Use Of Space Technology Research Articles

Design of active vibration isolation controller for pointing stabilization mechanism based on feedforward–feedback hybrid control

The use of space technology and small space loads is increasingly common. To address this, a mechanism for isolation vibration in small optical load has been proposed. The mechanism includes a coarse and fine stage parallel pointing platform (CFPP). This paper investigates an active vibration isolation scheme for the novel pointing stabilization mechanism. The kinetic energy minimization principle is derived from the analysis of its working mechanism and dynamic feedforward characteristics. This principle is confirmed by the feedforward of the indeterminate degrees of freedom of the under-constrained mechanism. A hybrid control scheme of feedback and feedforward is developed based on the H∞ algorithm and the optimal feedforward control algorithm. Simulation and experimentation have proven that the vibration isolation efficiency of more than 20 dB can be achieved in all three axis rotation directions. This meets the precision pointing requirements of small optical load effectively.

The transformation of India's space policy: From space for development to the pursuit of security and prestige

This article explores the transformation of India's space policy from a focus on space for development to the pursuit of security and prestige. India's early space programme was largely defined by a developmental rationale, aimed at addressing socio-economic challenges through space technology and applications. However, in recent years, India's space policy has undergone a significant change, as the country tries to leverage its space capabilities for strategic objectives, including enhancing its national security, achieving greater status in the global space order, and projecting its great power aspirations. This article offers a comprehensive overview of India's space programme by highlighting the country's high-profile exploration projects, the involvement of the private sector, and the use of space technology as a foreign policy tool and a source of soft power. It also analyses changing perceptions of the country's strategic environment and evolving geopolitical dynamics that have resulted in a reorientation towards the military uses of space. It also assesses the implications of this transformation for India's space programme, its relations with other space actors, and the global governance of outer space.

THE IMPACT OF RUSSIA’S WAR AGAINST UKRAINE ON THE GLOBAL SPACE SECTOR

Russia’s war against Ukraine has had a significant impact on both global security in general and the space sector in particular. The article explores the specific uses of satellites, including civilian and dual-purpose, in relation to both combat and national security in broad terms. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of the Ukrainian-Russian war on the global space sector. The author argues that although the use of space technologies in military conflicts has historical precedents, the Russian-Ukrainian war has launched processes that have led to fundamental changes in the field of space security. The factors motivating these changes include, firstly, the growing independence of the EU space segment, which has long relied on Russia. Secondly, there is an increase in demand for satellite images, including radar images. Thirdly, the importance of low-orbit Internet for both military and civilian users in combat zones has been growing. The war has also changed the practices of space launches, which need to become even faster and cheaper to quickly replace satellites that have been attacked.
 This war revealed the weaknesses of space systems and a number of threats, including: the possibility of using satellite data for criminal purposes, the vulnerability of space infrastructure (for example, cyber attacks and signal jamming), as well as the limited range of suppliers of goods and services in the space sector, which makes supply chains unstable and vulnerable.
 Conflicts on Earth increase the risks of satellite collisions in space. Escalation can occur not only due to the deliberate action of one of the participants in space activities, but also accidentally due to the increase in the number of objects in near-Earth orbit. The author argues that Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has more than clearly demonstrated the role that space plays in modern warfare. The United States, China and other major players are now carefully studying the experience of combat operations in Ukraine and in the near future we will see the launch of new satellites and the strengthening of existing groups of spacecraft.

Two sides of the same coin? Examining the interrelation between the proposed new human right and the law governing outer space

The basis of the law governing outer space was set out more than fifty years ago, but the nature of space activities has dramatically changed over the years. The increasing involvement of non-state actors, the concerning amount of space debris in orbit, the extensive use of space technology in modern warfare and several other factors have demonstrated the shortcomings of the existing legal framework. Despite the fact that these factors pose a severe threat to the health and lives of humans, they have not yet been properly regulated. In order to contribute to a better protection of these values, more concrete rules will need to be adopted. One way to achieve a greater protection of the health and lives of humans is the proposed new human right, based upon hearings before the Airspace Tribunal, aimed at protecting the freedom to live without physical or psychological threat from above. In this paper, I seek to examine the interrelation between the proposed human right and the law governing outer space. I examine, on one hand, whether the existing legal framework offers a basis for the establishment of the new human right, and on the other hand, whether the proposed human right carries potential relevance for further developments and improvements of space law.

