The purpose of this study is to clarify theoretical issues about managing online teaching activities at vocational education institutions. These focus on clarifying the content of online teaching management, including planning online teaching activities; managing the program, content, methods, and forms of organizing online teaching; organizing and coordinating activities of forces in online teaching; directing the construction, exploitation, and use of technology platforms and conditions to ensure online teaching activities at vocational education institutions; organizing inspection and evaluation of the quality and results of online teaching activities at vocational education institutions. To achieve this goal, this study uses qualitative methods, analyzes legal documents on online teaching, and is based on the methodological basis of dialectical materialism, considering the research problem objectively, comprehensively, historically, and developmentally. The research results have clarified and systematized the theoretical framework for managing online teaching activities at vocational education institutions, serving as a basis for practical management activities of vocational education institutions in improving the quality of online teaching.