Use Of Private Vehicles Research Articles

A national survey on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on school travel in the US. – Parents perspective

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has considerably influenced school transportation in the United States (US), with conventional bus use declining and private vehicle use growing. It has increased traffic congestion, reliance on private autos, and detrimental air quality and sustainability effects. This study investigates the shift in transport mode preferences among parents during school reopening in 2021, focusing on elementary, middle, and high schools. An online questionnaire was distributed to parents in the U.S. The findings indicate a significant shift in parental transportation choices, with reduced reliance on school buses and increased automobile usage. Elementary school parents' bus percentage declined from 39.7% to 36.4% in Spring 2021, while middle and high school parents showed similar trends. School closures led to a shift to online learning platforms which affected academic achievement, with 15.9%, 15.5%, and 17.0% of students performing below average. In Spring 2021, 50.5% of students on the school bus encountered a delay of 0 to 15 min, while 32.4% suffered a wait of 15 to 30 min. In Fall 2021, 51.7% saw a 0 to 15-minute delay, while 31.2% suffered a 15-to-30-minute delay. Understanding the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on school travel patterns will allow policymakers and transportation planners to develop post-pandemic solutions prioritizing safety, justice, and environmental sustainability for similar events in the future.

ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE EXISTENCE OF SATRIA BUS MASS TRANSPORTATION IN KEDIRI CITY

This research aims to determine public perceptions regarding free city transportation "Satria Bus" in Kediri City, as well as finding out the advantages and disadvantages of this city transportation. The method in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach using observation, interview and documentation study techniques. The validity test used is source triangulation. From the research results, it is known that the public's perception of the Satria Bus is that they are greatly helped by the free facilities provided by the Kediri City government. Satria buses can reduce the number of traffic accidents and reduce people's use of private vehicles which has an impact on reducing congestion. The existence of free buses is very supportive, especially for people in Kediri City as a means of moving from one place to another to carry out activities. This shows that the Satria Bus is very useful for the people in Kediri City. So, the government takes better care of the maintenance of the Satria Bus.

Measurement of public acceptance of TDM policies using combination of public policy acceptance (PPA) and value belief norm (VBN) approach

One strategy to overcome the problem of imbalance between the demand and supply of road transportation that causes congestion is to apply transport demand management (TDM). TDM is a series of transportation policies aimed at achieving sustainable transportation by reducing the use of private vehicles and prioritizing public transport and/or non-motorized vehicles. The level of public acceptance of TDM largely determines the success of TDM implementation. Through the Value Belief Norm Theory approach, it can be seen that public acceptance of TDM policies will be influenced by how high the norm of community partiality towards the environment. The level of public acceptance of a TDM regulation can also be measured by the Public Policy Acceptance (PPA) Model. The results of the study proved that acceptance of TDM strategy implementation was quite significantly influenced by the pro-environment attitude of the community. The PPA model result showed that people tend to be skeptical of the implementation of TDM policies.

Transportation Arrangement as a Basic Plan for Politeknik Negeri Medan to Become an Environmentally Friendly Campus

A green campus becomes one of the approaches to overcoming global warming. The green campus evaluation program currently being conducted by Universitas Indonesia is the UI GreenMetric World University Rankings, and one of the categories is transportation. One of the main contributors to pollution levels and carbon emissions is the transportation sector and is potentially to continue to rise unless sustainable prevention efforts are made. With its limited area, Politeknik Negeri Medan needs a more effective transportation arrangement to make it an environmentally friendly campus. Greenmetric assessments are conducted on existing conditions referring to the UI GreenMetric World University Rankings 2023 Guidelines with several criteria, namely the total number of vehicles (cars and motorcycles) divided by total campus population, shuttle services, zero emission vehicles (ZEV) policy on campus, the total number of zero emission vehicles (ZEV) divided by total campus population, ratio of ground parking area to total campus area, program to limit or decrease the parking area on campus for the last 3 years (from 2020 to 2022), number of initiatives to decrease private vehicles on campus, and pedestrian path on campus. The scoring result in the existing conditions is 725, or only about 40.3% of the total maximum value. GreenMetric scoring will increase to 1250 or 69.4% by implementing solutions for transportation arrangements in Politeknik Negeri Medan. The solutions are the use of access cards to filter unauthorized vehicles into the campus area, providing official vehicles electric cars and bicycles for use in the campus area, reducing the ground parking by making a vertical parking, utilizing buses as shuttle facilities for the academic community around the campus with a certain radius to reduce the use of private vehicles and supplementing existing pedestrian paths according to standards of safety, comfort and disability-friendly aspects by adding handrails, roof covers, directions, ramps for disabilities.

