Use Of Radio Frequency Identification Research Articles

A Blockchain-Based Mutual Authentication Method to Secure the Electric Vehicles’ TPMS

Despite the widespread use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and wireless connectivity such as Near Field Communication (NFC) in electric vehicles, their security and privacy implications in Ad-Hoc networks have not been well explored. This paper provides a data protection assessment of radio frequency electronic system in the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). It is demonstrated that eavesdropping is completely feasible from a passing car, at an approximate distance up to 50 meters. Furthermore, our reverse analysis shows that the static <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -bit signatures and messaging can be eavesdropped from a relatively far distance, raising privacy concerns as a vehicles' movements can be tracked by using the unique IDs of tire pressure sensors. Unfortunately, current protocols do not use authentication, and automobile technologies hardly follow routine message confirmation so sensor messages may be spoofed remotely. To improve the security of TPMS, we suggest a novel ultra-lightweight mutual authentication for the TPMS registry process in the automotive network. Our experimental results confirm the effectiveness and security of the proposed method in TPMS.

Do cybercrime laws address emergent IoT security threats? The case of UAE federal cybercrime law regarding RFID technology

AbstractWith the widespread use of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology as a means for commerce and identification, new types of cybercrime have emerged. Accordingly, revisions to extant cybercrime law are required. This research attempts to determine the relevance of current UAE laws in addressing new cybercrimes on emergent technologies. We reviewed the literature to identify threats to RFID systems, classifying works into three categories: blocking, interception, and physical attacks. We mapped these categories to 50 articles of the UAE cybercrime law to assess their relevance. According to the distribution of law articles pertaining to RFID attacks, it was found that RFID communication interception attacks are not sufficiently addressed in the law and that further amendments are required in the UAE. Example of international statutes are highlighted as models.

Analysis of Data Reception in the Communication Layer Applied to an Architecture of Mobile Sensor Networks in Marine Environments

This paper is focused on the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology operating at 125 kHz in a communication layer for a network of mobile and static nodes in marine environments, with a specific focus on the Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT). The analysis is divided into two main sections: characterizing the penetration depth at different frequencies and evaluating the probabilities of data reception between antennas of static nodes and a terrestrial antenna considering the line of sight (LoS) between antennas. The results indicate that the use of RFID technology at 125 kHz allows for data reception with a penetration depth of 0.6116 dB/m, demonstrating its suitability for data communication in marine environments. In the second part of the analysis, we examine the probabilities of data reception between static-node antennas at different heights and a terrestrial antenna at a specific height. Wave samples recorded in Playa Sisal, Yucatan, Mexico, are used for this analysis. The findings show a maximum reception probability of 94.5% between static nodes with an antenna at a height of 0 m and a 100% data reception probability between a static node and the terrestrial antenna when the static-node antennas are optimally positioned at a height of 1 m above sea level. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the application of RFID technology in marine environments for the UIoT, considering the minimization of impacts on marine fauna. The results suggest that by adjusting the characteristics of the RFID system, the proposed architecture can be effectively implemented to expand the monitoring area, considering variables both underwater and on the surface of the marine environment.

IoT-based child tracking using RFID and GPS

With growing concerns about their children’s safety and security, parents have shown an increasing interest in creating a dependable system that allows them to track and monitor their children in outdoor environments. The number of children who have gone missing, particularly in public areas, has risen, making it even more necessary to develop efficient solutions. This study focused on designing and implementing an affordable Internet of Things-based system that enables parents to track their children’s movement while they are in outdoor environments. The system described in this study relies on the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) readers installed in multiple locations to detect the presence of a child within a designated area of interest. To connect parents with this system, an Android smartphone application was developed and connected to the Thinger.io platform. The application displays the child’s location on a map using global positioning system technology and sends an alert message through the global system for mobile networks via 3G as soon as the RFID reader detects the child’s mobile tag. The system was tested within the designated area of interest to evaluate its performance. The results revealed that the RFID reader was able to detect the child’s movement within a range of approximately 4.5 meters from each RFID device and 9 meters between two RFID devices. Furthermore, the system was able to accurately determine the child’s real-time geolocation, both with and without Internet access. The system was also found to be lightweight and cost effective.

