Use Of Production Capacity Research Articles

Organization and improvement of the structure of repair cycles of agricultural machinery

The article discusses the issues of organization and improvement of the structure of repair cycles during routine maintenance of equipment. The use of a rational structure of the repair cycle allows the fullest use of the potential resource of machines and their components, helps to reduce downtime in repairs and the efficient use of production capacities of repair enterprises.

Quality and quantitative traits of non-alcoholic beer with flavour-improved taste

The non-alcoholic and low-alcohol beer market has grown significantly in recent years and is predicted to continue growing. However, non-alcoholic and low-alcohol beers have organoleptic problems and are not recognized by many consumers. The increasing popularity of alcohol-free beers (AFBs) fosters the industry's interest in delivering the best possible product. Yet, a remaining sensory issue of AFBs is the over-perception of wort flavor, caused by elevated concentrations of small volatile flavor compounds (i.e.aldehydes)still remains. Previously, molecular sieves (hydrophobic ZSM-5 type zeolites) were found as most suitable to remove these flavors by adsorption with high selectivity from the AFBs. In this work, a flavor-improved beer is produced at a pilot-scale using this novel technology, and its chemical composition, sensory profile, and stability are evaluated against a reference. Aldehyde concentrations in the flavor-improved product were found 79–93% lower than in the reference. The distinct difference was confirmed with a trained sensory panel and could be conserved even after three months of ageing at 30ºC. Future work will focus on the process design to scale up this technology. It is established that the release of a new kind of beer is economically profitable, since the expansion of the range contributes to a more complete use of production capacity, and consequently, reduced costs per unit of production, which ultimately leads to an increase in the profit of the enterprise.

Chemical, physical properties, microstructure and granulometric composition of ultra-finely ground chicken bone paste

The article describes a method for processing chicken bones from the neck, leg, breast, and wing in order to obtain finely dispersed chicken meat-bone paste (MBP). Bones were crushed two times: (a) with a bone chopper (particle size ≤ 5 mm), (b) ultrafine grinding machine (particle size ≤ 0.1 mm). Thereafter, ice water was added in different ratios (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) into crushed bones. The effect of added water on the temperature, water binding capacity and chemical composition of MBP was studied. An increase in the proportion of water in MBP during ultrafine grinding leads to a decrease in the water binding capacity. The addition of water to crushed chicken bones followed by ultrafine grinding causes an increase in moisture content and a decrease in fat, protein and ash contents of meat-bone paste. After ultrafine grinding the size of >80% of bone particles is < 0.1 mm, and the remaining portion is < 0.25 mm. The optimal way of processing MBP is a two-stage grinding with preliminary freezing, crushing on the bone chopper, adding 50% of water to the mass of chopped bone, and finally ultrafine grinding. This processing method makes it possible to obtain MBP with good water binding capacity, homogeneous consistency, and balanced chemical composition. Practical implicationsWaste-free processing of poultry bones can help processing plants reduce labor and energy costs, make more efficient use of production capacity, and improve the profitability of poultry production as a whole. This information can guide manufacturers in achieving desired moisture levels and consistency in the final product. It also highlights the importance of controlling the water-to-MBP ratio during the grinding process to meet specific quality and moisture requirements.

Peculiarities of development of the machine-building sector’s enterprises of Ukraine

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the current state and features of the development of enterprises in the machine-building industry of Ukraine. The purpose of the paper, based on the analysis of literary sources and statistical data, is to investigate the prospects for the development of the machine-building industry in Ukraine and to highlight the main factors affecting its development. The paper emphasizes the importance of the machine-building sector as a key branch of industry and the national economy as a whole, examines methods of research of enterprises in the machine-building sector, production and financial indicators of the industry, as well as problems and challenges faced by the business. In particular, the most important factors affecting the market situation of the machine-building sector in Ukraine, indicators of the efficiency of the use of production capacities, the role of the state and international cooperation in the development of the machine-building industry, as well as innovative and technological development will be considered. The experience of the development of the machine-building industry in other countries, in particular in Europe and Asia, was studied. The problems of the machine-building sector in Ukraine are revealed, namely: lack of a powerful market, lack of access to financing, low level of innovativeness and technological soundness of production, low level of qualification of the workforce. It was determined that the development of the machine-building sector requires a complex approach and decisive actions on the part of the state and enterprises. The need to develop and implement a strategy that will be aimed at increasing the efficiency of using and developing the potential of the machine-building sector of Ukraine and at creating high-tech products that will meet the requirements of international markets has been proven. This material will offer ways to solve the problems of enterprises in the machine-building industry of Ukraine, such as support for exports, innovations and scientific research, development of infrastructure and logistics, and improvement of employee qualifications.

