Use Of Renewable Technologies Research Articles

Electrification through Renewable Energy in Nigeria an Exploration of Viable Technology Options Beyond Solar PV

Nigeria has an electrification rate of 54%, with many of those who are connected to the grid experience severe power outages. The Energy Commission of Nigeria intends to address this challenge with the use of renewable technologies. This paper explores the viability of solar PV, biofuel, wind, and small-scale hydro as renewable energy options for electrifying Nigeria. I find that solar PV, biofuel and small-scale hydro show exciting potential in Nigeria, while wind energy has much less potential due to low wind speeds in the country. Ultimately, renewable technologies need to be considered based on the community in question, instead of attempts at a one-size-fits-all approach to electrifying every community in the country. However, hybrid systems combining various renewable technologies might just be the ideal solution to electrifying rural communities and getting the electrification rate in Nigeria to a hundred percent.

Developing a New Capital City (IKN) In Indonesia: A Thematic Analysis

The urgency of this research was identified from the ambitious new capital city (IKN) development project. This research aims to respond to this issue by studying the development plan. The method chosen is qualitative with a thematic analysis approach. The research data source comes from the official government website by searching official documents. The analysis tool that is maximized in data coding is Nvivo 12 Plus. This study mapped three critical themes in the IKN development plan, including the principles of development of the new capital city (IKN), the position and specificities of the new capital city (IKN), and the government's strategic efforts. In general, the IKN development theme focuses on an Indonesia-centric development orientation, development, and adaptation to the use of renewable technology and the clean technology industry for more environmentally friendly mobility and utilities, as well as accelerating the transformation of the Indonesian economy. This idea requires a government response by developing supporting infrastructure, including budget, governance, bureaucracy, and resources, and maintaining the social situation in development areas. This study is of academic interest because it provides insight into the principles and strategies underlying the development of Indonesia's new capital city (IKN), contributing to scientific discourse on sustainable development and government initiatives.

Evaluation of the Implementation of the Green Banking Concept at Bank XYZ

Indonesia is committed to Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2016 concerning the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. To support this commitment, the role of banking, including Bank XYZ, is crucial in financing clean energy projects and other business sectors. Although Bank XYZ has shown growth in green financing since 2016, there are notes regarding financing in the coal sector between October 2018 and October 2020, as well as a decline in the ranking in the 2022 Bank Ranking Report. Therefore, an evaluation of the concept of green banking at Bank XYZ is needed to maintain its growth and ensure the effectiveness of its implementation from 2017 to 2022. This research employs a qualitative approach to analyze the implementation of green banking at Bank XYZ. The evaluation is conducted through interviews with the Risk Management Division and an analysis of sustainability reports using the Green Banking Disclosure Index (GBDI). Bank XYZ has proven to implement the concept of green banking transparently, but there are shortcomings such as a lack of transparency in sustainability budgeting, attention to debtors, internal controls, sustainability campaigns, and the use of renewable technology. This research is expected to enhance the quality of green banking implementation at Bank XYZ, support environmental preservation, and address existing weaknesses.

МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЕМ ТЕРРИТОРИИ АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The relevance of this study is due to the fact that modern society is entering a new round of innovative development with a characteristic increase in eco-activism and public demand for products of environmentally friendly industries, as well as the growing interest of business structures in saving scarce resources that are becoming more expensive through the massive introduction of waste-free technologies and lengthening cycles of consumption. The benefits of the transition to circular economy for regional systems lie in the creation of new jobs as they move from simply giving up some of the benefits created from non-renewable resources to designing long and multiple cycles of consumption. The natural wealth of the Arctic zone is a huge potential for the development of the Russian economy. Considering the large resource reserve of this region, the issues of increasing the efficiency of managing the socio-ecological and economic development of this territory based on circular economy technologies are timely and necessary. The goal is to develop methodological foundations for managing the socio-ecological and economic development of the Arctic zone based on the circular economy model. The object of research is the concept of circular economy. The subject of the study is the organizational and managerial relations that arise in the process of managing regional systems based on circular economy technologies. Research methodology: comparative and systematic approaches, as well as general theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison. As a result, the author reveals the essence of the circular economy, which consists in the adoption of cleaner production models, increased responsibility and awareness of producers and consumers, the use of renewable technologies and materials, as well as the adoption of suitable, stable policies and tools. The principles and tools for managing regional systems based on circular economy technologies are proposed. The necessity of transformation of the model of management of the socio-ecological and economic development of the Arctic zone through the use of elements of the circular economy is substantiated.