Smartphone Application for Support Library Operations in the Internet of Things Era

The library can be referred to as a storage place for books and other references. The reference can be in the form of digital storage media. Libraries if not managed properly will cause chaos in the library organization. Many books were lost due to the entry and exit of books that were out of control. Currently, the library is not only a place to store books but can be maximized by managing and adding other digital devices. The use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in libraries adds sophistication to the management of books and library items. In addition, currently many libraries have taken advantage of Internet of Things Technology, by adding various sensors and integrating with cloud-based storage devices. It provides a service that makes it easy for library members to find and track the current whereabouts of books. This research does not only create a library by providing hardware in the form of sensors to be installed in the library. This paper also proposes the use of smartphones as an alternative in replacing sensor hardware. This study uses a QR Code sensor to match the book you are looking for and simulates dancing a book in blocks and bookcases. with augmented reality. The purpose of this research is to make a smart library prototype to make it easier for library members to find books or other references. The results of the experiment to find books and DVDs that have been carried out achieve an accuracy of 83.33%.

Efficient Mobile RFID Authentication Protocol for Smart Logistics Targets Tracking

Target tracking is one of the problems existing in the supply chain management. The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) in target tracking helps improve the monitoring accuracy and status visibility of the tracked target. For mobile RFID system, its three entities have to authenticate each other’s identity in order to guarantee the data transmission security. The mobile RFID authentication protocol cannot achieve both high security and low complexity at the same time. For this problem, a new efficiency mobile RFID authentication protocol is proposed in this paper, which implements secure authentication among different communication entities by different operation modes. For example, the protocol adopts Hash Function between reader and cloud server, and exchange-cross bitwise operation between tag and cloud server, to achieve low computing cost at tag-end while improving the security of mobile communication data. At the cloud server end, the protocol proposed in this paper adopts index data table as the storage mode, which further improves the could server efficiency in retrieving the authentication of tags and readers, and reduces the risks of sensitive data disclosure. According to the security analysis, this protocol can resist impersonation attack, replay attack, trace attack and other attacks launched by attackers. Its security performance is further proved by BAN logic, proverif tool and random oracle model. On the other hand, the simple operation at the tag-end of the protocol lowers the tag cost to a larger extent.

Applications of Internet of Things in university libraries of Pakistan: An empirical investigation

This study aims to investigate the applications of the Internet of Things (IoTs) and highlights the challenges faced to implement IoTs in Pakistani university libraries. This study opted exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach and was completed in two phases. In the first phase, purposefully selected university librarians were interviewed. In the second phase, quantitative data were collected from 122 university librarians across Pakistan. This study found that Pakistani university libraries implemented IoTs-based appliances including smart air conditioners, automatic fire alarms, smart hand sanitizer machines, and smart security doors. Moreover, the university libraries were using limited IoT-based services that are auto notification of check-out, check-in the reading materials, self-check-out and self-check-in system, recognition of user's card, and the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags for security perspective. The major challenges to implementing IoTs applications were found lack of a highly networked and integrated environment, budget problems, unavailability of policy and strategic plan, and the lack of technical personnel. This novel study explains the extent of IoTs applications and the challenges to adopt and implement IoTs in Pakistani university libraries. The research findings would be useful for library and university administrators who are interested to implement IoTs applications in their libraries.

Impact of the Use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Electronic Witnessing System on the IVF Laboratory Staff and Patient Experience

Impact of the Use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Electronic Witnessing System on the IVF Laboratory Staff and Patient Experience

An RFID-Based Students Security Model Using IoT

The abduction of school children has increased over the last few years particularly in northern Nigeria, for various reasons such as child labor, ransom, forceful marriages, and suicide bombers. Due to this reason, parents are cautious about sending their children to school. Security issue is a major challenge in secondary school education in north west and north east Nigeria. and it is worrisome that most of the schools do not have adequate security for effective teaching and learning. This study is aimed at improving the security challenges in secondary schools with the use of Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) reader at all entrances. Security based system using RFID technology for use in Federal Government Girls College, Yola has been proposed for efficient and effective school security to curb the security challenges faced by schools in northern Nigeria.

