Use Of Probiotics Research Articles

Emerging evidence underscores gut microbiota's role in modulating lung cancer immunotherapy outcomes, though specific impacts on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and associated adverse events (AEs) require further clarity. This review synthesizes findings from 15 studies examining gut microbiota-ICI interactions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), alongside studies investigating antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), probiotics, and diet as modulating factors. Results indicate that Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, and Verrucomicrobiota correlate with positive ICI responses, while Bacillota shows variable associations; notably, Bacillota-enriched patients had fewer immunotherapy-related AEs. The administration of antibiotics and PPIs within a month before ICIs was linked to diminished efficacy, whereas probiotics correlated with enhanced outcomes. Plant-based diets are also aligned with dietary patterns supportive of ICIs. These findings suggest that analyzing gut microbiota composition could improve the ability to predict NSCLC patient responses to ICIs. Additionally, judicious use of antibiotics, PPIs, probiotics, and dietary adjustments may optimize immunotherapy outcomes and mitigate adverse effects.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disease with complex and diverse etiologies. Extrinsic factors such as diet and lifestyle can induce dysbiosis of gut microbes, compromising intestinal barrier integrity and leading to inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby advancing MetS. Probiotic interventions have shown potential in ameliorating gut microbiota dysbiosis and regulating host metabolism by assimilating lipids, metabolizing carbohydrates, and producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), indole compounds, secondary bile acids, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and other active ingredients. An increasing number of new strains are being isolated and validated for their effective roles intervening on MetS in animal and population studies. This review aims to provide updated insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of MetS, highlight the newly identified probiotic strains that have demonstrated improvements in MetS, and elucidate their mechanisms of action, with the aim of offering contemporary perspectives for the future use of probiotics in mitigating MetS.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of probiotics in liver disease in both children and adults, although only a limited number of studies have been conducted. This randomized, triple-blind, placebo‐controlled trial investigated the impact of Lactobacillus sporogenesis on children with cholestatic liver disease. Methods: Children with cholestatic liver disease and no prior use of probiotics were randomly divided into two groups. Fifteen drops of probiotics (L. sporogenesis) and placebo were administered daily to group A (intervention) and group B (placebo), respectively, for four weeks. Basic laboratory data and pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) scores were assessed at baseline and two weeks after completing the probiotic intervention. Results: Fifty-six children were enrolled and followed in group A (n = 28) and group B (n = 28), with biliary atresia and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis being the most common disease etiologies. No statistically significant difference was observed in PELD scores between the two groups before and after the intervention. However, PELD scores decreased in both groups following the intervention, with a significant reduction observed in group A (19.25 ± 9.20 vs. 15.27 ± 8.94) (P = 0.025). Albumin levels significantly decreased in group B (control) during follow-up, while prothrombin international normalized ratio (INR) levels significantly increased in both groups. Conclusions: A four-week trial of L. sporogenesis (probiotics) as a complementary nutritional support showed promising results. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to validate these findings.

The worldwide increasing frequency and severity of multidrug-resistant gastrointestinal (MDR-GI) infections not only raises awareness of the debilities of conventional antibiotic treatments but also highlights the demand for alternative interventions. One of these alternatives is probiotics, harmless bacteria that compete with pathogenic species, which have been considered beneficial due to their therapeutic potential since they strengthen the mucosal barrier and modulate the host immune response. Other natural compounds (e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential oils) present diverse antimicrobial mechanisms, which are promising alternatives to mitigate resistant pathogens. Finally, bacteriophages, viruses that target specific bacteria, constitute a precise approach in which MDR bacteria are lysed or disrupted by the biofilms formed during colonization without compromising the normal gut microbiome. Therefore, the present manuscript provides an integrated perspective on alternative non-antibiotic therapies to manage MDR-GI infections; for this purpose, it covers aspects such as their action mechanisms, current clinical applications, and the challenges that limit their broader application in clinical practice. The potential of combining these approaches or personalizing infection treatments adjusted to patients' microbiome profiles is also discussed, aiming to enhance efficacy and reduce resistance risks. Finally, the importance of continued research and development to optimize these alternatives is also debated, addressing aspects such as the need to surpass regulatory barriers and conducting large-scale clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of these non-antibiotic alternatives. This overview of the current knowledge contributes to the ongoing efforts to develop sustainable strategies to combat MDR-GI infections and reduce the global burden of antibiotic resistance.

