Use Of State Resources Research Articles

Adhesión del régimen de vigilancia y control fiscal a los principios de gestión y gerencia pública en el marco constitucional colombiano

This article examines the evolution of the fiscal oversight and control regime in Colombia from the perspective of public management and administration. Through a qualitative analysis of doctrine, legislation, and jurisprudence, the study seeks to understand how this system has evolved, particularly following the 1991 constitutional reform. The research reveals significant progress in implementing a more proactive and preventive fiscal control framework, focused on efficiency, economy, and equity. However, persistent challenges remain, such as effective resource management and the prevention of corruption. The methodology employed combines an exhaustive review of academic literature with an analysis of key documents, such as judicial rulings. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening the autonomy of territorial comptroller offices and promoting greater coordination among oversight entities to effectively combat corruption. In conclusion, this study underscores the close relationship between fiscal oversight and public administration, emphasizing the need for efficient and responsible public management to ensure the proper use of state resources. It concludes that while important advances have been made, challenges remain that require constant attention from the competent authorities.

Issues of the functioning of soviet industrial cooperation in the restoration of the Bryansk region (1943–1945)

This study is devoted to industrial cooperation in the Bryansk region in the context of the restoration of this region after the Nazi occupation. Based on archival materials presented by the records of cooperative industry officials of the Bryansk region directly and their capital authorities, as well as reporting data from industrial cooperation and the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR from the funds of two federal and one regional archives, an attempt is being made to restore the history of industrial cooperation in the Bryansk region, highlighting features of the functioning of this system in the economy of the USSR using the example of a specific liberated subject of the Russian Federation. The article is based on a descriptive method using technology geographic information systems in the QGIS program. The author states the presence of serious obstacles in the work of Soviet industrial cooperation associated with the low material and technical equipment of industrial cooperative artels, as well as the complexity of the planned tasks assigned to them, but at the same time concludes that there is a certain limit of trust on the part of the state in terms of attitude towards the cooperative industry, which was expressed in the release of industrial cooperation with more serious plans compared to the main competitors of industrial cooperation in the form of local industry. Despite the low labor productivity, cooperators demonstrated high survival rate due to the combination of the active use of state resources, which provided all possible assistance to artels and the trade unions that form them, and the use of their own potential, expressed in the form of the possibility of simplified organization of production and investment long-term lending of intra-cooperative origin.

Navigating the Divide A Marxist Analysis of The White Tiger

This study conducted a Marxist analysis of Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger The study aims to demonstrate how desire shapes the protagonist, Balram and influences broader societal dynamics within the framework of Marxist theory. By deploying this theory as its lens, the paper seeks to unveil the underlying structures perpetuating social inequalities in the depicted Indian milieu. The narrative unfolds through a dual exploration of two distinct social classes: privileged ‘haves’ in the India of Light and the marginalized ‘have nots’ in the India of Darkness. Through meticulous examination of specific instances in the novel, the analysis reveals the illicit use of state resources by political and economic elites, showcasing the intricate interplay between desire, corruption, and societal structures. The study illuminates how Adiga portrays the extreme and practical facets of Indian society, providing a nuanced understanding of the character’s motivations and the broader socio-economic context. This exploration contributes to a deeper comprehension of the novel’s socio-political commentary, elucidating the complex connections between individual aspirations, systemic corruption, and class divisions. In conclusion, the analysis not only enriches our understanding of The White Tiger, but also augments the broader discourse on literature, ideology, and societal critique.

Benign bureaucracies? Religious affairs ministries as institutions of political control

ABSTRACT Despite calls for examining how authoritarian regimes employ state structures to prolong their rule and evidence that they regulate religion to shape the behaviour of religious elites, there has been little attention devoted to religious affairs ministries, which are key sites of interaction between religious actors and the state, and are often the primary institution through which regimes manage religion. This study identifies and describes eight core areas these ministries regulate that can be used as instruments for repression and co-optation of regime opponents, and state legitimation: prayer, appointments, education, religious advice and decisions, religious endowments, media, registration, and charity. In this analysis, we seek to bridge the gap between the literatures on religion, the Middle East, and authoritarianism by synthesizing recent research and analysing religious affairs ministries in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region. We argue that by fulfilling these functions, religion ministries are not benign bureaucracies but impactful institutions of political control. In highlighting key questions that remain unanswered, we outline a research agenda for continued advances towards theorizing how authoritarian regimes might make use of state resources to protect their rule.