A Typical Review of Current and Prospective Microwave and Optical Remote Sensing Datasets for Soil Moisture Retrieval

Soil Moisture content is a vital indicator of both the weather and the water cycle. It has been a long-standing difficulty for the field of remote sensing to make sense of soil moisture's spatial and temporal distribution. For over five decades, researchers across the world have exclusively investigated the optical and microwave datasets for estimating soil moisture by developing various models, and algorithms. Nevertheless, challenges are faced in the consistent retrieval of SM at local, and global scales with higher accuracy in space and time resolution. The review was conducted in-depth, looking at the methods using optical and microwave data to determine soil moisture, and outlining the benefits and drawbacks considering the current needs. With this research, a new age of widespread use of space technology for remote sensing of soil moisture has been ushered in. The study also acknowledges the scientific challenges of utilizing remote sensing datasets for soil moisture measurement.

From Outer Space to Earth – Resilience Management in Turkey'S Natural Disaster of 2023

Abstract In recent years, natural disasters have become more frequent and severe, causing significant damage to infrastructure, economy, and society. To enhance societal resilience to these events, the usage of space technology has become increasingly important. This article aims to explore the role of space technology in enhancing societal resilience to natural disasters, using the case of the 2023 natural disaster in Turkey. First, the article discusses the use of space technology in disaster monitoring, early warning systems, search and rescue operations, and damage assessment. Secondly, the article looks at the case of the recent earthquake in Turkey and attempts to reveal how Turksat satellite system has been used. The article concludes that space technology can play a crucial role in enhancing societal resilience to natural disasters.

Space Technologies for the Sustainable Development of the Transport Infrastructure of the Arctic Territories

The experience of using space technologies for the sustainable development of the transport infrastructure of the Arctic territories, based on the use of the Arctic hydrometeorological satellite constellation, is considered in the article. The results and features of the implementation of the Arctic hydrometeorological satellite constellation based on the Arktika-M spacecraft are presented. The conclusion was made that the use of space technologies provides a number of advantages in the organization of transport infrastructure in the Arctic region, which is characterized by extreme climate conditions.

Space Race Between China and India to Win Hegemony

Space race refers to the race to master space technology. This activity began in the Cold War Era when the United States of America and the Soviet Union raced to explore outer space in the 1950s. The race continued and at the end of the 1960s other countries followed to conduct space activities by launching rocket and satellite. China and India are two countries which have advance technological development and those countries also compete in mastering space technology. Besides having rapid capability to master space technology, China and India also show the same interest to win global authority. This research is important because studying the use of space technology to win hegemony is a new topic. This research attempts to answer a research problem related to the efforts conducted by China and India to win hegemony through space race. This research aims to give new insight on the use of space technology to win hegemony. It was qualitative research which used descriptive method and library research technique to collect secondary data about China and India’s space activities and also the space race between them from books, scientific journals, and other relevant sources. The analysis results show that China and India use their space capabilities to win hegemony.

Проблеми системного аналізу космічної діяльності в Україні. Динаміка і керування рухом ракет та космічних апаратів

This paper overviews the main research results obtained from 2016 to 2020 at the Department of System Analysis and Control Problems of the Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine. The overview was prepared using the method of phenomenological analysis. The results of the system analysis of the trends in the use of space technologies in different areas of human activities are presented. Methods of draft space program evaluation and R&D program formation algorithms are discussed. Research results on the dynamics of spacecraft and components thereof are presented. The dynamics of tethered space systems and microsatellites is considered. Consideration is given to the world’s trends in the development of space transportation systems, the features of their development in Ukraine, and the state of the art of the methodological basis of rocket/space hardware design in Ukraine. Recommendations on working out normative documents and lines of their refinement are given. System analysis methods were considered and found their further development as applied to the space sector. A method of structural-parametric identification was developed for the problem of object simulation with a multidimensional output in the class of beta-autoregressive models, in which autoregrassion weight coefficient ratios are determined based on beta-distribution density functions. On principles of the group data handling method, a regularity criterion was constructed and studied for simulation in the class of beta-autoregressive models in conditions of quasi-repeated observations. Investigations were conducted into the analysis, synthesis, and operation optimization of systems of multilevel, intellectual, and network management under uncertainty. Methodological approaches to the development of symbiotic self-contained aerospace and transport systems were elaborated. A new technology was developed for the construction of surrogate models with the use of approaches on the basis of the synergy of subject field methods and cognitive technologies based on general scientific achievements. Part of the research results has found prectuical use at Yuzhnoye State Design Office.