Dynamic modelling and thermoeconomic analysis for the energy refurbishment of the Italian building sector: Case study for the “Superbonus 110 %” funding strategy

• Development of a dynamic model simulating the thermal load for space heating of a building located in different weather zones. • Analysis of the thermostatic valve control applied to the emitters of the heating system. • Analysis of the refurbishment solutions applied in several combinations to the buildings considered. • The dynamic analysis of the CO2 heat pump reveals interesting perspective for the energy transition scenarios. • The thermoeconomic analysis shows a great economic profitability when the “Superbonus 110%” incentive is considered. The refurbishment of the building sector is a relevant issue in several Countries, such as Italy, where the poor energy performance of residential buildings dramatically affects the overall primary energy consumption and the related emissions of CO 2 . Such buildings are featured by a significantly poor efficiency of the conventional centralized boilers and by a scarce thermal insulation of the envelope. Therefore, the use of renewable technologies, as the solar ones, may significantly reduce the environmental impact of such residential buildings. Moreover, the use of modern and highly efficient boilers is crucial to reduce the primary energy consumption. The combination of these solutions along with the improvement of thermal insulation of the building envelope seems very promising to enhance the energy performance of existing residential buildings. In particular, this work proposes the integration of a CO 2 heat pump to replace a conventional gas-fired boiler. This solution aims to be suitable for the Italian economic funding policy, known as “ Superbonus 110%”, where some specific energy refurbishment actions are fully funded by the Government. In the layout presented in this paper, the existing radiators are supplied by a new CO 2 heat pump, since its high outlet temperature is very close to the boiler one. Furthermore, the thermal insulation of the building envelope and the use of photovoltaic panels are also considered in combination with the CO 2 heat pump. In this work, the dynamic, monthly, and annual results of the carried out dynamic simulations are then presented and discussed. The optimal solution of the proposed layout is detected by means of a detailed sensitivity analysis which considers different weather zones. The energy and environmental analyses show that the CO 2 heat pump coupled with all the other solutions leads to a reduction of the primary energy consumption by 52% and a total CO 2 emission savings of 49%. The Italian incentive is considered in the economic analysis and results show a Net Present Value of the investment of roughly 27 k€, considering a lifespan of 25 years.

Understanding public awareness and attitudes toward renewable energy resources in Saudi Arabia

Renewable energy has rapidly gained attention as a potential alternative source of energy. Environmental challenges linked to sustainable energy development can be addressed by replacing conventional energy sources by natural resources to produce power. This study aimed to determine and investigate environmental public awareness and attitudes of renewable energy. A total of 310 respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method. Data were collected through the online survey Question Pro using a standard questionnaire format. The data were analyzed by applying advanced statistical techniques in SPSS software. The findings revealed that the majority of Saudi Arabians were moderately knowledgeable about renewable energy. The findings showed that 79.2% of the respondents indicated that people were concerned about the harmful effects of pollution, indicating that alternative energy could be beneficial. However, 97.2% of the respondents stated that the adoption of renewable energy technology was ineffective because of the high prices involved. To meet the government's targets set in Saudi Vision 2030, outstanding and smart measures are needed to encourage Saudi Arabian citizens in all classes of society by raising their awareness of renewable energy. The measures should also support initiating the use of renewable technologies in everyday life and keeping the environment clean. The findings of this study are intended to help legislators and state organizations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and other developing countries raise public awareness about renewable energy. This awareness will assist KSA in achieving the renewable energy and ecological improvement targets set in Saudi Vision 2030.