Penguasaan Negara Terhadap Sumber Daya Perspektif Literatur Pesantren Salaf

The Right to Control the State (HMN) as stated in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution is the juridical basis that regulates state power over natural and artificial resources. Through this research, the author describes the views of Salaf Islamic boarding school literature on the use of state resources and HMN to explore their conformity with Islamic teachings. This research method uses library research with a deductive approach. As a result of this research, the author concluded that in the view of Salaf Islamic boarding school literature, state resources are a blessing from Allah SWT. give it to all the people. This favor must be used to realize the common good and must not be monopolized. In the view of Salaf Islamic boarding school literature, HMN is also considered a manifestation of the government's obligation to manage state resources to create benefits for all people. Based on this conclusion, the assumption that HMN violates Islamic teachings is incorrect. However, the government must always strive for the benefit of managing state resources, including delegating its power to the private sector.

STUDY OF THE EXPERIENCE OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATION WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION

The article is devoted to consideration of the problems and trends of strengthening the economic and social potential of the country through quality management of state finances, which is a priority task of the state and its institutions in the conditions of increasing the use of state resources and overcoming the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis. The financial stability and security of the country, the effectiveness of state policy, the level of the population's quality of life, the achievement of social -economic goals of the state. Therefore, in the process of ensuring the quality of management and the use of state resources, the role of state financial control institutions, the effectiveness of the tools and methods they use in the process of activity is important (without exaggeration). The experience gained in this direction proved the low effectiveness of the tools used and proved the need to improve state financial control and audit. The need for careful study and implementation into practical activity of the positive experience of building a state control system existing in developed countries, one of which is the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is justified. There are three levels of control in this country, and all the functions necessary for the state (in particular, regarding financial control) are first determined in the state administration system, and then they are distributed among the bodies, which makes it possible to clearly distinguish the powers and competences of different bodies, including controlling The procedure for introducing internal control systems in every institution and organization of the Netherlands, merging internal audit units into the Central Government Audit Service under the Ministry of Finance, and introducing mechanisms to further limit the minister's influence on implementation deserve attention for the implementation of positive experience in the practical activities of the state financial control bodies of Ukraine. control, the existence of an independent external financial control body (audit court), cooperation and exchange of information between the Central Government Audit Service, the Court of Auditors, the Institute of Internal Auditors, the Netherlands Organization of Accountants, private audit firms, the European Commission (in matters of control over EU funds), and also with universities that train personnel in the relevant field. Keywords: digitalization, educational environment, digital technologies, education system, digital competence, digital skills, digital education, digital transformation.

STUDY OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF THE BASIS OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE SYSTEM OF STATE CONTROL

The article is devoted to consideration of the problems and trends of strengthening the economic and social potential of the country through quality management of state finances, which is a priority task of the state and its institutions in the conditions of increasing the use of state resources and overcoming the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis. The financial stability and security of the country, the effectiveness of state policy, the level of the population's quality of life, the achievement of social -economic goals of the state. Therefore, in the process of ensuring the quality of management and the use of state resources, the role of state financial control institutions, the effectiveness of the tools and methods they use in the process of activity is important (without exaggeration). The experience gained in this direction proved the low effectiveness of the tools used and proved the need to improve state financial control and audit. The need for careful study and implementation into practical activity of the positive experience of building a state control system existing in developed countries, one of which is the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is justified. There are three levels of control in this country, and all the functions necessary for the state (in particular, regarding financial control) are first determined in the state administration system, and then they are distributed among the bodies, which makes it possible to clearly distinguish the powers and competences of different bodies, including controlling The procedure for introducing internal control systems in every institution and organization of the Netherlands, merging internal audit units into the Central Government Audit Service under the Ministry of Finance, and introducing mechanisms to further limit the minister's influence on implementation deserve attention for the implementation of positive experience in the practical activities of the state financial control bodies of Ukraine. control, the existence of an independent external financial control body (audit court), cooperation and exchange of information between the Central Government Audit Service, the Court of Auditors, the Institute of Internal Auditors, the Netherlands Organization of Accountants, private audit firms, the European Commission (in matters of control over EU funds), and also with universities that train personnel in the relevant field. Keywords: state resources, state financial control, state financial audit, efficiency, effectiveness, transparency.