Use of probiotics in prevention of chemotherapy induced diarrhea in gastrointestinal cancer patients

This review focuses on the potential utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to deepen our understanding of probiotics, their mode of action, and technological characteristics such as survival. To that end, this review provides an overview of the current knowledge on probiotics as well as next-generation probiotics. AI-aided omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, offer new insights into the genetic and functional properties of probiotics. Furthermore, AI can be used to elucidate key probiotic activities such as microbiota modulation, metabolite production, and immune system interactions to enable an improved understanding of their health impacts. Additionally, AI technologies facilitate precision in identifying probiotic health impacts, including their role in gut health, anticancer activity, and antiaging effects. Beyond health applications, AI can expand the technological use of probiotics, optimizing storage survival and broadening biotechnological approaches. In this context, this review addresses how AI-driven approaches can be facilitated by strengthening the evaluation of probiotic characteristics, explaining their mechanisms of action, and enhancing their technological applications. Moreover, the potential of AI to enhance the precision of probiotic health impact assessments and optimize industrial applications is highlighted, concluding with future perspectives on the transformative role of AI in probiotic research.

In modern dairy cattle nutrition, the primary source of energy consists of rumen-fermentable structural carbohydrates, mainly derived from cereal concentrates (barley, wheat, etc.), which can make up 30–40% of the diet. This is accompanied by a significant increase in the proportion of high-protein and high-energy feed additives and a reduction in the share of bulky forages. However, maintaining high productivity when using concentrate-rich diets is directly associated with negative effects on metabolic processes in the rumen. A promising approach to preventing metabolic diseases, particularly acidosis, and stabilizing rumen function is the use of probiotics, including feed additives based on live yeast strains. This article presents the results of studying the effect of the yeast-based supplement «KLUVER PRO», derived from live strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus, on the productivity and milk quality indicators of high-yielding Holstein cows. The average daily milk yield in the experimental group exceeded the baseline value at the start of the trial by 0.39 kg or 1.42 %, whereas a slight decrease in milk productivity (0.57 kg or 2.08 %) was observed in the control group by the end of the study. The difference in milk yield between the experimental group and the control group amounted to 0.96 kg or 3.57 %.

Animal models are an essential part of translational research for the purpose of improving human health. The pig is a potential human research model that can be used to assess the effects of dietary interventions, pathologies, and drugs on gut health and the microbiome, due to its anatomical and physiological similarity to humans. It is recognised that a healthy gut is closely linked to the prevention of several chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, gastrointestinal inflammation, as well as neurological and cardiovascular diseases. The use of prebiotics and probiotics plays an important role in maintaining a healthy digestive system, which is responsible for modulating all other body functions. The present review focuses on the applications of prebiotics and probiotics in the pig as an animal model in healthy and diseased conditions, in order to highlight the efficacy of these molecules in the perspective of human health outcomes. The data support the use of prebiotics to improve intestinal health in both healthy and diseased states. In addition, the use of human microbiota-associated (HMA) gnotobiotic pigs provided a good model to study the intestinal and systemic immune response and microbiota composition following probiotic supplementation after a vaccine or virus challenge.