Progress, opportunities and challenges of achieving net-zero emissions and 100% renewables

• Renewable energy is now the major source of new electricity supply globally. • Greenhouse gas emissions must be cut rapidly to avoid worsening climate impacts. • Future solar PV market potential for addressing climate change is substantial. • Technically, a net-zero emissions or 100% renewable energy system is feasible. • Successful technologies, policies, and financing drive the energy transformation. This paper reviews the status and prospects of global renewable energy deployments and their contribution to the total energy supply. Substantial renewable energy capacity expansion has occurred over the past decade due to decreasing costs and favorable policies. Globally, the power sector saw 256 GW of renewable power capacity added in 2020. The contribution of renewable energy to the other major end use sectors - transport and heating - is more modest. Major policy drivers for renewable energy deployments are coming from climate mitigation initiatives, including the 2015 Paris Climate agreement to limit global warming to no more than 1.5°C. To achieve this goal, GHG emissions need to be cut in half within the next decade, and to reach “net-zero”, by 2050. However, recent analyses show that current pledges by national governments are far less ambitious than need to be taken to remain within the 1.5°C limit. Several studies demonstrate how the 1.5°C limit can be achieved through large scale, and perhaps even 100%, renewable energy deployments. These studies conclude that a transformation to a fully decarbonized energy system, making extensive use of renewable technologies, is not only technically feasible based on current and emerging technologies but also results in a lower-cost energy system overall, creating significant market opportunities for renewables. For example, the solar PV market growth under these scenarios would be 10–15% annually over the next three decades–well within the growth levels the industry has experienced thus far.

Performance Evaluation of Bio-Based Fractions Derived from Bacillus spp. for Potential In Situ Soil Stabilisation

Current and future research focuses on the use of renewable technologies and materials to stabilise weak soils, of varying degrees, for road construction applications. Soil stabilisation is a method of strengthening a natural soil to meet this purpose. Our interest is in the use of bio-based components, derived from microbial growth processes, that contribute to the needed desirable strength characteristics for in situ soil stabilisation. This investigation focuses on novel Bacillus-based stabilisers obtained from the vegetative and spore growth stage. In this study, eighteen bio-based components were derived from a Bacillus licheniformis fermentation and extracted into various aqueous and non-aqueous fractions for strength property assessment. The strength properties of the treated soils (i.e., dolerite and weathered granite soil) were assessed via previously developed lab-scale equipment to rapidly pre-select the best performing fractions, (i.e., compression stress, erosion, abrasion, and water absorption tests). The effect of one superior performing prototype (a) was validated at large-scale, using standard erosion and abrasion tests (i.e., whole broth at 1.8% stabiliser concentrations), and showed resistance to abrasion (3.37 ± 0.03%) (p value ≤ 0.0001) and resistance to erosion (33.20 ± 0.15%) (p value ≤ 0.001). The elemental composition and microstructure of the bio-stabilised soil was determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. This evaluation formed part of the selection of the best performing Bacillus derived fractions and achieved a proof of concept for the next phase of product prototype development. This study demonstrated a novel bio-mediated approach to the overall criteria for evaluation and selection of candidate product prototype/s, for stabilisation of two varying soils, and for potential application in road construction works.

Sustainable Food and Agriculture: Employment of Renewable Energy Technologies.

Purposeof ReviewAccording to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a large portion of the various activities in the agriculture and food supply chain (AFSC) are extremely dependent on fossil fuels and contribute to 24% of the total global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.Recent FindingsThere are several strategies to reduce GHG emissions and mitigate the associated destructive impacts. Among them, substituting fossil fuels with alternative low-carbon energy sources has received remarkable attention.SummaryThe core concept of this study is to explore the relationship between food security, sustainable development, and renewable energy. Renewable energy has shown promising potential for integration into a wide range of agricultural activities and offers an alternative sustainable solution to current practices. In modern agriculture, the need for electrification has increased, with electric tractors and agricultural robots accounting for a large share, which represents a great opportunity for the use of renewable technologies in this sector. As new technologies emerge, investors need to familiarize themselves with them. Further technical improvements, cost reductions, and government incentives can facilitate the real-world deployment of sustainable renewable technologies in agriculture and food production.