Application of Aerospace Technologies in Environmental Safety Management of Planned Activities with the Help of Integrated Automations

The article considers the problems of application of aerospace technologies in the management of environmental safety of the planned activity with the help of integrated automated systems. The purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to determine the features of the application of aerospace technologies in the management of environmental safety of planned activities using integrated automated systems and the formation of a methodology for assessing environmental risk in the ecosystem. The scientific novelty is that the proposed methodology for assessing environmental risk in the ecosystem and provided scientific and practical recommendations for the use of space technologies for Earth observation to study the state of the environment in the management of environmental safety of planned activities Conclusions. The methodology of ecological risk assessment in the ecosystem is considered. The risk analysis scheme includes a wide range of interrelated problems and different stages: identification of risk factors, risk assessment, risk management. Recommendations for ecosystem risk assessment are provided. Features of risk management in the ecosystem are considered. The risk management strategy defined in the environmental decision-making support system may be based on the choice of the level of risk in the range from the minimum (which is considered to be quite small) to the maximum allowable. The article considers several strategies for environmental safety management: prevention of the causes of catastrophes up to the abandonment of products of hazardous industries, closure of emergency facilities; prevention of emergencies in cases where it is impossible to avert the causes of disasters (construction of protective structures, dams, the creation of an underground economy, early evacuation of the population, etc.); disaster mitigation, implementation of stabilization and compensation measures. The most suitable, from the point of view of the main goal of environmental safety management, is risk minimization, ie the implementation of the first and second strategies. However, in practice this is not always possible. A combination of all three types of strategies is most likely. Therefore, the selection of space survey materials is an important step in the classification for environmental monitoring. Procedures of thematic decoding and creation of digital maps of the area with the use of comic images are considered. When creating a digital map of ecological monitoring of regions, it is advisable to use the procedure of creating a vector layer of terrain in the ArcCatalog environment, and build a mosaic image using the software Erdas Imagine. Key words: aerospace technologies, ecological safety, ecological information, ecological problem, ecological threats, environment, process of making information ecological decisions, system of support of ecological information decisions, system of management of ecological safety, system approach, managerial decisions.

ПРАВОВАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ ЗЕМЛИ: АНТРОПОЦЕНТРИЧНЫЕ И ЭКОЦЕНТРИЧНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЮ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ПРИРОДЫ В СФЕРЕ КЛИМАТА И ОХРАНЫ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ

The review presents the conceptual and analytical positions of scientists on some international legal problems in the field of climate change and environment protection. Some features of contrasting approaches to human-Earth relations and legal frameworks for sustainable developments are outlined. The review approaches related losses and damages as an international obligation, use of space technology and regulation to help overcome adverse effect of climate change and natural disasters.

Sun exposure as a strategy for acquiring vitamin D in developing countries of tropical region: Challenges & way forward.

Adopting sun exposure as a low-cost sustainable strategy in tropical countries needs critical analysis for its feasibility and inclusion in national policy. This review explores the opportunities and challenges associated with sun exposure in tropical countries and discusses potential strategies that may be adopted for promoting sun exposure. For this, two strands of evidence were reviewed; trials on sun exposure, analysed for risk of bias and, the environmental factors that influence acquisition of vitamin D from sun exposure in the context of on-going ecological and nutritional transition. Compilation of data from available databases in terms of deficiency, per cent rural population, status of fortification, air pollution, ultraviolet index, skin reflectance and skin cancer prevalence were done. In the context of environmental and lifestyle-related challenges, opportunities go hand-in-hand in terms of built environment, variability in air pollution and personal factors such as skin pigmentation, precursor availability and general nutritional status. Contextual policy decisions should consider urban and rural development planning, control of air pollution, targeted guidelines for indigenous and immigrant population and use of space technology in educating general population for balanced sun exposure as essential components for a sustainable strategy. Important opportunities exist for tropical countries to develop sun exposure as a strategy for acquiring vitamin D and these need to be explored.

