economy; formation of the gig economy; formation of digital platforms; for the second level, which is specific to the labor market, the signs of transformation processes are as follows: creating conditions for the growth of the organic capital structure; changes in the formation of components of the cost of labor force as a result of a change in the owners of the means of production; formation of digital capital; multidirectional processes that form supply and demand in the labor market. The blocks by which it is advisable to examine the effectiveness of the use of digital platforms, according to the authors, can be: production costs; quality of products, works, services; use of working time; the level and quality of e-commerce; the level of economic relations; quality of access to information.

Организация работы следователя

The main directions of the organization of the work of the investigator are considered, which ensure the creation of the best conditions for high-quality, efficient, complete and rapid disclosure and investigation of crimes, as well as the implementation of current organizational activities with the most optimal expenditure of time, effort, and funds established, that the organizational issues of the investigator’s work and their detailed study allow not only to ensure the timely fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the preliminary investigation, but also to avoid or minimize conflicts that occur in practice during the investigation. The analysis of the main reasons for the inefficient organization of the work of investigators made it possible not only to give the necessary recommendations, but also to highlight their scientific and practical components. It was revealed that in view of the fact that the preliminary investigation is of great importance for the proper administration of justice, then the correct organization of work at the preliminary investigation allows not only to properly carry out functional and official duties, but also to comply with the time frames indicated by the current criminal procedure legislation. The conclusion is made about the relevance of an active approach in organizing the work of an investigator in order to achieve optimal conditions for his work, due to the impossibility of carrying out the tasks assigned to the investigator without successfully fulfilling his professional duties. This is especially true in the current era of digitalization of the activities of preliminary investigation bodies. The investigator must act as a universal manager of planning his time, taking into account modern conditions and the needs of society and legislation. The issues of rational planning and accounting for the effectiveness of the use of working time by the investigator were studied. Recommendations are given for its systematization and control of working time. Emphasis is placed on the need for scientific improvement of the activities of the investigator, the use of forecasting and optimization in planning, which plays an important role in the organization of competent, fast and objective proceedings in criminal cases and audit materials in general. Recommendations are given for the use of special programs for organizing time for the benefit of the investigation, taking into account modern features of the digitalization of society. The main ways and means of improving the technical work of the investigator, which occupies a large place in his activities, are recommended.

Визначення внутрішньозмінних втрат робочого часу роботи обладнання методом миттєвих спостережень

The article considers the use of the method of instantaneous observations to determine the intra-variable losses of working time and operating time of equipment by the method of instantaneous observations. The application of the method of instantaneous observations is especially relevant in the conditions of mass production, especially in the conditions of automated and semi-automated production. Additional reserves for the use of variable working time and increased productivity have been revealed. A separate example considers the method of applying the method of instantaneous observations to determine intra-variable losses. Based on the obtained results, absolute and relative indicators were calculated according to the elements of variable time fund losses. When processing the results of sample observation, averages were calculated, which characterize the average number of downtimes or average time loss per machine in absolute terms. It was found that non-production losses were recorded in 245 cases, which was 14.85% of the variable fund of equipment operating time. Based on the analysis of these indicators, it was concluded about the uneven use of variable stock of operating time of machines. The amount of losses of the variable working time fund, calculated on the basis of the method of instant observations, was much larger compared to the method of photography of the working day. The use of the method of instant observation in the company requires significantly fewer workers than in the photography of working time. The use of this method allows to obtain sufficiently reliable results that can be used in operational production at an industrial enterprise.

Estimation of the efficiency of using the working time by veterinary specialists and ichtiopathologists in fisheries of the Novgorod region

This article shows the calculation of the effectiveness of the use of working time by veterinary specialists ichthyopathologists in fish farms of the Novgorod region. The obtained calculations will help to scientifically substantiate the rationing of work of veterinary specialists and ichthyopathologists. The level of employment of veterinarians in operational work is average, ranging from 32.1 to 41.1%, which meets the requirements of state veterinary institutions. Preparatory and final work takes a lot of time, from 37.3 to 44.4%, due to the significant expenditure on the road to the cages. It should be noted that the analyzed farms have reserves for increasing the labor productivity of veterinary specialists in the amount of 11.25-18.22%, including by eliminating the time spent on random unproductive work (from 10.7 to 15.8%).