Net Zero Energy Buildings: Variations, Clarifications, and Requirements in Response to the Paris Agreement

Buildings contribute to greenhouse gas emissions that cause environmental impacts on climate change. Net Zero Energy (NZ) buildings would reduce greenhouse gases. The current definition of NZ lacks consensus and has created uncertainties, which cause delays in the adoption of NZ. This paper proposes a Process for Clarification to Accelerate the Net Zero (PC-A-NZ) through three integrated steps: variations, strategies, and requirements. We expand on the results in published NZ literature to clarify the differences in definition and strategy. The objective of this review is to (1) distinguish current variable parameters that are slowing the acceptance of NZ, and (2) focus the discussion internationally on moving faster toward applying NZ to a larger common agreement. The publications of global NZ target assessment and energy efficient strategies will be reviewed to address the main requirements in expediting NZ’s successful progress. Our NZ review analysis highlights (1) how the existing NZ definitions and criteria differ, (2) how calculation strategies vary, and (3) how standards and requirements are often localized. The proposed PC-A-NZ will help policymakers and stakeholders to re-evaluate the existing definitions, standards, and requirements to optimize the use of renewable technologies, improved energy efficiency and electrification to speed up achieving the NZ targets. Definition: There are multiple NZ definitions that vary in source and supply requirement, timescale, emission source, and grid connection.

A Quantitative Investigation on Awareness of Renewable Energy Building Technology in the United Arab Emirates

Sustainability in architecture engages a wide range of considerations in the light of the significant negative impact of buildings on the environment. One aspect of research in this parlance engages the technological and the social dimensions of building innovation, which promote the use of renewable technology as a mitigation strategy. The challenge, however, is that the end-users or building clients do not always have sufficient awareness and information regarding these technologies to guide their decision to accept it. Consequently, the diffusion of said innovations is slow, and the environmental or building problems they were invented to solve persist at the expense of both humanity and the environment. This study, therefore, focuses on a quantitative investigation to ascertain the level of awareness and interest of residents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) as an example of renewable energy-based building technology. In this study, 289 residents participated, following the distribution of a questionnaire to demographically distinct individuals. This distinction was used in the analysis to highlight different groups such as, gender, generations, and occupational background of the respondents. The findings of the study show, firstly, that there is a high level of awareness of BIPV in the sample. The study also shows that comparing awareness with each of these demographic variables produced a second layer of findings. For example, the statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the level of awareness and any of the demographic characteristics of the study participants. However, there is a significant statistical difference (p = 0.000) between awareness and interest in BIPV. In concluding this study, recommendations for further research that elaborates other statistical variables and tests, as well as a follow-up qualitative investigation are planned and outlined for future studies. The findings of this investigation may be of benefit to researchers, policy makers, as well as energy companies and marketing agencies within and outside the region.

Analysis of Factors For Increasing Income Tax in Motor Vehicles in UPT PPD (Technical Implementing Unit of Regional Revenue Management) in Siantar

In principle, motor vehicle tax plays a role in providing PAD for the North Sumatra Provincial Government. In this connection, the tax target must be increased every year and contribute to development in North Sumatra. To optimize the potential for motor vehicle tax revenue, it is necessary to know the factorsin increasing motor vehicle tax revenue at the UPT PPD (Technical Implementation Unit for Regional Revenue Management). ThereforeThe formulation of the problem in this study is as follows: "What factors influence itincrease in motor vehicle tax revenue at UPT PPD (Technical Implementation Unit for Regional Revenue Management) Pematang Siantar based onThe policy implementation approach is based on the formulation of the Van Meter and Van Horn models called A Model of the Policy Implementation. In this study the authors used a descriptive method with a research focus, namely the Analysis of Factors - Factors for Increasing Motor Vehicle Tax Revenues at UPT PPD (Technical Implementation Unit for Regional Income Management) Pematang Siantar ". The research site is an area whose location is used to obtain the data required for this research activity. The research results show thatMotor Vehicle Tax revenue factors, such as culture, communication, information, good cooperation with personnel and the use of renewable technology and so on, greatly affect the increase in Motor Vehicle Tax revenue at UPT Samsat Pematang Siantar.