Analisis Efektifitas Jalur Khusus Sepeda di Jalan A. P. Pettarani Kota Makassar

In Makassar City, transportation plays an important role in improving population mobility. This increase in mobility in Makassar City has resulted in the use of private vehicles for transportation, which has a number of disadvantages. Bicycle facilities, on the other hand, remain ineffective due to bicycle lanes deemed unsafe from motorized vehicles, poor pavement, and a lack of bicycle signage. The issue raised is also a research topic, namely, how effective is the implementation of bicycle lanes in the Makassar City area? The collection of data on Jalan A. P. Pettarani is one of the study's limitations. Effectiveness is calculated using the BLOS (Bicycle Level of Service) methodology. The BLOS value of 2.94 on Jalan A. P. Pettarani was in the range of 2.5–3.5, rated C, showing that the route was less effective for bicycles. When traffic volume is low or road conditions are described as quiet, add protection for bicycle lanes with speed bumps (Type-A Bicycle Lane) to increase the BLOS value..

Changes in emerging mobility tool adoption: A path towards sustainability?

Emerging mobility technologies, such as car sharing, ride hailing, bike sharing, and telework have led to aspirations of sustainable transportation. But how quickly are emerging mobility tools adopted? Who is adopting them? And are they likely to replace private vehicle use? This study addresses these questions using descriptive statistics and inferential models with repeated cross-sectional data from the Southern Ontario, Canada. Findings indicate that emerging mobility tool use grew between 2016 and 2021 – especially for ride hailing and telework. In the wake of the pandemic, users experimented and there were market changes. However, evidence on the potential for emerging mobility tools to lead to sustainable transportation is underwhelming. In turn, this questions as to whether emerging mobility tools should be core components of climate policy or whether they are most compelling based on a choice-based rationale for transportation policy – wherein choice is of central public value.

Impact of battery electric vehicle usage on air quality in three Chinese first-tier cities.

China, the world leader in automobile production and sales, confronts the challenge of transportation emissions, which account for roughly 10% of its total carbon emissions. This study, utilizing real-world vehicle data from three major Chinese cities, assesses the impact of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) on air quality. Our analysis reveals that BEVs, when replacing gasoline vehicles in their operational phase, significantly reduce emissions, with reductions ranging from 8.72 to 85.71kg of CO2 per vehicle monthly. The average monthly reduction rate is 9.47%, though this effect is less pronounced during winter. Advanced BEVs, characterized by higher efficiency and newer technology, exhibit greater emission reduction benefits. While private BEVs generally contribute positively to environmental outcomes, taxi BEVs, due to their intensive usage patterns, show less environmental advantage and may sometimes worsen air quality. Looking ahead, we project substantial emission reductions from the replacement of gasoline vehicles with electric alternatives over the next decade. Policymakers are urged to adopt proactive measures, focusing on promoting medium to large electric vehicles and fostering the use of private and ride-hailing electric vehicles.

Increasing Community Satisfaction through the Free School Transport Subsidy Program

One form of public service the community needs is transportation services. However, public transportation (city transportation) tends to be abandoned by the public due to the minimal service provided by city transportation operators. Seeing the low and uneven condition of city transportation services influences students who prefer private vehicles to go to school rather than city transportation. Many underprivileged school students need the means to use private vehicles. Besides that, the high use of private vehicles, especially motorbikes, causes increasingly high traffic violations and accidents. Responding to this phenomenon, the Pasuruan Regency Government and the Pasuruan Regency Transportation Service provided free school transportation facilities. In implementing the free school transportation service, its effectiveness needs to be measured using indicators from Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation and Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 29 of 2015, which consistof security, safety, comfort, affordability, and equality. , and regularity. Therefore, this research raises a problem formulation regarding the effectiveness of free school transportation services by the Pasuruan Regency Transportation Service. This typeof research is descriptive qualitative, and it was conducted at Free School Transport using questionnaire, observation, and interview data collection techniques. The sampling technique used in this research was incidental. The sample used was 201 free school transportation passengers. Data analysis techniques used in this research include qualitative and descriptive data analysis. From the results of this research, it was concluded that the free school transportation service by the Pasuruan Regency Transportation Service was running well. However, improvements were needed in several aspects that were deemed to be lacking in service.