BackgroundVibriosis is a deadly illness caused by various species of the Vibrio genus. Due to its high incidence in aquaculture plants, vibriosis is responsible for significant economic losses. Currently, anti-vibriosis treatments rely on antibiotics. However, the global rise in antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of alternative approaches. Novel vaccines and effective probiotics have been proposed as potential alternative to antibiotics in fighting bacterial infections. Here we propose a combined vaccine/probiotic strategy based on the use of probiotic bacterial spores for the oral delivery of Vibrio antigens. Spores of various species of the Bacillus genus are widely used as probiotics and have been shown to efficiently display antigens in a non-recombinant way.ResultsSpores of various probiotic strains were analyzed to assess their effectiveness in displaying a heterologous model protein, and B. megaterium MV30 was identified as the most efficient strain. MV30 spores were then used to display two antigens of Vibrio harveyi, the entire Hsp33 protein of 33 kDa and a 239 amino acids fragment of OmpK (OmpK21/260), identified as the most immunogenic part of the protein. While Hsp33 is a stable protein, OmpK21/260 is unstable at conditions mimicking those encountered in an aquaculture plant and the interaction with MV30 spores reduced such instability. The protective ability of the combined probiotic/vaccination strategy was assayed on Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), as a model. In a challenge experiment with a virulent strain of Vibrio harveyi, a protective effect was observed with MV30 spores alone and such effect was significantly increased when the same spores displayed either one of the two antigens.ConclusionOur results support the use of probiotics and oral vaccines as a valid alternative to antibiotics and point to the application of probiotic spore-based antigen delivery as a novel strategy to fight pathogenic infections.

Effect of probiotics on C-reactive protein levels in schizophrenia: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Therapeutic effects of probiotics on symptoms of irritability/emotional lability associated with neurodevelopmental conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects approximately 10–15% of the global population and imposes a significant burden on healthcare systems and patients’ quality of life. Characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of structural abnormalities, IBS is now increasingly recognized as a multifactorial condition involving gut-brain axis dysregulation, motility disturbances, visceral hypersensitivity, microbial dysbiosis, and immune activation. Among the most modifiable and impactful contributors to symptom generation is diet. This review explores the evolving understanding of dietary influences on IBS pathophysiology and presents a comprehensive summary of evidence-based nutritional interventions. Traditional and emerging dietary strategies—including low FODMAP, gluten-free, fiber-modulated, and lactose/fructose-restricted diets—are assessed for their clinical efficacy and mechanistic insights. Functional food approaches, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, peppermint oil, polyphenols, and low-histamine diets, are also discussed for their therapeutic potential. The review further addresses the integration of personalized nutrition, highlighting the controversial role of food sensitivity testing and the promise of nutrigenomics. It also underscores the importance of combining dietary therapy with lifestyle factors like stress management, physical activity, and cognitive-behavioral support. Clinical guidelines from leading global organizations are reviewed to guide evidence-based practice. In summary, dietary management in IBS is no longer one-size-fits-all but must be individualized, evidence-driven, and holistic. Future research should prioritize long-term outcomes, microbiome-targeted therapies, and precision nutrition.

The Microbiome in Critical Illness.

Phenomenological and mechanistic insights into potential dietary nucleotide - probiotic synergies in layer chickens: A review.

The role of gut microbiota and bacterial translocation in the pathogenesis and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Mechanisms, impacts, and dietary therapeutic strategies.

Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial and Feasibility Study of an Oral Probiotic Intervention to Reduce Group B Streptococcus Colonization in Pregnant People by the Time of Birth.

Advances in understanding therapeutic mechanisms of probiotics in cancer management, with special emphasis on breast cancer: A comprehensive review.