Renewable Energy Consumption Shocks on CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth of Nigeria

The paper examines the nexus among economic growth, renewable energy consumption and CO2 pollution in Nigeria. The study tested for co-integration using the Johansen technique, which is evident and applied the vector error correction model (VECM) on the annual data for the period 1990-2015. The results indicate a bi-directional causality between renewable energy consumption (REC) and economic growth (GDP). REC positively granger causes GDP in both short-run and long-run, while GDP has an adverse effect on REC in the short run. Historical decomposition of shocks reveals the relative implications of renewable energy shocks on GDP to be mostly negative between period 1990 and 2007. This is as a result of inefficient renewable technologies during the period. However, there is persistent and positive influence of REC on economic growth in the period between 2009 and 2015. Increase use of renewable technologies due to its relative affordability and better efficiency contributes to the progressive influence on economic growth. The variance decomposition analysis predicts an increase in the use of renewable energy technologies in the five year forecast period, with CO2 emissions will increasing as a consequence of dependence fossil fuel energy resources. The paper suggests environmental and tax policy instruments, as well as, effective governance to enhance environmental quality and encourage sustainable/green economic growth. The key instruments include: grants, feed-in-tariffs (FIT), production tax credits, renewable portfolio standards (RPS), and loans to enable industrial sector invest in renewable energy.

Localización óptima de plantas virtuales de generación en sistemas eléctricos de potencia basados en flujos óptimos de potencia

El presente trabajo determina la ubicación óptima de plantas virtuales de generación analizando el comportamiento en estado estacionario del sistema, la planta virtual de generación combina una amplia variedad de recursos energéticos distribuidos y los opera como un sistema unificado. Se identificará la localización óptima de plantas virtuales de generación para mejorar el perfil de tensión nodal del sistema de potencia basado en flujos óptimos de potencia de corriente directa con restricciones económicas. El análisis de sistema eléctrico se realiza mediante flujos óptimos de potencia de corriente continua basado en programación lineal entera mixta respetando restricciones económicas, ambientales, cargabilidad de las líneas de transmisión, el manejo de las demandas, nivel de sobrecarga, desviación angular y perfil de tensión. Se realiza una revisión literaria plantas virtuales de generación la cual tiene una serie de ventajas competitivas como el uso de tecnologías renovables y de alta eficiencia energética. También dispone de información para el desarrollo del flujo óptimo de corriente continua.

An analysis of overlapping terms to define articles key words

Several ways of structuring sources of innovation have been provided in order to achieve competitiveness and reduce the impacts during a crisis time. The use of renewable technologies that also reduce global carbon dioxide emissions and dependence on fossil fuels has been encouraged. The objective of this study was to identify the main groupings of terms through the VOSviewer tool, related to technology transfer in fuel cells found from searching in the Scopus database repository. The structuring of relationship networks of the terms of greater co-occurrence of technology transfer in fuel cells enabled a verification based on clear definitions, providing a synthesis of the most researched devices, or potentially found in the Scopus database. The search provided a number of 170 articles in an unbiased way presenting an overview of the main understanding of selected articles from 2015 up to the present, indicating central operators to be considered, as well as innovation perception to support future economic growth, focusing on most significant terms on the searched parameters.

Adaptation of the SBTool for Sustainability Assessment of High School Buildings in Portugal—SAHSBPT

