Use Of Natural Ventilation Research Articles

Natural Ventilation Optimization Study in Mechanically Ventilated Studio Apartment Room in Surabaya

After Covid-19, residential has become the main space for every activity, including work, education, and leisure. Therefore, comfort in residential space is crucial to the occupant. As researchers have found traces, that the virus is airborne, the air quality in the residence must be highlighted, especially for people who live in a centralized cooling system residence. When the cooling system is well maintained, there is no significant risk of viral transmission, but not all residential building has HEPA-filters, nor a well-maintained system. This research focuses on the studio room apartment unit, as it has the smallest opening area compared to other room types. A small one-sided opening is not ideal for the wind to move throughout the room. A few design suggestion is simulated under three air-flow speed, to prove that natural ventilation is possible to be adapted, to reach comfort while minimizing the risk of viral transmission. The result is, the indoor wind speed can be enhanced the most at the overall unit area by modifying the fixed window to an operable window, giving upper horizontal opening in the wall across the existing opening, and using gauze doors on both door openings. The furniture layout is proved to affect wind distribution in the room. This research can also serve as an alternative strategy to optimize the use of natural ventilation to decrease energy use for cooling in the tropic area, after the pandemic. © 2021 Tamkang University. All rights reserved.

Preliminary Experimental Assessment of Building Envelope Integrated Ventilative Cooling design

To minimize energy consumption, high-performance buildings are being built with highly insulated and airtight building envelopes, high-performance glazing and efficient mechanical systems. But it has been observed that these buildings are prone to an overheating problem during the summertime. Literature suggests a ventilative cooling method, which is the use of natural ventilation for space cooling, as an ideal system for energy saving and overheating prevention. In this study, the behaviour of a building envelope integrated ventilative cooling (EV wall) design is experimentally studied to assess its cooling potential and ventilation capacity. The EV wall design has an opening at the bottom of the wall that allows ventilative air exchange between the indoor and the outdoor through the cavity behind the cladding. The suction pressure created by the buoyancy effect in the wall cavity drives the ventilation air. The experimental assessment has shown that there are two distinct night-time and day-time flows driven by indoor/outdoor temperature difference and solar radiation respectively. This preliminary study indicated the huge potential of ventilative cooling design and ways to further enhance the EV wall performance. For future studies, the EV wall will be considered by implementing an opening control system in a naturally ventilated building.

Difference of cooling use during sleep between elderly and young people

In Japan, nearly 80% of heatstroke occurrences in recent years have involved people older than 65 years old. This study surveyed the actual use of cooling by elderly people at sleep time compared to those found for younger people. Results revealed the followings.1) Ratios of cooling use at sleep time were 30.8% for elderly people and 57.4% for younger people. The respective ratios of natural ventilation use at sleep time were 39.9% and 32.4%.2) Average wet bulb globe temperatures (WBGTs) of bed rooms during sleep were 26.9°C for elderly people and 26.4°C for younger people. 3) Elderly people feel warmer than younger people but they feel more thermally comfortable. 4) Sleep scores were 49.7 for elderly people and 48.5 for younger people. No difference was found for the frequency of night waking or the Sleep maintenance score, but the Fatigue recovery score showed the greatest difference between elderly and younger people.

Thermal comfort assessment of naturally ventilated public hospital wards in the tropics