Investigating the Cost of Election in Nigeria: The 2019 General Election in Focus

Political party funding is an important issue for all global key players in democratic accountability and transparency. One of the areas where the phenomenon is attracting interest is Nigeria. The 2019 General Election represents an important period for the study of party financing in Nigeria. This study critically examines the cost of an election in Nigeria from four perspectives: the cost of nominations, the cost of party primaries, the cost of the actual campaign, and the cost of running the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). The study collected data using a qualitative research design that employed the tools of key informant interviews and focus group discussions. The data collected were analysed and interpreted using thematic descriptive qualitative discussions. The study uncovers that the cost of an election in Nigeria is exorbitant and unbearable and the most disturbing aspect is the illegality involved in terms of the violation of maximum spending limit, the use of state resources, and setting a price of nomination above the reach of the common and average man. Thus, it is recommended among others that a strict regulatory sanction and monitoring form compliance should be applied appropriately.

Практические аспекты аудита эффективности деятельности организации в рамках оценки ее инвестиционной привлекательности

In modern conditions, with the increasing information needs of users of accounting (financial) statements, the role of the development of the audit institute is great in terms of the formation of its promising types, one of which is efficiency audit. Moreover, this is not an efficiency audit carried out by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation in terms of the efficiency of the use of state resources, but it is an audit of commercial organizations. This article will focus on the features of evaluating the effectiveness of invested capital using its weighted average cost, realized through the WACC indicator.

PRIVATIZATION AS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

According Art. 4(3) of the Constitution of Georgia “State government is implemented based on the principle of separation of powers”. This statute strengthens separation of powers between different branches of government and provides the system of checks and balances. The new concept of public management (NPM) provides flexibility of public governance, transfer of public tasks or state property to the private sector. This delegation of state tasks and the denationalization of property is called privatization and its idea is to unload the state, rational use of state resources and stabilize governance with less cost. Privatization as a new central institution of public governance, for the purposes of administrative law, is considered in a formal and material sense and material privatization is carried out in the form of organizational and functional privatization. The whole spectrum of privatization issues is presented in this articlefrom this perspective, considering the forms of its implementation

Online Gambling Business Regulation in Foreign Countries and in Georgia

Organized activities or actions that involve an indefinite circle of persons, are characterized by an increased threat to human life or health, that covers particularly important state and public interests, or are related to the use of state resources, regulated by a license or permit. By considering of state or public interests, it is actually possible to reduce this risk by issuing a license or permit. Nowadays online gambling business require proper regulation by the State, as there is a danger that a significant part of monetary transactions will take place uncontrollably. The article will discuss the regulatory acts in the field of gambling business, will highlight the approaches of both the EU and individual states to the arrangement of online gambling. The proposals developed as a result of the analysis of the Georgian gambling business policy and successful international practices are important for the creation of relevant effective mechanisms in this field and further improvement of Georgian gambling business. Keywords: Regulation, Gambling Business, Online Gambling, License.