Analysis of Human Resource Needs Through the Workload of PT Telkom Indonesia (Case Study: Government Service Division)

Human resource planning is a series of activities carried out to anticipate business and environmental demands on the organization in the future and to meet labor needs that arise from certain conditions. This study aims to analyze the use of working time by employees in the Government Service Division; analyze the optimal number of employees based on the workload in the Government Service Division, and analyze the alternatives or managerial implications that can be offered to the Government Service Division. This study used the Workload Indicator Staffing Need (WISN) analysis method with work sampling technique. The population in this study are employees who work in the Government Service Division (DGS). The sample size was selected using the probability sampling method and the sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the highest use of working time was found in the Legal 1 Bidding and Management sub-unit with a value of 84.32% and the lowest was found in the Complaint Handling Assurance and Delivery sub-unit with a value of 80%. Each Government Service Division unit requires additional employees, with the highest need being in the Assurance and Delivery unit as many as 19 people and the lowest need being in the Government Solution and Partnership unit as many as eight people. The managerial implication that can be given as input is that the company needs to re-evaluate the planning of all aspects both in recruitment, competence, and the development that will be carried out. Keywords: employee needs, WISN, workload, work sampling.

Risk management in the sphere of wages

The subject of article is to study the problems of risk management associated, in particular, with the discrepancies of official and actual wage assessments. The most important value for effective risk management has adequate information support, which includes a wide range of various types of information: statistical, economic, commercial, financial, legal, technical, etc. In the study, general scientific and special methods were used: analysis and synthesis, analogy and comparison, statistical estimates, etc. The results of work. The peculiarities of some methods of comparing official and actual wage assessments based on the principles of audit inspections are highlighted. The results of the study can be used by all stakeholders, including the authorities of the state executive power in improving the mechanisms for implementing the socio-economic policy of employment and state regulation of the labor market in the field of remuneration. The conclusions. 1. Based on the methods of comparing official and actual wage assessments in accordance with established criteria, a conditional-positive conclusion is provided to the reliability and legality of information reflected in the financial statements, according to the results of operations on the process of remuneration in 2020. 2. The main tasks that should be aimed at solving risk management issues by auditing calculations for remuneration are defined: confirmation of the reliability of accruals and payments to employees, displaying processes of accounting processes; finding out the legality and completeness of salaries and other payments to employees in favor of the enterprise, other subjects; verification in the organization of analytical accounting calculations for remuneration and interconnection of analytical and synthetic accounting; the assessment of the administration takes place in order to timely collect debt payments to employees, which is an important source of information to verify these issues. 3. The promising areas of research in the field of labor accounting and its payment in order to minimize risks include: control over compliance with regular discipline and rational use of working time; the correct calculation of labor costs in the account of labor; legitimate payroll and dependents from it; implementation of timely and reliable salary calculations; control over the use of the wage fund; providing consumers with information on labor and wages.

Efficiency of Managerial Work and Performance of Managers: Time Management Point of View.

Appropriate time management allows individuals to achieve work and personal goals, plan tasks, set priorities, eliminate disruptive effects, and increase work efficiency and productivity. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of managerial work and the performance of managers of food companies in the V4 countries (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland) from the perspective of time management principles, point out the shortcomings and reserves that can ensure time management, and propose solutions to improve business practice. We set five research assumptions in order to evaluate the situation comprehensively. A survey carried out from September 2020 to January 2021 involved 1588 managers working at various levels of management. Statistical methods and tests were used for data processing and their subsequent evaluation. The data were processed using Microsoft Excel 2016, the statistical software SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1, and XLSTAT. The analysis showed that three-quarters of managers are aware of the value of their time. More than half of the managers involved try to regularly review their agenda in order to identify gaps in the use of time and to avoid repeating unproductive practices. Only half of the managers make arrangements not to think about work in their free time. The managers spend the most time in their work dealing with administration. Intensifying the implementation of ICT (information and communication technologies) in the work of the manager has the effect of increasing the efficiency of the division and use of working time of managers. Based on our findings, we consider the goal orientation, positive motivation, systematic training, and development of managers as a key prerequisite for efficiency of managerial work and performance of managers and their effective time management.

Information System for Calculating Medical Record Personnel in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0

Medical recorders and health information are some of the health workers who are included in the "medical technical" group where the task of medical recorders and health information is to manage patient data into health information that is useful for decision making. Planning for the needs of health personnel must be following the needs in the field in terms of type, qualification, quantity, and procurement. Excess health personnel will result in unproductive use of work time, while a shortage of health workers will result in excessive workloads so that in planning the needs of health workers an analysis of the workload is required. This study was conducted to obtain information on the ideal number of medical record health personnel using workload calculations. This research method is based on the calculation method of Work Load Indicator Staff Need (WISN) through the implementation of a website-based information system at XYZ Hospital. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the ratio of <1 HR in the unit is not sufficient and not following the workload, namely the number of human resources in the Old Patient TPPRJ with a ratio value of 0.33; RJ coding ratio value 0.41; and Analysis with a ratio value of 0.38. Lack of officers at TPPRJ for Old Patients, RJ Coding, and Analysis resulted in poor service, so it is necessary to add medical personnel to that section when conditions are crowded.