Avoiding Man-made Disasters using Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)-Strategy: Case of Namma Metro, Bengaluru

The use of private cars and vehicles clogs the roads and leads to accidents, congestion and road rage which are man-made disasters. One of the most important urban planning techniques to avoid disaster and to develop livable, productive and sustainable communities is Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), strong transit infrastructure, diverse land uses, higher-density development, walkable urban design, bicycle-friendly amenities, affordable housing and creative parking management which are just a few of the many components that make up TOD. These elements support the transition from car-centric urban design to more equitable and sustainable community development. Zoning and land use regulations, public-private partnerships, transit enhancements, community involvement, design principles, economic development programs, affordable housing policies, green and sustainable design techniques and the creation of TOD-specific zoning districts are some of the tactics used to implement TOD. The goal of these tactics is to develop thriving, economically sound communities that are oriented around effective public transit networks. For successful implementation of TOD projects, a detailed study at the city level, area level and nodal level has to be carried out. In this study, two metro stations at MG Road and Indiranagar, Bengaluru, India are considered and have been studied at baseline level for checking and considering TOD implementation based on the scoring method. Scoring based on primary data, spatial data and a revised master plan of Bengaluru has been carried out. Both the stations have obtained a score of 80% and 88% respectively. The score indicates that both stations are likely to consider and implement the TOD at this nodal level.

Strategy to reduce the use of private cars and motorbikes to the Universitas Andalas campus, Limau Manih Padang, to support the Green Campus Program

The United Nation states that vehicle fuel gas emissions from the transportation sector are a significant contributor to global warming. One of the preventative steps that universities can take is to limit the use of vehicles to and within the campus environment. Andalas University as one of the largest campuses in West Sumatra is very interested in taking an active role in reducing vehicle fuel gas emissions. The first aim of this research is to observe the ratio of vehicles entering campus to the campus population, and calculate the percentage reduction in private vehicle use, in order to increase the UI green metric level. Second, identifying potential private vehicle users who will switch to using Trans Padang public transportation. Traffic volume data collection is carried out using video recordings. A questionnaire interview survey was also carried out to analyze the campus population's preference for switching to public transportation. The survey results show that the volume of vehicles entering campus is more than twelve thousand vehicles. To achieve an increase in the value of one level of the UI green metric requires a reduction in private vehicles of 63.4%. The results of the chi-square test for the variables of employment, private vehicle ownership, and monthly income influence the variable frequency of private vehicle use. Users of motorbikes, private cars, online taxis and paratransit wish to shift mode using Trans Padang, and conventional motorcycle taxi users really wish to shift mode using Trans Padang.

Introducing shared, electric, autonomous vehicles (SAEVs) in sub-urban zones: Simulating the case of Vienna

Shared, autonomous electric vehicles (SAEVs) are expected to enter the market in the coming decades. Using MATSim, we simulate a use case where SAEVs are introduced in multiple suburban zones at the outskirts of Vienna (Austria), which are characterized by relatively low population density, but have access to at least one rail-based public transport stop. For all combinations of different fleet sizes and fare levels, we find that a relatively small share of car trips by residents of these zones (7%–14%) are replaced by SAEVs, generating CO2 emissions reductions of 5%–11%. Moreover, 23%–35% of trips previously undertaken by foot or bicycle are replaced by SAEVs, as well as 10%–20% of public transport trips. The potential of SAEVs to reduce the use and ownership of private vehicles in suburban areas therefore seems to be rather limited, which is also reflected in our finding that one SAEV usually replaces only 2–4 private vehicles. The potential becomes somewhat larger when the usage and ownership of private cars is assumed to become more expensive, leading to 17%–20% of car trips being replaced by SAEVs and generating CO2 emissions reductions of up to 32%.

Dampak Sosial dan Ekonomi Minimnya Angkutan Umum Terhadap Masyarakat Kota Palangka Raya

This research examines the social and economic impacts of the lack of public transport on the people of Palangkaraya City. The lack of public transport in the city has become a major impediment to mobility, resulting in higher living costs and longer travel times. Using qualitative methods, this study evaluates how the lack of public transport affects the daily lives of residents, including access to employment, and education.The results show that the lack of public transit has led to increased use of private vehicles, which contributes to traffic congestion and air pollution. In addition, low-income residents who cannot afford private vehicles or pay expensive transportation fares become isolated and experience greater economic hardship. Based on this research we recommend improving public transport infrastructure, developing more efficient routes and schedules, and subsidizing fares for low-income groups. In addition, cooperation between the government, private sector, and civil society is needed to create sustainable and inclusive transportation solutions. mproving the public transport system is expected to improve the quality of life of Palangkaraya citizens and support more balanced economic growth.