Good Governance and the Challenges of Insecurity on Secondary School Administration in Nigeria

Good governance relates to use of state resources and power fairly and equitably to achieve and promote the well being of citizens of a nation. When power and resources are not well managed for the welfare of the citizens, it fosters problems . Insecurity has paralysed educational system in Nigeria. Secondary school administration is facing numerous challenges as a result of insecurity in Nigeria. The paper associated insecurity in Nigeria to lack of good governance in the country. The paper identified corruption, unemployment, ethno-religious conflicts and illegal armed groups as challenges of insecurity in Nigeria. The paper focused on good governance and challenges of insecurity in secondary school administration. To address the challenges of insecurity on secondary school administration it was suggested that competent school administrators be appointed to ensure safety in schools. Keywords: Good Governance; Insecurity; Secondary School Administration. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-6-04 Publication date: February 28 th 2022

Actualities of formation of the sovereign fund of well-being of Ukraine in the post-war period

The peculiarities of forming a single sovereign fund of Ukraine with a vector for stabilization and postwar development are considered, which made it possible to establish how these funds can be used in the project of international financial assistance and development of world policy coherence around fiscal ideologies of international financial organizations. The article defines the essence of sovereign wealth funds and forms the main stages of their development, outlines the main classification features inherent in sovereign wealth funds. The theoretical foundations of the functioning of sovereign wealth funds are analyzed. It is determined that one of the most effective tools used to increase public welfare through the use of state resources, which according to the Constitution belong to the whole people, are sovereign welfare funds. It is established that sovereign wealth funds are an essential source of financing for the development of the world economy and, at the same time, a tool for increasing the influence of state capital of individual countries on the global economy. They are not formed from tax revenues from goods sold on the domestic market. The main task is to increase welfare, not redistribution of budget funds. The article considers the sources of filling the sovereign wealth fund, offers new ways to ensure financial stabilization through the use of financial reserves accumulated in sovereign wealth funds. The management system of this fund should include cross-checking and transparency of project competitions. Therefore, the activities of the fund will be monitored by an expert and supervisory board. It is argued that the formation of a sovereign welfare fund in the postwar period acts as an infrastructural holistic support for the formation of a new type of civic responsibility for the common good, fostering a sense of common historical destiny.

Cost-Effectiveness of Pembrolizumab Versus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma After First-Line Treatment in China

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab compared with standard-of-care chemotherapy (paclitaxel + carboplatin [PC]) in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma after first-line treatment from a Chinese healthcare system perspective. MethodsWe conducted a partitioned-survival model with a 1-week cycle length and a 20-year base-case time horizon. Piecewise parametric models were fitted to KEYNOTE-006 trial data to estimate progression-free survival and overall survival for pembrolizumab, and a network meta-analysis was used to estimate the clinical outcomes for standard of care. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were calculated using EQ-5D data from KEYNOTE-006, applying Chinese-specific utility tariffs. Costs included drug acquisition, administration, adverse events, and disease management, reflecting the Chinese pricing system. Chinese-specific disease management costs were estimated based on clinical opinion on health state resource use and chemotherapy-related adverse events. Costs and outcomes were discounted at 5% annually. Multiple deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results. ResultsIn the base-case analysis, the treatment of pembrolizumab is estimated to yield 2.63 life-years (LYs) and 2.24 QALYs at an incremental cost of ¥372 316.46 versus PC. The incremental costs per LY and per QALY were ¥141 771.00 and ¥165 865.69, respectively, the latter being below a threshold of 3 times the per capita gross domestic product (￥193 932) in China, deemed as cost-effective according to the World Health Organization threshold. These findings were robust against a wide range of sensitivity analyses. ConclusionsPembrolizumab is projected as cost-effective compared with PC in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma after first-line treatment in China.

“Mass,” “Movement,” “Personal,” or “Cartel” Party? Fidesz’s Hybrid Organisational Strategy

In the last decade, Fidesz has dominated the Hungarian political landscape, becoming the most extensive Hungarian party organisation in terms of party members, structuration, resources, and influence. The party’s organisational development has been determined by a constant strategic adaptation to new circumstances of political reality and new demands of the electorate. The article argues that in three phases of its development, Fidesz adopted different party organisation guidelines. As a result, a hybrid party architecture was formed involving various characteristics and strategies of mass parties (e.g., relatively large membership and ideological communication), movement parties (i.e., top-down generation of mass rallies and protest activities), personal parties (i.e., personalisation, centralisation of party leadership), and cartel parties (i.e., use of state resources, control over party competition). Instead of switching from one strategy to another, the party often used these strategies simultaneously. This flexible party organisation can balance among the different needs of effective governance, constant mobilisation, and popular sovereignty. The article aims to dissect these building blocks of Fidesz to gain insight into the emergence of the hybrid party model.