PENGARUH PENGAWASAN LANGSUNG TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DI LINGKUNGAN INSPEKTORAT KOTA PADANGSIDIMPUAN SUMATERA UTARA

This research is performed using census research method. In this research , the population is all employees of 32 people in the Regional Inspectorate of Padangsidimpuan. The data analysis technique used is descriptive and quantitative analysis. The results show that employees in the Office of the Regional Inspectorate of Padangsidimpuan have direct monitoring by a category quite good. It can also be seen from the quality, quantity, use of worktime and employee cooperationFrom the research that has been conducted at the Regional Inspectorate of Padangsidimpuan, there is a positive relationship between direct monitoring with the employee 's performance. The results of single regression analysis also shows a positive influence of the variable direct monitoring to the employee performance . If an increase in direct monitoring, the employee 's performance will increase as well. It can be concluded that the direct monitoring contributes to employee performance variables in the Regional Inspectorate Padangsidimpuan of 99.36 %

Управление рабочим временем как способ повышения производительности труда

The study is devoted to the study of the rational use of working time in the context of the implementation of the main functions of management: planning, organization, motivation, control, coordination. The goal is a methodology for assessing the optimal use of the organization's working time based on the criteria for analyzing the effectiveness of the implementation of the main functions of management. Research methods: semantic analysis of the conceptual apparatus, methods of mathematical modeling to describe various factors that characterize the main functions of management in the context of working time management. Experimental methods: the method of expert assessments, questionnaires, photography of the working day. Domestic and foreign approaches to the concept of working time management are considered, the author's approach is given. Based on the process-functional approach, a methodology and algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of the working time management process. This model has been tested on the example of a self-regulatory organization operating in construction. A task was set, which was implemented within the framework of the project to optimize the use of working time of employees of the inspection and control department. Were analyzed the regulations of various levels of decision-making governing the work of employees. A questionnaire survey of opportunities and middle managers was instructed to form a number of criteria necessary for the application of the developed methodology. The results of the study allowed us to conclude about the average efficiency of the working time management process. Based on the results of the implementation of the recommendations, in particular, the application of lean manufacturing methods and the adjustment of local regulatory documents, it was possible to increase the effectiveness of managing the working time of the organization's employees.

Information System for Calculating Medical Record Personnel in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0

Medical recorders and health information are some of the health workers who are included in the "medical technical" group where the task of medical recorders and health information is to manage patient data into health information that is useful for decision making. Planning for the needs of health personnel must be following the needs in the field in terms of type, qualification, quantity, and procurement. Excess health personnel will result in unproductive use of work time, while a shortage of health workers will result in excessive workloads so that in planning the needs of health workers an analysis of the workload is required. This study was conducted to obtain information on the ideal number of medical record health personnel using workload calculations. This research method is based on the calculation method of Work Load Indicator Staff Need (WISN) through the implementation of a website-based information system at XYZ Hospital. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the ratio of <1 HR in the unit is not sufficient and not following the workload, namely the number of human resources in the Old Patient TPPRJ with a ratio value of 0.33; RJ coding ratio value 0.41; and Analysis with a ratio value of 0.38. Lack of officers at TPPRJ for Old Patients, RJ Coding, and Analysis resulted in poor service, so it is necessary to add medical personnel to that section when conditions are crowded.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СИСТЕМИ КОНТРОЛЮ ТА КЕРУВАННЯ ВИСІВОМ SCSO-25 НА СІВАЛЦІ СЗ-3 «АСТРА-3»