Shortening Door-to-Balloon Time: The Use of Ambulance versus Private Vehicle for Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Time is critical when dealing with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients in the Emergency Department (ED), as 90 min is crucial for overall health. Using non-EMS transportation for critical patients, such as patients with acute myocardial infarction, to a hospital might delay the rapid identification of the underlying medical disease and initiating definitive treatment. We aim to evaluate the association between the mode of transportation and the D2B time in patients presenting at the ED with AMI. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with patients who presented at ED with AMI and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The participants were patients with confirmed AMI at the ED of King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) from January 2019 to December 2019. In total, 162 AMI patients were enrolled in the study and divided based on the method of transportation. Less than half (n=65, 40.1%) were transported with an ambulance and 97 (59.9%) patients with a private car. The door-to-balloon (D2B) time for the ambulance group was 93.6±38.31 minutes, and the private car group was 93.8±30.88 minutes. There was no statistical significance when comparing the D2B time between the private car group and the ambulance group (P = 0.1870). Finally, ambulance transport significantly shortened the time to first ED physician contact. However, it was not associated with shortened D2B time when compared to private vehicle transport.

RUJATRANS Application (Android-based Public Transportation Travel Route Information) using Waterfall Model

This research aims to help the public to provide public transportation information. By using this application, it is hoped that people can choose the right and efficient transportation to travel. Rujatrans (public transportation travel route information) uses waterfall model. The system includes an Android mobile app, which allows users to search for the right and efficient transport travel route while traveling. The four phases of the system are data collection, design, implementation, and testing. The system provides a user- friendly interface to provide public transport travel routes efficiently. This study uses a structured and iterative approach, resulting in solutions when you want to travel using public transportation that meets user needs. Rujatrans can provide solutions to reduce the use of private vehicles so as to reduce congestion on the highway.

Enhancing the pedestrian environment and walking willingness around mass rapid transit (MRT) stations in Asian cities – an empirical study of Taipei

ABSTRACT Asian cities have promoted TOD to increase MRT use and decrease private vehicle use. A crucial factor in achieving this goal is improving the pedestrian environment, which can increase people's willingness to walk to MRT stations. This paper analyses how Asian cities have improved the pedestrian environment around MRT stations and the factors influencing walking willingness by reviewing literature and taking Taipei as the empirical area. The results demonstrated that reducing obstacles in pedestrian space, evening the pavement, using transparent window displays in stores along the pavement, and constructing rain shelters can increase people's willingness to walk. The simulations of improved environments can provide references for countries improving the pedestrian environment. The contribution and innovation are to point out the differences in the motivation and goals of TOD in Asian and Western cities and propose improvements to increase people's willingness to walk to achieve TOD's goals.

Evaluasi Kinerja Operasional Bus Trans Banyumas pada Koridor 1 Pasar Pon – Terminal Ajibarang

The Trans Banyumas Bus is a mode of mass transportation owned by the Banyumas Regency Transportation Agency which is managed by PT. Banyumas Raya Transportation with the Buy The Service (BTS) system.. It is hoped that this mode of transportation can reduce the use of private vehicles so as to reduce the level of traffic density. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of operational performance of Trans Banyumas corridor 1 buses in terms of load factor, headway, circulation time, travel speed, downtime and availability of transport and then compared with the minimum service standards contained in the Decree of the Director General of Land Transportation Number 687 year 2002, Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 10. Year 2012, and Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 98. Year 2013. This research was conducted using dynamic survey methods and static surveys which were carried out on Sunday, 17 July 2022 and Wednesday, 20 July 2022 starting at 05.00 am until 09.00 pm. From the research results on the two survey days, the operational performance results for each indicator reviewed and which met the minimum service standards were circulation time, travel speed, downtime and transportation availability. Meanwhile, the operational performance indicators that have not met the minimum service standards are load factor and headway. So of the six indicators reviewed, two of them have not met the minimum service standards based on the Decree of the Director General of Land Transportation No. 687 of 2002, Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 10. Year 2012, and Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 98. Year 2013.