Production of meat and products of its processing in Kazakhstan: improving the quality and assortment

The goal is to summarize the results of the development of meat processing industry in Kazakhstan, to analyze market changes in domestic sausage market, including its total volume, the distribution of market share between producers by type of product, region, export and import, per capita consumption, consumer preferences, culture and profile of buyers. Methods – for the analysis of primary and secondary information, desk and field methods of conducting marketing research were used, official statistics were studied, and a survey of industry specialists was conducted. Results – the dynamics of sausage production in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past five years was determined, the factors that contributed to its changes were identified. An analysis of the volumes of production of sausage products, meat processing, canning, the pace of development of the meat industry, the use of production capacities in the regions of the country is given. The structure of market, tastes of consumers, the level of competition, main trends, territorial location of manufacturers and sales directions are considered. Conclusions – the consumption of sausages in Kazakhstan is more than 85.6 thousand tons, or 11 kg per capita per year. The largest number of manufactured and processed sausages is in the West Kazakhstan and East Kazakhstan regions. Over the past 5 years, in the republic as a whole, the increase was 1.9 times, which was facilitated by the growth in demand, the development of technologies, and small business. The authors note the absence of large producers, their fragmentation, as well as a number of problems associated with the shortage of raw materials, the irrational use of its secondary reserves, and the need to reduce losses. To increase the investment attractiveness of the meat processing industry, it is necessary to solve the economic problems of coordinating intersectoral relations related to attracting investment resources and their targeted

Minimizing Makespan in a Permutation Flow Shop Environment: Comparison of Scatter Search, Genetic Algorithm and Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures

Solving scheduling problems enables more efficient use of production capacity. It involves defining the sequence of operations, determining the capacity of resources, and balancing workloads. Different methods, especially metaheuristics, have been used to solve these problems. This study presents the application of Scatter Search (SS), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures (GRASP) for minimizing makespan in a permutation flow shop environment. In this study, the performances of these methods are compared through various test problems in the literature and a real-life problem of a company operating in the automotive sector. Study comprises 48 jobs that must be planned within a day for eight consecutive operations. In cellular manufacturing, the sequence in which each job is processed in eight operations is the same. In solving permutation flow shop scheduling problems (PFSP), one of the NP-hard problems, meta-heuristic methods are widely applied due to their successful results. From this point of view, SS, GA, and GRASP are employed in this study, and their performances are compared.

Robust Optimization on Unrelated Parallel Machine Scheduling With Setup Times

The parallel machine scheduling problem has been a popular topic for many years due to its theoretical and practical importance. This paper addresses the robust makespan optimization problem on unrelated parallel machine scheduling with sequence-dependent setup times, where the processing times are uncertain, and the only knowledge is the time intervals they take values from. We propose a robust optimization model with the min-max regret criterion to formulate this problem. To solve this problem, we prove that the worst-case scenario with the maximum regret for a given solution belongs to a finite set of extreme scenarios. Based on this theoretical analysis, a procedure to obtain the maximum regret is proposed and an enhanced regret evaluation method (ERE) is designed to accelerate this process, which is of great significance to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. A multi-start decomposition-based heuristic algorithm (MDH) based on the analysis of properties is proposed to solve this problem. Computational experiments are conducted to justify the performance and robustness of these methods. Note to Practitioners—Various uncertainties may occur in the production process, which brings great challenges to production and operations management. A robust production schedule is of great significance for factories to make full use of production capacity and deal with production abnormalities. This study is motivated by an R&D and assembly task scheduling problem encountered in a high-end equipment manufacturing factory in which the processing time of each job is uncertain, and its distribution is also unknown due to limited information. In this study, with the consideration of sequence-dependent setup time and uncertain job-processing time, we view the labor groups with different skill levels as unrelated parallel machines and build a robust (min-max regret) scheduling model to formulate this problem so as to reduce the production makespan. An enhanced regret evaluation method is developed to improve the evaluation efficiency for a given solution, and a multi-start decomposition-based heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. This study can be applied in practice to release schedulers from burdensome work and provide high-quality robust schedules for this complicated production environment.