The European Union objectives in the Horizon 2020 program aim to reduce environmental impact through strategies such as the improvement of energy efficiency and the use of renewable technologies. With regard to the goal of sustainable development—which integrates environmental, social, and economic dimensions relating to the preservation of the planet and the integrity of consumers—several types of sustainability certification tools are currently used in the construction industry e.g., Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), and the Sustainable Building Tool (SBTool) There are international sustainability methodologies designed specifically for high schools and methodologies specific to the Portuguese reality, such as Natura Domus, LiderA (Liderar pelo Ambiente para a construção sustentável, Leading the Environment for Sustainable Construction) and SBtoolPT (Sustainable Building Tool, Portugal). Currently, with the concern in Portugal to requalify schools, it has become necessary to develop a specific methodology for school buildings according to the Portuguese reality. This work highlights the SBTool methodology that is employed in several countries and can be adapted to basic education institutions as the basis for the formulation of responsible citizens and the development of a country. The main aim of this study is to adapt an already existing assessment tool of sustainability (SBToolPT), maintaining some indicators while modifying and adding others, in order to develop a methodology specifically for conducting a Sustainability Assessment of High School Buildings in Portugal—SAHSBPT. In order to achieve this goal, other methodologies that already incorporate parameters relating to the school environment are analyzed, such as LEED BD + C Schools (LEED Building Design and Construction School), BREEAM Education 2008, and the SBTool for K–12 schools.

Consumer preferences and electricity pricing reform in Western Australia

Australia's electricity prices are high, driven by rising peak demand that is forcing significant levels of infrastructure investment. Compounding these factors is the lack of transparent price signals for consumers, with uniform pricing structures providing no incentive to change consumption behaviours.This research surveyed residential electricity consumers in Western Australia about their perceptions of solar, consumption behaviour, and electricity pricing structures.The results suggest that customers in Western Australia may be willing to change behaviour, reduce electricity usage, and be rewarded for use of renewable technologies, highlighting an opportunity for policies such as retail tariff reform to be further explored.

Renewable technologies in Karnataka, India: jobs potential and co-benefits

The tangible benefits of renewable energy technologies are a crucial parameter when determining the political feasibility of adopting a low-carbon development path, particularly for emerging economies. We present that these potential benefits consist of ‘green jobs’ and of a wider set of socio-economic and environmental ‘co-benefits’ that are generated simultaneously from renewable technologies in India. Based on case studies from the Indian state of Karnataka, we obtain estimates for jobs and describe co-benefits enabled by wind, off-grid solar and biomass technologies. Furthermore, we use these estimates to project the potential for future benefits that could be generated by further enhancing the use of renewable technologies towards sustainable energy policy and security. We show that enhancing green economy offers benefits that include the creation of jobs, but also delivers a much wider set of socio-economic and environmental welfare gains for emerging economies such as India. Our paper also provides valuable evidence-based analyses for policy-makers when assessing the benefits of low-carbon sustainable development.

Comparative life cycle assessment study on environmental impact of oil production from micro-algae and terrestrial oilseed crops

In this study the LCA methodology is applied in order to satisfy two goals: i) to evaluate the hot spots in site-specific production chain of biodiesel from terrestrial and micro-algae feedstock; ii) to compare quantitatively, utilizing primary data, the impacts of the first generation in respect to the third generation bio-fuels. Results show that micro-algae are neither competitive yet with traditional oil crops nor with fossil fuel. The use of renewable technologies as photovoltaics and biogas self production might increase the competitiveness of micro-algae oil. Further investigations are however necessary to optimize their production chain and to increase the added value of co-products.

The Social Perspective on the Renewable Energy Autonomy of Geographically Isolated Communities: Evidence from a Mediterranean Island

The use of renewable energy sources can provide a path toward sustainable development and regional energy independence. In particular, renewable-based energy autonomy constitutes a viable option in remote areas. This work presents a survey on the use of renewable energy as part of an energy autonomy plan on a Mediterranean island. The study also included personal communications with residents and local community leaders. The results show an overall positive attitude toward renewable energy applications. The majority of the respondents support the implementation of renewable-based, small-scale projects corresponding to local energy autonomy scenarios. They are, furthermore, convinced that a wider use of renewable technologies can reduce the environmental impact of conventional fuels. However, although people are aware of technologies widely used on the island, they are much less so when it comes to less prominent technologies (wave energy, fuel cells, etc.). People tend to be more open to installations of solar, wind and geothermal energy, while generally they dislike nuclear and coal power plants. Lastly, the majority of the respondents believe that local policies on energy issues should change, while they also perceive the lack of political will as one of the most important obstacles to the implementation of renewable technologies.