There is no standardized production or regulation for making fermented black carrot juice (shalgam). This study was conducted to address the lack of standardized method and commercially available starter cultures for shalgam production. The present study investigated the use of shalgam-derived presumptive probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei NL1, Pediococcus acidilactici AL9, and Pichia kudriavzevii NM3) as starter cultures in the production of shalgam to improve its usefulness by transforming it into a high value-added product and enriching its presumptive probiotic content. In this context, free and microencapsulated presumptive probiotics were incorporated into the juice prior to the fermentation. The pH value, total acidity, and lactic acid bacteria and yeast counts of the samples were evaluated during fermentation. The use of presumptive probiotic cultures in the free form reduced the fermentation period from 8 to 6 days. Shalgam comprising the free (7.35-8.32 log CFU/mL) and microencapsulated (6.97-8.34 log CFU/g) probiotics maintained the desired cell counts during storage at 4°C for 90 days. Microencapsulation exerted a protective effect on the strains. At the end of storage, the highest phenolic contents were observed in the samples containing L. paracasei NL1 in the free (3415.75mg GAE/L) or microencapsulated (3598.00mg GAE/L) form, whereas the samples containing AL9 and NL1 free cells demonstrated the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical values of 78.30% and 77.81%, respectively. Consequently, the strains demonstrate considerable potential for application in the production of shalgam possessing probiotic properties by improving the bioactivity and sensory properties of the product.

Background and Aim:Heat stress resulting from rising ambient temperatures in tropical climates poses a significant threat to ruminant productivity, leading to suppressed feed intake, impaired growth, and reduced health. Indigenous fermented foods such as dadih – a traditional probiotic made from fermented buffalo milk in bamboo tubes – may offer a sustainable nutritional intervention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dadih supplementation on feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, pathogenic bacterial load, and hematological profiles of heat-stressed Sapera goats.Materials and Methods:The dominant bacterial strain in dadih was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and evaluated for in vitro antagonism against Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. An in vivo trial was conducted using 15 Sapera crossbred goats (15 ± 1.46 kg), randomly allocated into three treatment groups (n = 5): 8 cc dadih/day (Group A), 4 cc/day (Group B), and control (Group C). The trial lasted 4 weeks, during which feed consumption, daily weight gain, feed efficiency (FE), fecal pathogenic bacteria load, and hematological parameters were measured.Results:The probiotic strain was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Japan collection of microorganisms 1149, exhibiting antibacterial activity with inhibition zones of 9.3 mm (E. coli) and 9.5 mm (Salmonella). Goats supplemented with 4 cc dadih (Group B) demonstrated the highest daily weight gain (127.14 g/day), FE (0.15), and nutrient digestibility. A higher dadih dose (8 cc) significantly reduced fecal E. coli levels. Hematological indices remained within normal physiological ranges across all treatments, suggesting no adverse effects.Conclusion:This study provides the first empirical evidence supporting the use of dadih as a climate-adaptive probiotic intervention in goats. Supplementation with 4 cc dadih optimized performance without disrupting hematological homeostasis, while 8 cc effectively suppressed gut pathogens. These findings offer novel insights into the functional role of traditional fermented probiotics in improving resilience to heat stress and promoting sustainable small ruminant production in tropical environments.

Among organ transplant operations, liver transplantation (LTX) has one of the highest risks of postoperative infection. This study aimed to systematically review the current evidence on the use of probiotics and synbiotics in reducing the incidence of postoperative infections in liver transplant recipients. A systematic search was performed to identify studies that investigated the role of probiotics and synbiotics in reducing postoperative infection rates in liver transplant recipients. Eight studies that qualified were included in the review. The results showed that probiotics and synbiotics effectively reduced the overall infection rates in liver transplant patients compared with the placebo or control groups. This positive effect might be attributed to improved intestinal barrier function, gut microbiota restoration, and decreased inflammation. Furthermore, probiotic treatment was associated with shorter durations of antibiotic use and hospital stays. The use of probiotics and synbiotics after LTX holds promise in decreasing postoperative infections and providing substantial advantages for patients. Probiotics have been shown to boost the levels of beneficial bacterial, decrease inflammation, fortify the intestinal barrier, lessen oxidative stress, and improve the generation of anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids. However, more extensive research is needed to identify the most effective probiotic strains and evaluate their effectiveness in this specific patient demographic.