Hydrogen–Natural Gas Blending in Distribution Systems—An Energy, Economic, and Environmental Assessment

Taking into account the international policies in the field of environmental protection in the world in general, and in the European Union in particular, the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and primarily of carbon dioxide, has become one of the most important objectives. This can be obtained through various renewable energy sources and non-polluting technologies, such as the mixing of hydrogen and natural gas. Combining hydrogen with natural gas is an emerging trend in the energy industry and represents one of the most important changes in the efforts to achieve extensive decarbonisation. The importance of this article consists of carrying out a techno-economic study based on the simulation of annual consumptions regarding the construction and use of production capacities for hydrogen to be used in mixtures with natural gas in various percentages in the distribution network of an important operator in Romania. In order to obtain relevant results, natural gas was treated as a mixture of real gases with a known composition as defined in the chromatographic bulletin. The survey presents a case study for the injection of 5%, 10%, and 20% hydrogen in the natural gas distribution system of Bucharest, the largest city in Romania. In addition to conducting this techno-economic study, the implications for final consumers of this technical solution in reducing greenhouse gas emissions—mainly those of carbon dioxide from combustion—are also presented.

Reducing production losses in additive manufacturing using overall equipment effectiveness

Additive manufacturing (AM) has widely demonstrated its ability to economically produce parts at low volumes. Attention is now shifting to higher volume applications, such as mass customization and the manufacture of standard parts. In these contexts, production losses due to process variability and inefficient machine use are common concerns for the application of AM. The Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) metric is a tool widely used in traditional manufacturing to assess the effective use of production capacity. Previous studies seeking to apply OEE to AM are limited in scope and have neglected the above sources of inefficiency. This article seeks to address this gap in two ways. First, we present a framework for measuring OEE within AM operations; and systematically map the ‘six production losses’ to the AM workflow to codify our understanding of the main sources of inefficiency. Second, we conduct a simulation study investigating how the AM operations approach, product variety and lead time requirements affect the OEE of an AM process. Our findings demonstrate that – with some conceptual adaptation – the OEE metric can indeed be used in the context of AM. Furthermore, we identify the approach to AM operation as a major determinant of performance in terms of the OEE achieved. We conclude with a set of managerial insights on how to apply the OEE metric to AM processes in practice. • Novel framework for ‘what’ and ‘how’ to measure OEE in AM operations. • Systematic mapping of the ‘six production losses’ in OEE to the AM workflow. • Simulation highlights that OEE in AM depends on the operations approach. • Simulation also investigates how product variety and lead-time affect OEE in AM. • Results show that the OEE metric is useful for AM with some conceptual adaptation.

АНАЛІЗ ПОЛІТИКИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ТРИВАЛОСТІ ЗБОРУ ЗАМОВЛЕНЬ В УМОВАХ ВИПАДКОВИХ КОЛИВАНЬ ПОПИТУ

At most industrial enterprises, current production volumes are set in accordance with the adopted policy of operating activity. This policy sets out the rule for deciding on production volumes based on information about orders received for products, losses that may occur and the volume of demand in future periods. An analysis of operating activity policies, which are most often used by industrial enterprises in random fluctuations in demand, shows that their use is accompanied by certain losses. They occur due to either partial downtime or excessive use of production capacity. In these circumstances, it is of interest to apply a policy of optimizing the duration of the collection of orders, according to which the amount of orders collected over several periods of time is evenly distributed over these periods during the execution of orders. But at the same time there is a risk of losing orders if the execution time of orders is very high. The aim of the work was to develop and analyze a model for optimizing the duration of order collection under conditions of their full execution and arbitrary laws of distribution of the probability of demand intensity (volume of orders). In the results of research, mathematical description of the expected operating effect is found depending on arbitrary statistical characteristics of demand intensity and the effect of reducing the intensity of demand in the case of increasing the duration of the collection of orders. The algorithm proposed by us allows us to find the probability functions of the average values of demand intensity for several units of time according to the data on the probability of the values of demand intensity for one period of time. The general content of the numerical method of optimizing the duration of order collection according to the criterion of the maximum expected operational effect for a single period of time is presented. The advantages of the policy of optimizing the duration of order collection, which consist in a more uniform intensity of the production process, reduction of losses from downtime and excessive capacity utilization, are shown.