Survey on Lightweight Primitives and Protocols for RFID in Wireless Sensor Networks

The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies is becoming widespread in all kind of wireless network-based applications. As expected, applications based on sensor networks, ad-hoc or mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) can be highly benefited from the adoption of RFID solutions. There is a strong need to employ lightweight cryptographic primitives for many security applications because of the tight cost and constrained resource requirement of sensor based networks. This paper mainly focuses on the security analysis of lightweight protocols and algorithms proposed for the security of RFID systems. A large number of research solutions have been proposed to implement lightweight cryptographic primitives and protocols in sensor and RFID integration based resource constraint networks. In this work, an overview of the currently discussed lightweight primitives and their attributes has been done. These primitives and protocols have been compared based on gate equivalents (GEs), power, technology, strengths, weaknesses and attacks. Further, an integration of primitives and protocols is compared with the possibilities of their applications in practical scenarios.

Renovated XTEA Encoder Architecture-Based Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for RFID and Green Wireless Sensor Network Applications

Wireless sensor networks find applications everywhere in day to day activities right from attendance entry systems to healthcare monitoring systems. The evolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) as the Internet of Everything (IoET) makes the wireless sensor network omnipresent and increases the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for the proper identification of devices and sensor nodes which are mostly battery operated. As technology evolves, security threats also increase rapidly. This mandates a strong and energy-efficient green solution. This work attempted to address these issues by effectively deploying the lightweight encryption scheme called Extended Tiny Encryption Algorithm (XTEA). Though the XTEA is lightweight and famous, it is commonly known for various attacks. Our work patches the security threats in the XTEA by applying domain-specific customization, random number utilization, and undisclosed key renewal techniques. Two custom Renovated XTEA Mutual Authentication Protocol (RXMAP) encoder architectures, namely, RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2, are proposed based on the replacement of accurate computational blocks with approximate blocks. The proposed RXMAP protocol is evaluated for its computational and storage overhead and verified against various security threats using BAN logic formal verification and informal verification. The proposed encoder architectures are simulated for functional verification, and ASIC implementation is done with a 132 nm process node. ASIC implementation results show that the proposed designs RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2 occupy 53.11% and 53.31% lesser area compared to XTEA I and 52.97% and 53.18% lesser area compared to XTEA II implementation. The total power consumed by the proposed encoder architectures RXMAP-1 and RXMAP-2 is 68.76% and 71.64% lesser than XTEA II implementation, respectively, while maintaining the equal throughput.

Exploring the Application of RFID for Designing Augmented Virtual Reality Experience

Recent technical advancement has driven the boundary between the physical reality and digital virtuality to diminish significantly. As part of the emerging trend, existing research leverages a synergized use of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) and virtual reality (VR) to create compelling hybrid user experience. However, current state-of-the-art literature indicates a lack of coherent architecture for seamlessly integrating these two siloed technology stacks, thus hindering full-fledged mixed and extended reality applications. In this article, we first conducted a comprehensive literature review and identified key design themes and different technical affordances of RFID within VR context; in reflection of our findings, we hence proposed an overarching architecture to facilitate swift and flexible composition of RFID and VR; Three use cases were further established using the proposed architecture to both demonstrate its technical feasibility and qualitatively assess RFID’s augmentation over conventional VR applications. This exploratory research intends to offer some preliminary design knowledge and insights for designing and developing RFID-augmented VR applications, open up opportunities for further discussion and research interest in this area, thus ultimately contributing to a more immersive, interactive and informative user experience.