Natural ventilation, which is a common method used in tropical climate countries, can provide a high rate of airflow to maintain good indoor air quality and thermal comfort. However, the use of natural ventilation alone as passive cooling strategy is insufficient to improve indoor thermal environment. Thus, this study aims to determine the existing thermal comfort conditions in a naturally ventilated public hospital ward by using three methods: simulation works, objective measurements and field surveys. The combination of all these methods in measuring thermal comfort is essential in acquiring the most accurate results and has yet to be implemented in any public hospital in the tropics on the basis of the literature review conducted. The simulation results presented that more than half of the total occupants in the ward feel discomfort, with a predicted mean vote (PMV) between 1.0 and 1.6 and a predicted percentage of dissatisfied between 40% and 56%. On-site measurements recorded the same PMV reading, indicating slightly warm and warm, on the basis of the ASHRAE Standard 55 assessment scale. By contrast, the results of the survey questionnaire showed a different perception of the occupants, with 82% of the respondents voting in the range of warm to hot scale. The thermal conditions in the naturally ventilated ward studied for two months in 2020 were found to be uncomfortable and required further improvement. Knowledge of the climatic characteristics and the current state of the indoor thermal environment will help the building owners strategise an appropriate bioclimatic design approach.

Field study on adaptive thermal comfort models for nursing homes in the Mediterranean climate

Nursing homes are designed and operated to meet general thermal specifications outlined by existing standards. This paper presents adaptive thermal comfort models for nursing homes based on the field survey administered in 100 common rooms of five nursing homes in the Mediterranean climate. The survey included simultaneous measurements of outdoor and indoor environmental parameters and an assessment of the occupants’ thermal comfort sensations using questionnaires. In total, 1,921 subjective questionnaires were obtained. The analysis focused on: Building Operation Mode (naturally ventilated and air-conditioned mode (cooling and heating)); and type of occupant (residents and non-residents (caregivers and therapists)). In naturally ventilated rooms residents were found to be more adaptive than what EN and ASHRAE 55:2020 standards propose (Tc (naturally ventilated) = 0.26 Trm + 18.83 (R2 = 0.81)). Residents in air-conditioned rooms were found to be less sensitive to outdoor conditions (Tc (air-conditioned) = 0.16Trm + 20.41 (R2 = 0,91)) than in naturally ventilated rooms. Both adaptive thermal models fall in limits set by these standards but in the lower acceptable levels. These adaptive thermal comfort models for nursing homes will allow extending the use of natural ventilation and the adoption of setpoint temperatures when air-conditioning is needed with the consequent reduction of heating and cooling use.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the indoor air of intensive care unit (ICU) for severe COVID-19 patients and its surroundings: considering the role of environmental conditions.

There is ambiguity about the airborne transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. While a distance of 6 feet is considered a safe physical distance, new findings show that the virus can be transmitted more than that distance and cause infection. In hospitals, this may cause the virus to be transmitted from the treatment wards of COVID-19 patients to adjacent wards and infect medical staff, non-COVID-19 patients, and patient companions. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of coronavirus in the air of ICU and adjacent wards. The low volume sampler (LVS) with two separate inlets for PM2.5 and PM10 was applied to collect indoor air of intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed COVID- 19 patients and its surroundings. The samples were collected on 0.3μ PTFE filter fitted to the holder. Sampling was done at flow rate of 16.7 l/min for 24 h. The SRAS-CoV-2 virus was isolated using a SinaPure™ Virus Extraction Kit (SINACLON, Iran). The presence of SARS-CoV-2 genome was assessed using a commercially available SARS-CoV-2 Test Kit (Pishtaz-Iran), according to the manufacturer’s instructions using One Step plus Real-Time PCR system tool (Applied Biosystems, USA). A total of sixteen samples were taken, and the positive test rate for SRAS-CoV-2 was 12.5 % (2/16). All samples from surrounding (rest room and hallway) were negative, but two air samples from indoor of ICU (next to the patient bed and nursing station) were found to be positive. The results support the possibility of transmitting the SRAS-CoV-2 through the air at a greater distance than what is known as a safe physical distance. Therefore, in addition to maintaining a safe physical distance, other precautions including wearing a face mask, preventing air recirculation, and maximizing the use of natural ventilation should be considered, especially in crowded and enclosed environments.Graphical abstract Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-021-16010-x.