Job Scheduling Algorithm for a Hybrid MTO-MTS Production Process

Make-to-Order (MTO) manufacturing (especially in the case of seasonal production) creates problems associated with the low use of production capacity in periods of low demand. In order to avoid unnecessary costs, companies often choose to manufacture selected products to stock. However, in doing so they face important decision problems related to the selection of components that will be made to stock (MTS) and designing a production schedule that will take into account both current production orders as well as MTS operations. In this study, we present the assumptions of a method and a main algorithm for production job scheduling in hybrid MTO-MTS production systems. This paper presents both the individual stages of the procedure as well as an example illustrating the operation of the algorithm.

Modern models of agro-industrial production organization in Uzbekistan

The objective need to increase economic efficiency and to intensify the functioning of the agro-industrial complex poses new challenges related to the choice of competitive models that contribute to the maximum use of production capacities and the entire potential of the agricultural sector. The study of the development dynamics of different forms of management has shown a significant impact of various organizational forms and types of integration on economic growth, the sustainability of economic development, the competitiveness of the products of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). The study of the development evolution of integrated structures allowed to pay special attention to the functioning of cluster structures in the agro-industrial complex, to their high socio-economic and other efficiency. The important advantages of agro-industrial clusters in agricultural production include their use of the competitive advantages of the respective regions engaged in the production of certain food products, considering the geographical location of the regions of the republic, their climatic and other conditions. In addition, the use by clusters of existing opportunities characteristic of integrated systems for the development and improvement of the technical and technological base of all branches of the agro-industrial complex of the country.

СУТНІСТЬ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ВИРОБНИЧОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article solves the problem of forming a theoretical and methodological approach to the formation of the production potential of agricultural enterprises. In modern market economy, the production potential of agricultural enterprises comes first, because effective management is the basis of the ideology of strategic management. Its important element is the formation of a management system of production capacity by assessing the efficiency of production processes. The main theoretical aspects of the formation of the management system of production capacity, as well as practical recommendations for improving the management and use of production capacity of agricultural enterprises are studied and systematized. The author’s formulation of the production potential of agricultural enterprises is generalized – effective use of technical, material, financial and information resources in order to achieve the goals of the enterprise. Production potential is an important component of the company’s potential and plays a significant role in its activities. Production potential is an effective characteristic of the use of existing opportunities of agricultural enterprises.Improving the efficiency of the use of production potential is important because it directly reflects the use of production resources of economic entities, determines the effectiveness and efficiency of their activities The main approaches used to determine the production capacity are analyzed, its properties and the main elements of the production capacity management system are substantiated. The main methods of calculating the level of production potential are considered. The author's formulation of the production potential of agricultural enterprises and a comprehensive method of assessing the effectiveness of the use of agricultural enterprises is proposed. Production potential is based on the efficient use of resources that determine the capabilities of the enterprise. The importance of improving the formation of the management system of production potential of the enterprise is to create a rational organizational mechanism at different hierarchical levels of the management system.

Выбор оптимального варианта региональной сети централизованного специализированного производства по техническому обслуживанию автобусов

The article considers the issue of selecting the optimal variant for a regional network of centralized specialized enterprise based on the production capacities of transport enterprises of the Saratov agglomeration. There is presented a geographical distribution of transport enterprises with a suitable production and technical base. The distribution of types of bus maintenance and repair work is given, along with the dynamics of the number of transport enterprises in the Saratov agglomeration (using the example of four organizations). The comparative effectiveness of options for improving the production and technical base of the technical service of city buses is considered. The specific savings on conditionally fixed costs are calculated. The results of the study can be useful in optimizing the system of maintenance and repair of buses within large cities with the interconnected use of production capacity of organizations operating road transport.