Implementation of rfid in university library: An advanced research at Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak

RFID is a cutting-edge integrated library management system that enables the instantaneous detection and recognition of library materials. RFID applications vary from book monitoring and stock management to security in general and completely automated book classifying at the moment. Shortly, RFID systems will play an important role in data collection, recognition, and analysis required for specific library operations. An RFID-enabled automated library might be a “self-service station” that involves reducing the amount of interference from staff members. Efforts are being made to implement self-service “check-in” and “checkout” to prevent long delays in the delivery of library collection and to improve operational efficiency. Considering the significance of library security, this paper focuses on the use of Radio frequency identification (RFID) in libraries, including its elements, advantages, and the role of the librarian. The researcher collected the data of 50 users from Maharshi Dayanand University library, Rohtak, to find out the status of RFID implementation and the satisfaction level of users with the system. Most of the users are satisfied with the component and its benefits of it.

CONDITIONS AND FEATURES OF APPLICATION OF RFID TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPLY CHAINS

The subject of this article is the use of radio frequency identification in production and logistics processes, as well as in the processes of wholesale and retail sales. This article analyzes the advantages and limitations of using existing types of RFID tags. Various types of materials and media are considered, the physical properties of which affect the efficiency and applicability of RF marking. Examples of practical application of RFID tags are given. The analysis carried out allows determining the field of application of radio frequency identification, as well as the types of goods that are advisable to be labelled by radio frequency tags. The challenges addressed by RFID reflect their practical relevance in manufacturing, supply and trade.

Internal Damage Detection of Composite Structures Using Passive RFID Tag Antenna Deformation Method: Basic Research

This manuscript deals with the detection of internal cracks and defects in aeronautical fibreglass structures. In technical practice, it is problematic to accurately determine the service life or MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure) of composite materials by the methods used in metallic materials. The problem is mainly the inhomogeneous and anisotropic structure of composites, possibly due to the differences in the macrostructure during production, production processes, etc. Diagnostic methods for detecting internal cracks and damage are slightly different, and in practice, it is more difficult to detect defects using non-destructive testing (NDT). The article deals with the use of Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology integrated in the fibreglass laminates of aircraft structures to detect internal defects based on deformation behaviour of passive RFID tag antenna. The experiments proved the potential of using RFID technology in fibreglass composite laminates when using tensile tests applied on specimens with different structural properties. Therefore, the implementation of passive RFID tags into fibreglass composite structures presents the possibilities of detecting internal cracks and structural health monitoring. The result and conclusion of the basic research is determination of the application conditions for our proposed technology in practice. Moreover, the basic research provides recommendations for the applied research in terms of the use in real composite airframe structures.

Prototype Sistem Keamanan Brankas Menggunakan Teknologi RFID Berbasis Arduino Uno

In general, the current safes lack a security system and are impractical in accessing them. Looking at the current conditions, most of them still use number combination security, such as the safe security system at Sandimedia, seeing the current situation, the owner of Sandimedia can open the safe, while employees often told to take the files that are in the safe and are often wrong in determining the combination of safe numbers. For the author, this method is less effective for emergency matters. The importance of making a safe opening system using RFID which aims to facilitate user access rights that do not need to rely on number combinations.This data collection method is carried out through several methods aimed at producing certain products and testing the effectiveness of these products. This method is applied to the research procedure into 5 stages (1) literature study, (2) problem analysis, (3) design and realization, (4) testing and measurement (5) discussion methodThe results of the implementation of a security system in safes using a microcontroller-based RFID, the authors can conclude that after system design and testing, it can be seen that RFID technology can be applied to safes as a security system and the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) as a safe safe system runs in accordance with designs and programs that have been made

Smart transit payment for university campus transportation using RFID card system

In the transportation business, we aim to be cost-efficient and effective in our customer service but with the traditional transit payment system, it is not so. Lately, transit companies all over the world are moving towards superior client service, nimbleness, receptiveness to necessities that diverge at a time scale that was absurd even two decades ago. The aim of this study was to create an electronic transit payment system that will allow for full pliability and solutions functionality that Covenant Universities and Nigerian transit companies should adopt to become more effective and efficient. We achieved this with the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) smart cards and card readers aiding a computer program that was programmed using C#. In addition, the program was simple and not expensive to implement in order to eliminate the mismanagement of ticket funds, loiter paper in bus stations, and so on. Together all this became our payment system.