Методика аудита эффективности использования государственных ресурсов в контексте «нового» СГА 104

The article discusses the methodology for auditing the effectiveness of the use of state resources in conducting state audits in the context of the new CAA 104 that has entered into force. The article includes an assessment of the relevant provisions of the standards of the Accounting Chamber of the Russian Federation.

Efficient production system as part of sustainable environmental management

Rational use of natural resources is an integral part of building a production system in conditions of modern limited natural benefits and increasing the value of the quality of the natural environment around man. An efficient production system is at the heart of ensuring rational environmental management and the implementation of the UN’s global goal of ensuring the transition to sustainable consumption and production patterns. The article is aimed at disclosing the concept and potential possibilities of using efficient production systems not only within the framework of environmental preservation, but also within the framework of ensuring the most rational use of state resources when pursuing a policy of import substitution. The authors of the article formulate a conclusion about the current state and prospects of using efficient production systems in the Russian Federation.

Analysing the application of governance principles in the management of COVID-19 in South Africa: Lessons for the future

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as SARS-CoV-2, poses an enormous challenge to South Africa and the world in as far as its management is concerned. The virus originated in Wuhan City in China at the end of the year 2019 before it spread to other countries of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) later declared it as a pandemic because of the rapid spread. However, the management of the virus differs from one country to another depending on the systems and principles adopted in that specific country. Aim: Using relevant literature, this article analyses the application of governance principles in the management of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. The article argues that the application of the governance principles was not adequately adhered to. Setting: The coronavirus disease 2019 has an effect globally, however, the focus of this article is specifically in South Africa. However, the lessons learnt are not limited to COVID-19 but to other future epidemics. Methods: The research is qualitative and is based on the vigorous review of relevant literature including relevant reports, regulations and published academic work. Governance theory was adopted to be the lenses within which the reality is viewed. Results: The article presents lessons that have been learnt from the management of COVID-19 and suggests a balance between a special need to manage pandemics and adherence to standard principles of good governance to ensure accountability in the use of state resources whilst ensuring effective management of a disaster. Conclusion: It is imperative that there is an adherence of relevant policies regulating public procurement of goods and services. This is due to the fact that procurement policies make provision for procurement in instances where open bidding process may not be followed including during the time of disaster. Necessary inputs from relevant stakeholders need to be sought for a proper collaboration and support from them and the society at large.

Balancing Scientific Advice with Political Realities during the Campaign to Pass California's Ballot Proposition 14.

Balancing Scientific Advice with Political Realities during the Campaign to Pass California's Ballot Proposition 14.

The Effectiveness of Public Investment in Basic Education in Brazil

The analysis of educational systems involves four central dimensions: economic, pedagogical, political and cultural. This paper focuses on the economic perspective, which has gained strength with the creation of the Basic Education Development Index (Ideb), and facilitates comparative analyzes of the performance of Brazilian educational systems. This research uses a linear least squares regression in which the dependent variables were the Ideb scores of Brazilian states and the independent variables were the corresponding investments in the maintenance and development of education (MDE), in the period 2005-2015. The results allow a comparative picture to be drawn of the effectiveness of the use of state resources invested by the states. It is verified that the investments in basic education in the states only partially explain the improved learning rates measured by the Ideb. Three distinct situations were observed. In 23 states there was an increase in investment in education accompanied by improvement in the Ideb. In 18 states, the increase in investments accompanied the improvement in the Ideb over a certain period, although this effect was not sustained throughout the historical series. In only 05 states, the relationship between investment and improvement in the Ideb remained positive throughout the analyzed period.