Approximation of the parameters of air outflow from the hole to simulate natural air exchange

Although natural ventilation has low efficiency and stability, its simulation remains relevant today. First, most of the legacy buildings are naturally ventilated. Secondly, production facilities with powerful heat emissions are designed precisely with the use of natural ventilation – aeration. After all, the air exchange in them is too great to provide it with mechanical systems. Finally, it is impractical to utilize the heat of the exhaust air due to the lack of close consumers of low-grade heat. Previously, when calculating aeration, only the value of the coefficient of the flow rate of holes in the self-similar area was used for the calculated parameters of the indoor and outdoor air. Modern approaches require modeling air exchange under variable internal and external conditions, under which air exchange can take arbitrarily small values. In this case, the mode of operation of the holes goes beyond the self-similar area. The most versatile is the Altshul chart. The diagram was built before the advent of powerful computers. Therefore, obtaining sufficiently accurate approximations of complex curves was a very time consuming task. In most cases, builds were done manually. At the same time, in the region of a small Reynolds number, a significant underestimation of the experimental data is noticeable Computer calculations cannot be based on graphical data and requires a mathematical description. However, Altshul provided only a formula describing a fairly narrow range. In this paper, an approximation of the experimental data is proposed. The regions for which experimental data are absent are described on the basis of the assumptions made in this work. The results make it possible to simulate natural air exchange in the widest possible range of external factors.

Study of natural ventilation on communal space in co-living at Setiabudi

Natural ventilation is the process of replacing air in the room with fresh air from outside the room without the help of mechanical equipment. The use of natural ventilation in a building in addition to producing healthier and more comfortable spaces can also increase energy efficiency. The shape of the building and the position of the openings determine the natural ventilation operation method. The principle of ventilation shows how the exterior and interior air flow is connected. Kleiven in his thesis entitled Natural Ventilation in Buildings (2003) revealed that there are 3 principles of natural ventilation. Those are single sided ventilation, cross ventilation, and stack ventilation. [10].Setiabudi is a subdistrict in South Jakarta and located within Golden Triangle of Jakarta (SegitigaEmas Jakarta), a triangular area of business and commercial establishments in Jakarta. Setiabudi Subdistrict is bounded by Cideng River - MentengPulo Road - a water channel to the east, a flood channel to the north, JenderalSudirman main road to the west, and JenderalGatotSubroto main road to the south.The latitude of Setiabudi, South Jakarta City, Jakarta, Indonesia is -6.213519, and the longitude is 106.822266. Setiabudi, South Jakarta City, Jakarta, Indonesia is located at Indonesia country in the Districts place category with the GPS coordinates of 6° 12′ 48.6684″ S and 106° 49′ 20.1576″ E.

Building Information Modeling approach to optimize energy efficiency in educational buildings

The high amount of energy consumption demanded by buildings entails the worsening of several environmental issues. Therefore, actions to make use of this resource more efficient become necessary. The most used methods of Building Energy Modeling (BEM) designated to assess the functionality of such actions are excessively complex and, in many cases, generate unreliable results. Thus, this work aims to elaborate an approach based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) to improve energy efficiency in buildings in a simplified and user-oriented manner. For this purpose, a case study was developed in which two classrooms of an educational building, located in the Amazon region – Brazil, were subjected to three-dimensional modeling and energy simulations in BIM software. In addition to evaluating the classrooms’ current performance regarding daylight, thermal conditions and energy consumption, such simulations intended to assess the implantation of two strategies that sought to reduce energy consumption and maintain thermal and visual comfort by taking advantage of daylight and natural ventilation. Besides of energy saving, such strategies were chosen as they promote Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) and help to mitigate the indoor transmission of infectious agents, which is fundamental due to the COVID-19 pandemic scenario, especially in educational environments. The results showed that the strategy based on daylight contribution generated energy savings of around 8% for one of the rooms, and 12% for the other, while the one that exploited the use of natural ventilation was able to reduce energy consumption by about 7% for one of the rooms, and 9% for the other. Therefore, this research presents an important contribution as it provides an intelligible workflow that makes the energy simulation process friendlier and more intuitive and that was able to generate plausible results using BIM-BEM interoperability.