Legal support of human life outside the Earth in the conditions of rapid space exploration

The article examines the gaps in the legislation in the field of space relations, analyzes the current international agreements and examines the problems of their practical application. The necessity of legislative regulation of future space colonization, mining, protection of subjects of space relations, and possible consequences of ignoring these issues have been studied. States and multinational companies have their own desire for outer space. Elon Mask hopes to use his "SpaceX" (a private enterprise working in the field of space transport construction) to launch a human colony on the planet Mars. Amazon owner Jeff Bezos, the world's largest circulating company that sells goods and services, also notes the colonization of space. In this regard, it is important to find new possible directions and improve existing ways to address current space and legal issues to ensure the progressive development of international and national space law. The main objectives of space law are to ensure a rational, responsible approach to the study and use of outer space for the benefit and in the interests of all mankind. To this end, space law addresses a wide variety of issues, such as military activities in outer space, conservation of space and the Earth's environment, liability for damage caused by space objects, settlement of disputes, protection of national interests, rescue of astronauts, exchange of information on potential dangers. in outer space, the use of space technology and international cooperation. The main treaties governing space today seem weak. This is due to the non-compliance and relevance of international agreements on space activities to modern scientific development and significant space achievements. Using the gaps in the field of international space law, many leading countries of the world are independently developing areas of legal support for space relations. For example, the staff of the Dubai International Financial Center of the UAE proposes in 2021 to reform the national judicial system and create a "judicial support network" that can handle complex commercial agreements related to space. Such an approach would destroy the established system of international law. In order to maintain peace and security and achieve a high degree of cooperation for the benefit of mankind as a whole, it is necessary to immediately begin work on the UN platforms to prepare and adopt comprehensive international legal acts to regulate human activities in space, taking into account experience in this field.

Integration aerospace technology in the control system of ecological safety, development of technology use of space technology for management ecological safety of planned activities support decision making in emergency situations of natural character

Integration aerospace technology in the control system of ecological safety, development of technology use of space technology for management ecological safety of planned activities support decision making in emergency situations of natural character

Методы прогнозирования урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур

The main areas of the development and use of digital technologies and systems for forecasting the yield of agricultural crops based on satellite data are described. Proposals are given for the development of research in the field of the use of space technologies and their widespread use in agriculture.

Breeding and biotechnological interventions for trait improvement: status and prospects.

Main conclusionPresent review describes the molecular tools and strategies deployed in the trait discovery and improvement of major crops. The prospects and challenges associated with these approaches are discussed.Crop improvement relies on modulating the genes and genomic regions underlying key traits, either directly or indirectly. Direct approaches include overexpression, RNA interference, genome editing, etc., while breeding majorly constitutes the indirect approach. With the advent of latest tools and technologies, these strategies could hasten the improvement of crop species. Next-generation sequencing, high-throughput genotyping, precision editing, use of space technology for accelerated growth, etc. had provided a new dimension to crop improvement programmes that work towards delivering better varieties to cope up with the challenges. Also, studies have widened from understanding the response of plants to single stress to combined stress, which provides insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating tolerance to more than one stress at a given point of time. Altogether, next-generation genetics and genomics had made tremendous progress in delivering improved varieties; however, the scope still exists to expand its horizon to other species that remain underutilized. In this context, the present review systematically analyses the different genomics approaches that are deployed for trait discovery and improvement in major species that could serve as a roadmap for executing similar strategies in other crop species. The application, pros, and cons, and scope for improvement of each approach have been discussed with examples, and altogether, the review provides comprehensive coverage on the advances in genomics to meet the ever-growing demands for agricultural produce.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00425-020-03465-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION THROUGH TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN SPACE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES AMONG BIMSTEC COUNTRIES – A GOVERNMENT OF INDIA INITIATIVE