Green and Sustainability Issues on Digital Marketing Communication on Gcash Philippines

In the wake of COVID-19, the rise of remote work has led to a significant increase in private vehicle ownership among Filipinos. This trend poses a significant challenge for sustainability and environmental preservation. This study examines how Gcash Philippines, through its Instagram account @Gcashofficial, is addressing this issue by promoting sustainable practices and actions. This research utilizes content analysis to examine posts on @Gcashofficial over a one-year period (2023-2024). The analysis focuses on messages related to sustainability development - including preservation, communication, and action - and how these messages relate to the problem of increased private vehicle ownership. The study reveals that @Gcashofficial is actively promoting sustainable practices as a response to growing environmental concerns linked with increased private vehicle use. Notably, it was found that owning a private vehicle is often portrayed as a significant contributor to future air pollution issues. These findings have critical implications for both policy-makers and businesses alike. For policy-makers, understanding how digital platforms can be used effectively for sustainability

Impacts of COVID-19 on Travel Behaviors: The Case of Izmir

With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, passenger preferences for transportation modes and transportation management strategies have rapidly changed in the last few years. In this study, field research was conducted to reveal the behaviors and perceptions of passengers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Izmir city of Turkey. A total of 1437 participants were asked to evaluate the pre and during pandemic periods with their frequency of use for different types of transportation modes in Izmir. When the results of the study were evaluated holistically, it was revealed that the participants used environmentally friendly transportation modes such as bicycles and e-bikes more than before the pandemic and that they wanted to use them after the pandemic. Despite this, it is seen that the use of taxis and private vehicles has increased during the pandemic, especially for long-distance trips, and the use of public transport and light rail systems (LRS) in general has decreased. Nearly half of respondents (49.7%) said bus drivers did not use adequate protective equipment during the pandemic. In addition, 41.1% of the participants stated that the HES code application was not applied adequately in public transportation. In the study, it was also revealed that the practice of reducing the number of operational public transport vehicles during the pandemic was found to be negative by the participants.

ANALISA PEMBOROSAN BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK AKIBAT KEMACETAN PADA RUAS JALAN DI KOTA MATARAM (STUDI KASUS JALAN DR. WAHIDIN REMBIGA KOTA MATARAM)

The increase in the population of Mataram City resulted in an increase in traffic volume, due to the increase in the use of private vehicles for various community activities. This is the cause of traffic problems, especially congestion on several road sections, one of which is the Rembiga Road Section. Congestion causes losses to road users, judging from the use of vehicle fuel oil. In connection with this problem, research was conducted with the aim of finding out how much waste of fuel oil caused by congestion. Analysis of vehicle fuel oil consumption using PdT-15-2005-B Highways guidelines and analysis of vehicle fuel oil waste by determining the difference in the value of fuel oil consumption, congestion current conditions and free flow conditions. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the value of fuel oil waste on Monday 341 lt / km / day with fuel costs of Rp. 3,242,056.00 / km / day, Saturday 240 lt / km / day (Rp. 2,294,864.00 / km / day) and Sunday 135 lt / km / day (Rp. 1,296,993.00 / km / day). On Monday there is a high waste of fuel oil due to rush hour heavy traffic volume and high level of side obstacles, so travel time increases due to low vehicle speed.

Sustainability analysis framework for on-demand public transit systems

There is an increased interest from transit agencies to replace fixed-route transit services with on-demand public transits (ODT). However, it is still unclear when and where such a service is efficient and sustainable. To this end, we provide a comprehensive framework for assessing the sustainability of ODT systems from the perspective of overall efficiency, environmental footprint, and social equity and inclusion. The proposed framework is illustrated by applying it to the Town of Innisfil, Ontario, where an ODT system has been implemented since 2017. It can be concluded that when there is adequate supply and no surge pricing, crowdsourced ODTs are the most cost-effective transit system when the demand is below 3.37 riders/km2/day. With surge pricing applied to crowdsourced ODTs, hybrid systems become the most cost-effective transit solution when demand ranges between 1.18 and 3.37 riders/km2/day. The use of private vehicles is more environmentally sustainable than providing public transit service at all demand levels below 3.37 riders/km2/day. However, the electrification of the public transit fleet along with optimized charging strategies can reduce total yearly GHG emissions by more than 98%. Furthermore, transit systems have similar equity distributions for waiting and in-vehicle travel times.