The purpose of the study: to investigate and evaluate the design features, technical level and quality of the control and monitoring system SCSO-25 produced by SPE Monad Kherson installed on the grain drill SZ-3 "Astra-3". Research methods: analytical and experimental, field, operational-technological and agro-technical research. Research results. For research of the control system operation the SCSO-25 seeding control and monitoring system (Monada SPF LLC) was selected and installed on the SZ-3 Astra-3 grain mounted seed drill. According to the results of agro-technical assessment, it is established that the drill sows the specified number of seeds, determined by the control system of SCSO-25. According to the test results, it is established that the grain seeder SZ-3"Astra-3" with the control system SCSO-25 constantly performs the technological process provided by the technical conditions. At a speed of 11.4 km/h. deviation of the actual seeding rate from the established one was 1.3%. At the same time, the uneven sowing between individual sowing machines and the instability of the total sowing were obtained within the TC and amounted to 1.62% and 0.73%, respectively (according to the TC not more than 3.0 and 2.8%). And wrapping the seeds to the desired depth made it possible to obtain the relative field germination of barley seeds at 92.8%. Conclusions. According to the test results, the control and management system SCSO-25 has a fairly high technical level and thanks to a wide range of functions and settings allows to stably control the parameters of the seeder SZ-3 "Astra-3" and meets the technical requirements. In addition, the control system creates a technological track for intensive technology of growing cereals in accordance with the specified parameters. The creation of a tramline allows saving the expensive seed from 4 to 8 %, which also has a positive effect on the formulation of the production cost. The use of the SZ-3 "Astra-3" with the control and management system SCSO-25 improves the working conditions of the operator, allows more efficient use of working time and saves expensive seed, which in turn helps to increase profitability.

Organizational Culture as a Mediator Motivation and Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance

The research process begins by identifying problems in the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) of the Republic of Indonesia. These several targets were not achieved by the end of 2019, sorting and conducting problem formulation, data collection, and preliminary studies. This process starts from January 2020 to May 2020. Following the research objectives, the research design used was a descriptive causal study with the variable Motivation, Transformational Leadership, and Organizational Culture as the independent variable and the Employee Performance variable as the dependent variable. The study population was all PUPR civil servants who had duties and directly related to planning activities and reporting systems. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Using the sample size technique from Slovin, the number of respondents in this study was 120 respondents. Field data collection was carried out by survey method using questionnaires, which were processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) version 3.0 program. The results show that the performance of the state civil servants at the Ministry of PUPR of the Republic of Indonesia is positively and significantly influenced by work culture, especially in the use of working time effectively and efficiently, and is closely related to how well a superior is as a role model who gives an example to subordinates in implementing time management well.
 
 Received: 4 January 2021 / Accepted: 22 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021

Innovation in the Production Process: Conditions in Line with the Production Schedule

Purpose: Efficient implementation of the production process is important nowadays. The form of production is important from the point of view of meeting the conditions in which operations are assigned to individual positions in accordance with the production process, based on the schedule of a given production. Approach/Methodology/Design: The literature on production processes was reviewed according to manufacturing techniques. The conditions of production feasibility were verified, together with the verification of the matching of employees and the degree of use of working time. The following formulas were used to achieve the above objective, production programme of final products, cooperation products, production of spare parts, repeatability of parts in the product, shortage rate and number of assortments of finished products. Findings: The combination of the above-mentioned elements at the same time makes it possible to identify innovations, as so far no one has analyzed this issue in a simultaneous manner. Immediate solutions are indicated. Practical Implications: In the literature on the subject no one has assumed all these activities at once. There was also no numerical connection in this area. Originality/Value: The originality is given by the timing of the links between the individual process steps, which allows it to be considered innovative.

Improving labor productivity through the rational use of working time on the basis of time management technologies

Improving labor productivity through the rational use of working time on the basis of time management technologies

Labor productivity as a factor of sustainable development of agricultural enterprises

In modern conditions of industrial and economic activity, the problem of labor productivity research and identification of reserves for its growth is acute. Labor productivity analysis allows you to assess the degree of labor organization, detect problems and develop methods to eliminate them. The purpose of the work is to study the indicators of labor productivity assessment and develop measures to improve the labor efficiency of employees of an agricultural organization. Recently, for the successful conduct of the production and economic activities of the enterprise, the issue of the working time spent on performing a certain type of work and the possible loss of profit from its irrational use is acute. It is proposed to eliminate the identified problems by introducing into the production cycle an automatic solution unit of the RIA NWR for the preparation of ready-made working solutions of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products. The introduction of this mortar unit will reduce the costs of production processes that cause the loss of part of the profit due to the irrational use of working time. The practical significance of the study is due to the fact that theoretical and practical recommendations can be used by specialists of agricultural organizations in order to increase the efficiency of the use of labor resources.