Abstract. India is one of the top space-faring nations in the world, which not only to build satellites and launches them using indigenously developed launch vehicles but also spearheads the use of space technology for many applications at the national and international level. Training, education and capacity building (TECB) are important components in promoting the use of space technology, thereby benefitting the society. North Eastern Space Applications Centre (NESAC) is one of many institutions under the umbrella of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Department of Space (DOS) which is responsible for promoting TECB at National level. ISRO / DOS also supports TECB at an International level through many initiatives such as IIRS – ITC JEP, UN-CSSTEAP, CEOS, UNSPIDER, UN-FAO, WMO, Commonwealth, and BIMSTEC etc. NESAC established in 2000, initiated capacity building and spearheaded Outreach programs from 2019 in the North East Region of India. Prime Minister of India announced in the plenary meeting of BIMSTEC(Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) Summit at Kathmandu, Nepal in August 2018, recognizing NESAC to conduct space technology training programs of two weeks and 3 months for BIMSTEC Countries every year for the next five years with full financial support from Government of India. The first two week training program on “capacity building on the earth observation applications and research” was successfully conducted for 24 participants, four participants each representing Bangladesh, Bhutan, Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. The participants are from User Departments, Science and Technology Ministries, Space Organizations and Academia and Research Institutions. The training benefitted the participants from state of the art training facilities and experienced faculties from NESAC/ISRO/Academia from across India. The summary of feedback from the participants (excellent – 57%, good – 40%, average – 2.6% and poor – 0.4%) indicates that the course is very much useful as it has enhanced their knowledge in earth observation, geospatial analysis capabilities that will be put into use on their return. The training and capacity building has opened new vistas of cooperation and possible collaboration between BIMSTEC countries ranging from availing satellite data, expansion and access to data sharing portals, creating knowledge network to promote young researchers and expert sharing within the region, further to expand the capacity building by initiating distance learning programs, taking up joint research and application projects, etc. The rich experience of conducting a unique program, one of its kind and detailed feedback and possible expansion of BIMSTEC programs in the future is presented in the paper.

Space Data in the Fight against Pandemics: Privacy Concerns and Sharing of Benefits from the Use of Space Technology for Decision-Making

The fast and continuous collection and distribution of information are essential for decisionmaking in the first-response phase, as well as in the constant monitoring during and after the peaks of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Particularly in times of emergency that require immediate reaction on behalf of local and global authorities, it is important that their reaction is based on reliable information. The unique features of satellite technology, which enable the steady flow of accurate near real-time data, have granted it a vital role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This article will address the uses of space data for public health and their legal implications, particularly in terms of privacy and access to data. remote sensing, geolocation, tracing applications, privacy, data access

Challenges and Opportunities in Strengthening ASEAN Space Technology Cooperation

ASEAN is regional cooperation between countries in the Southeast Asia region to benefit its member states. Amidst much ongoing teamwork, regional space cooperation has not been optimized as it is still limited to the use of technology. By applying a qualitative method, this paper aims to describe the challenges and opportunities in strengthening the ASEAN Space Technology Cooperation. It may either hinder or even potentially frame a sustainable international relation that accommodates ASEAN member states to develop more possibilities to maximize the use of space technology. This literary study argues that ASEAN Space Technology Cooperation may become a robust bridge to transfer space technology, strengthen national, regional, and international security, enhance economic growth, and means of transferring knowledge or space education to its member states.

Школа аэрокосмических инженеров

The authors discuss the project of creating a school of aerospace engineers, as well as the need to take additional measures to expand the opportunities of space education for children. These are promotion of schoolchildren’ s career guidance in the aerospace sphere, popularization of cosmonautics and involvement of young people in engineering and space activities, as well as developing the motivation of the younger generation to choose technical professions related to Cosmonautics, space research and the use of space technologies. Space activities are necessary as a significant incentive for the developing technologies and basic science. The authors propose to promote the intellectual development of students through competitions, research, scientific and project activities. The implementation of the project is a systematic, consistent work of the project team and is to contribute to solving the problem of the students’ career guidance in aerospace education to perform the tasks. Today, the relevance of technical education is very high and there is a need to improve the level of the students’ knowledge in the field of exact Sciences, to emphasize the importance of technical education.