Novel use of radio frequency identification (RFID) provides a valid measure of indoor stair-based physical activity

This study sought to test the validity of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to measure indoor stair walking. RFID and Bluetooth sensors (accelerometers with the proximity function) were placed at landings across three floors within a stairwell. Participants (n = 29) were randomized to stair walking or sedentary control and concomitantly wore RFID tags at the hip, chest and neck. An accelerometer worn at the hip captured criterion physical activity data. RFID devices detected sedentary control and stair walking participants (mean RFID detections: 15.50, 47.33 respectively). Neck lanyard RFID tags were detected most frequently. RFID correctly classified all participants in both groups. RFID-based energy expenditure estimates were strongly correlated with accelerometer estimates (r = 0.78–0.94). Percent agreement for floor detection between the Bluetooth and RFID readers (38.6%) was consistent with known limitations of Bluetooth proximity sensing. It is concluded that, during self-paced stair walking in young adults, RFID devices provide valid data on participant movement and estimated energy expenditure.

A Synthetic Aperture UHF RFID Localization Method by Phase Unwrapping and Hyperbolic Intersection

The use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology for the traceability of products throughout the production chain, warehouse management, and the retail network is spreading in the last years, especially in those industries in line with the concept of Industry 4.0. The last decade has seen the development of increasingly precise and high-performance methods for the localization of goods. This work proposes a reliable 2-D localization methodology that is faster and provides a competitive accuracy, concerning the state-of-the-art techniques. The proposed method leverages a phase-distance model and exploits the synthetic aperture approach and unwrapping techniques for facing phase ambiguity and multipath phenomena. Trilateration applied on consecutive phase readings allows finding hyperbolae as the localization solution space. Analytic calculus is used to compute intersections among the conics that estimate the tag position. An algorithm computes intersections quality to select the best estimation. Experimental tests are conducted to assess the quality of the proposed strategy. A mobile robot equipped with a reader antenna localizes in 2-D the tags placed in an indoor scenario and reconstructs the map of the environment through a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm. <i>Note to Practitioners</i>&#x2014;A localization technology based on passive ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) is an enabling technology for intelligent warehouses, logistics, and retails. For this reason, this work presents a novel method to estimate the tag location with high accuracy. A reader antenna is mounted on an autonomous mobile robot that can move in an indoor or outdoor environment due to a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm. The motion of the antenna generates a synthetic aperture. The system receives the phase measurements from the RFID tags and generates a distance model through phase unwrapping. In such a way, the possible locations of the tags in the environment are generated, creating conics. The trilateration step is performed analytically, intersecting the obtained conics. The resulting estimations are very accurate and not computation expensive. Therefore, the proposed approach can be employed in any application where localizing objects is fundamental even when reduced computational power is available, e.g., in warehouses where the products are at known heights, or where the items are placed on a fixed infrastructure, such as high-shelves logistics, to produce the inventory of the tagged objects within each shelf.

Intelligent Agent-Based Predict System With Cloud Computing for Enterprise Service Platform in IoT Environment

If the product supply shortage occurs during the sales period, customers will turn to other companies, so the enterprise lose the sales opportunity. If the enterprise can predict product demands, and manages the product sales by using the supply chain management prediction system to improve the bottleneck of the inventory, the hot sales product can have more critical time utilization, and the inventory status can be reflected quickly by Internet of Things (IoT). To overcome the problem that the replenishment model cannot show the actual quantity of products on the store shelves, in the paper, we propose an intelligent agent-based prediction system, which serves as a framework to construct an integrated prediction system through the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to design the intelligent product prediction shelf to extract product messages, and the service oriented architecture to develop prediction information to recommend products to the customer. The result of the paper proposes an agent-based cloud computing service platform in IoT and intelligent agents with SOA as backend cloud services. To build a prototype prediction system with performance analysis, it can be proved that the prediction system architecture for intelligent agent-based prediction system could improve operation performance and effectively enhance customer service quality for hot sale products.