Software and hardware solution for monitoring and managing the efficiency of work of construction objects based on analysis of the use of working time

Today, even taking into account the rapid progress, one of the most important problems of any organization is the loss of income due to violations of labor discipline of employees. The solution to this problem can be the use of specialized software and hardware products designed to monitor and control the actions of personnel. The construction industry is the most lagging behind in the issue of automation of accounting for actually worked time due to the complexity and versatility of the processes taking place at the construction site. Failure to meet the construction deadline leads to the accrual of fines, reducing the income from the contract. In addition, objects that are not completed on time spoil the statistics of the construction organization and can reduce the likelihood of receiving a new order, and the absence The importance of the developed system lies in the fact that the information that this system will analyze will allow: discipline, calculate wages for the actual time worked and the amount of work performed, receive factual data on many problems and exceptional situations that arise during the implementation of projects.

The relationship between active, balanced participation and well-being in older adults in the United States: A time-use perspective

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between occupational balance and well-being in older adults. The sample was 2,142 older adults (aged 65 and older; mean age=73.4; 59.6% female) from the American Time-Use Survey (ATUS). Work and leisure time use was reported as the amount of time (min) spent on work and leisure occupations in the 24-hour day. A median split of total time spent on both work and leisure was used to create 4 time-use groups: high work-high leisure = active balanced; high work-low leisure = work-focused; low work-high leisure = leisure-focused; and low work-low leisure = inactive balanced. Well-being was rated from 0 (the worst possible life) to 10 (the best possible life). Results showed that the active balanced group had significantly higher well-being than the inactive balanced group, after controlling for perceived health and well-restedness (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between any other group combinations (e.g., leisure-focused vs. work-focused and work-focused vs. active-balanced). These findings are consistent with the occupational science literature indicating the importance of active participation in both work and leisure occupations for higher well-being and extended to the older adult population.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РОБОЧОГО ЧАСУ В АВТОСЕРВІСНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ

In the article to presents an analysis of the use of working time in car service enterprises (CSE) based on real statistical information, as well as an assessment of the efficiency of using working time and suggests ways to improve for specific CSE. The object of study – the standard and worked hours of the production personnel of car service enterprises, as well as the flow of applications and the duration of their execution. Objective – the analyze the use of working time by the production personnel of car service enterprises and assess the effectiveness of its use. Research Methods – analytical and statistical analysis, mathematical simulation. Today the urgency of the problem of efficient use of working time at enterprises is increasing. It is known that the effective work of any enterprise largely depends on the completeness and expediency of using the fund of working time. Working hours should be used by workers and employees exclusively for the performance of their labor function. The rational use of working time is acquiring great importance right now, in the conditions of the development of market relations and the complication of economic ties, when it is necessary to increase the scale of production. In a car service, the performance of maintenance and current repairs is standardized, but the total volume of services performed or standard hours worked does not always satisfy the CSE management. This is due to a wide variety of works and their specific performance, as well as the individual requirements of the clients themselves. One of the important tasks facing each enterprise is to reduce the loss of working time. That is why the study of the loss of working time should be carried out constantly by analyzing the structure of working time, identifying the reasons for non-fulfillment of norms, irrational expenditure of working time, since the time worked by workers is the main measure of labor. A significant contribution to the development of this area of scientific research was made by well-known scientists in Ukraine: A.I. Amosha, S.I. Bandur, A.F. Novikova, V.V. Onikienko, S.I. Pirozhkov, L.V. Shaulskaya and others. To study, we were used statistical data for work and the volume of services sold by four car service enterprises in Kiev: private entrepreneur Arsentiev I.V., private enterprise "Alkazar-Kiev", private enterprise "Jerman Autoservice" (Bosch Car Service), LLC "Avtobereg". These CSE are mainly engaged in complex maintenance and repair of individual components of passenger cars and keep track of the hours worked. To analyze the efficiency of using the working time of enterprises were used the coefficient of using the working time post КВРЧ and the auxiliary load factor post КЗ. On the basis of statistical information, it has been established that CSE data use 71...83% (КВРЧ = 0.71...0.83) of their planned annual working time fund. According to literary sources and regulations, the average value of the КВРЧ coefficient for CSE is 0.87...0.98. So one would assume that CSE data is inefficiently using working hours. But this indicates that the working conditions of the CSE have changed, and therefore it is necessary to revise these norms. To solve this problem, it is necessary to additionally analyze the individual operating conditions of the CSE and determine the maximum possible operating parameters. At the same time, the coefficients КЗ and КВРЧ can be used to assess the effectiveness of the CSE and the use of working time directly. But they do not make it possible to accurately determine the reasons for the decrease or increase in efficiency, as well as ways to improve it. KEYWORDS: CAR SERVICE ENTERPRISE, WORKING TIME, THE COEFFICIENT OF USE OF WORKING TIME OF THE FAST, THE COEFFICIENT OF LOADING OF THE FAST, EFFICIENCY OF USE.