Fish-water substantiation of the recirculation aqua system for the African clary catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

The advantages of Clarias gariepinus over other valuable species of fish raised in closed water supply systems are rapid growth, the ability to obtain marketable products in 6 months, unpretentiousness to the conditions of detention, valuable taste: clary catfish meat contains polyunsaturated fatty acids ( omega-3) and meets the requirements of a balanced healthy diet. The study was conducted on one of the farms for growing clary catfish, which is part of the Union of Aqua Farmers of Ukraine LLC “Aquapromgroup” in the Odesa region. To optimize the work of the farm for growing commercial Claria catfish in ultrasound, the use of polycyclic (8-cyclic) method instead of 2-cyclic, which currently operates, will allow more efficient use of production capacity, technological equipment and sell 127,784 tons of fish, which is 2.4 times more. To implement the technology it is necessary to grow the following number of fish: at the 1st stage – 24000 specimens, at the 2nd stage – 20400 specimens, at the 3rd stage – 17748 specimens, at the 4th stage – 15973 of each of 8 cycles. During the year the farm sells 127.784 copies. clary catfish with an average weight of 1 kg. Farm costs for compound feed: for feed for fry (“Biomar”) – 234432 UAH, for feed for other age groups of clary catfish – 2879860 UAH. The total cost of feed – 3114292 UAH. If all the requirements of the 8-cycle technological process of growing catfish in closed water supply installations (total volume of pools – 131 m3) the cost of 1 kg of fish will be 39 hryvnias, the farm will receive 3960300 hryvnias of gross profit from sales of marketable products, the profitability of production will be 79.5 %. Therefore, during the performance of this work, we proved the advantage of using the polycyclic method of growing clary catfish in closed water supply installations.

Investigation synchronous planning methods efficiency in small-batch make-to-order production

Lack of effective planning methods is one of the reasons for uneven use of production capacity, the occurrence of unplanned downtime and various types of losses. Small-scale make-to-order productions are characterized by weak workplaces specialization, by the versatility of the equipment used with a wide range of used components. They differ in the presence of repeated processing of part at the same workplaces and in occurrence of “a return flow” in a production system. The article discusses the features of planning due to technological specifics in such enterprises and a significant number of applicable incoming nomenclature items. Existing systems of production planning such Manufacturing Execution System and Advanced Planning & Scheduling System are compared, variants of their algorithmic implementation are proposed. The authors investigated the effectiveness of the application of the developed algorithms for different planning levels - interdepartmental and shop, depending of the size of order book and number of technological operations. The analysis of the conducted research allows us to assert that to provide synchronous scheduling in make-to-order small-scale productions it is necessary to apply combined planning approach using APS-and MES-technologies together.

Issues of land management and forest management in the field of state forestry in Ukraine: the current state of regulations and directions of their development

Studies of materials and indicators on accounting and coverage of information on land management and forest management of state forestry in Ukraine. Certain inconsistencies of the current normative legal acts and indicators of the state and dynamics of the accounting category of land use «Forestry lands» were revealed. In particular, regarding the assessment of rational use and protection of lands, which are the basis for the implementation of the Land Reform. There are, in particular, in the form 6 — ZEM and in the materials of the state account, not modernized terms and their description. The category of accounting «Forestry lands» in the Land and Forest Codes of Ukraine, in the scientific and practical lexicon did not receive due attention and distribution as an object of labor, an object of identified land use in state forestry. Do not match the description in the Forest and Land Codes of Ukraine. The issue of organizational and economic accounting of land of the accounting category «Forestry lands» remains poorly regulated. The annual report still retains the description — «Forest lands include lands covered with forest vegetation, as well as not covered with forest vegetation and others» for forestry purposes». The category of accounting «Forestry lands» in the Land and Forest Codes of Ukraine, in the scientific and practical lexicon did not receive due attention and distribution as an object of labor, an object of identified land use in state forestry. Do not match the description in the Forest and Land Codes of Ukraine. The category of accounting for «Forestry lands» is placed in Article 19 of the Land Code of Ukraine under item «e», i.e. in 7th place, which does not comply with current principles of European legislation, not to mention the physical aspects of forest distribution in Ukraine. Again, the practice in Ukraine faces deadlines. It turns out that forestry science is increasingly moving away from the identified responsibilities and reporting of public forestry entities. The industry is less and less monitoring the state of forests according to estimates of the use of productive capacity of land by types of forest vegetation conditions. It turns out that forestry science is increasingly moving away from the identified responsibilities and reporting of public forestry entities. The industry is less and less monitoring the state of forests according to estimates of the use of productive capacity of land by types of forest vegetation conditions. In addition, the management in the state forestry in its powers only «ensures the implementation of state policy in the field of forestry and hunting», does not form it. That is, it does not develop relevant regulations, which is a certain flaw in the current forest legislation and needs to be changed. Specific measures are proposed to improve the legislation, accounting and state reporting in forestry, as well as the basic scheme of division of forest lands by accounting categories of division and administrative reporting of forestry and other enterprises of the State Forestry Agency of Ukraine.

WAYS TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ENTERPRISE

In modern economic conditions, the maximum use of production capacity of enterprises is the cheapest measure, which dramatically affects the efficiency of their work. Based on statistics, it is emphasized that in Ukraine, despite the decline in the construction industry, which was caused by COVID-19, in 2021/22 it is planned to increase investment in new construction, repair (capital and current), reconstruction and technical re-equipment of construction companies. The article reveals the reserves for increasing production capacity, ways to reduce the duration of the production cycle on the construction site, as well as the possibility of digital transformation to increase the production capacity of construction companies. Based on the results of materials from various sources, including foreign and the experience of leading scientists, the main promising areas of the subsystem of production capacity management as an integral element of a comprehensive system to improve production efficiency. It should be noted that the functioning of the investment products market encourages construction companies to improve the techniques and technologies of construction production to the level of demand from consumer industries. According to the results of the analysis, general and basic concepts of ways to increase the efficiency of fixed assets of enterprises are determined, which necessitates the introduction of a system of strategic development of production facilities, which will allow to take into account factors of demand for new products and services. As a conclusion it is noted that in the conditions of modern planning at the enterprise of production capacities it is necessary to consider a number of necessary indicators among which it is possible to allocate a portfolio of orders for production or services, quantity of necessary material and labor resources, financial resources. It is expedient to substantiate the size of necessary resources by means of use of modern information and computer systems and necessarily with a simultaneous estimation of consumer demand for the made production.

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ВИРОБНИЧОЇ ПОТУЖНОСТІ СУДНОРЕМОНТНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article discusses the issues of determining the production capacity of a shipyard and modeling the production process of ship repair using a systematic approach. The production capacity of the plant is understood as the maximum possible annual output in terms of the indicators and nomenclature established for the shipyard, with the full use of equipment and areas.The maximum volume of production is achieved when the structure of products is fully consistent with the structure of production resources and the structure of production assets. Improvement of management at the ship repair enterprise can be carried out in directions, including by creation of the model of production based on allocation of its most essential characteristics, used of mathematical methods of optimization. A static model is proposed to optimize the use of the shipyard production capacity, whenperforming scheduled preventive maintenance of shipping company ships in market conditions and a dynamic model of the annual plan in order to maximize the shipyard load and uniform use of its production capacity. In the performed calculations of the test case on the basis of the static model, four optimal plans with different optimization conditions were obtained: a plan for using the production capacity of theshipyard with the given initial data; plan with maximum production capacity with full use of shipyard resources; a plan for changing the solvency of the shipping company; plan for changing the terms and standards of ship repair. In all plans, the volume of repairs and the availability of resources limiting the production process are analyzed.Based on the proposed models, the following groups of factors on which the use of the production capacity of the shipyard depends have been identified:1) technical and operational parameters of shipyard units;2) demand for shipyard services in the form of volumes of planned work by type of production activity;3) standards for the use of shipyard capacities;4) the solvency of customers;5) the way of organizing the production process.The method of organizing ship repair is understood as fixing of certain resources of the shipyard units for the fulfillment of planned or additional customer orders. All factors of the first four groups affect the volume of ship repair and other indicators of the production program in termsthe actual or optimal way of organizing production.Key words: shipyard, production capacity, economic and mathematical models, analysis, grouping of factors

Systematization of Material Flows of Natural and Secondary Raw Materials of Phosphorus Industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract The production of elemental phosphorus is a material- and energy-intensive process, which makes it important to improve the technology in order to maximize savings of raw materials and electricity. At the enterprises of the phosphorus industry of Karatau-Zhambyl TIC (territorial-industrial complex) there is an incomplete use of production capacity, which is due both to organizational reasons, and largely due to the properties of commercial phosphorites of the Karatau basin. The decisive factor is the use of mine phosphate rock fines and waste from Karatau-Zhambyl TIC and phosphate plants, previously sent to the dumps. The system approach to the study of interaction of the chemical enterprise with the environment allowed to present mineral flows in the system, accumulation and transformation of matter in the constituent blocks-systems in a new way, to offer a new methodological approach to the system management based on the analysis of its information content; to reveal contradictions in research, design and management processes of ‘Chemical enterprise-environment’ system (ChE-E).