Impact of air quality on students’ behavior in the Educational Centers

Air pollution of indoor and outdoor environments is one of the most important environmental problems in metropolises and industrial cities. The study explores the effects of air quality on the well-being of students at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran. The sampling of the particles was carried out in four seasons in 2017–2018. The concentration of PM≥11, PM7-11, PM4.7–7, PM3.3–4.7, PM2.1–3.3, PM1.1–2.1, PM0.7–1.1, PM0.4–0.7 and PM≤0.4 in inside and outside building was evaluated simultaneously using a direct measurement device. The length of each collection period varied from 6 to 72 h. The samples were studied by SEM/EDS and imaging was performed and the surface of particles. The effects of air quality on students were collected using a questionnaire. Based on the results, there was cough, throat irritation and psychological problems for students, especially those with asthma and respiratory problems. There were more symptoms during the summer and autumn. The life of the building, the use of natural ventilation and inadequate cooling devices are the main factor in increasing the concentration of indoor particles in the educational building. According to the result of sampling in the outside environment, the highest concentration of the particles occurred in summer and the lowest concentration in spring and winter. Due to the presence of natural ventilation in the spring and summer seasons, the trend of variation of the concentration inside the building was similar to the outside.

Design-based natural ventilation cooling potential evaluation for buildings in China

Natural ventilation is generally accepted as an innovative green building design strategy and an effective sustainable option. The purpose of the study is to identify where and when the use of natural ventilation cooling can be considered in the predesign programming stage and conceptual building design stage in China. Quantitative evaluations are valued during these stages because the building form determines, in no small measure, the performance of natural ventilation. An ISO-standardized energy performance calculator incorporating a dedicated controllable ventilation model is then proposed as a “pre-evaluation” tool before the design performance modelling stage. Six scenarios in 100 cities under five standards are analysed, including hybrid ventilation with a night-purge ventilation strategy and pure natural ventilation with a window opening strategy. The potential is estimated based on weather, relative humidity, target air change rate, fresh air supply mode, building configuration, and set point schedule which considering night and weekend indirect cooling. For an annual hybrid ventilation conditioned building, Kunming is proposed as a top priority for building site selection among 100 cities. During particular seasons, different climate zones show stark cooling effectiveness, and 60–100% of the cooling demands can be satisfied. For a purely natural-ventilated building, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau and the east of Inner Mongolian Plateau are recommended. Three of 35 observed cities can be satisfied totally by natural ventilation cooling. The necessary generic provisions in terms of control logic are derived and can be used to guide specific design choices. The findings also provide guidelines for adapting Chinese building codes to raise awareness of natural ventilation options.

Study on Natural Ventilation Design Method of Residential Buildings in Summer and Winter Areas based on the computer technology

The rational use of natural ventilation in buildings in hot summer and warm winter areas is an effective measure to achieve building energy conservation and create a healthy living environment. This paper points out the importance of natural ventilation for building energy saving in hot summer and warm winter areas, focusing on some ideas of building natural ventilation and energy saving design in summer hot and warm winter area and puts forward some improvement strategies to build natural buildings in summer hot and warm winter areas to provide reference for ventilation and energy saving design with the help of computer.

ОЦЕНКА ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ ИНВЕРСИЙ ПРИ ОТКРЫТОЙ ДОБЫЧЕ ПОЛЕЗНЫХ ИСКОПАЕМЫХ В УСЛОВИЯХ АРКТИКИ

The article presents the results of studies on the study of the effect of temperature in-versions on the efficiency of ventilation of a quarry space. It was found that a negative tem-perature difference leads to cooling of the surface air layers, which can cause the accumula-tion of cooled air masses in the lower part of the open pit and a decrease in the intensity of air exchange. It is shown that the assessment of the peculiarities of the formation of the pa-rameters of the mine atmosphere and the substantiation of the boundaries of the use of natu-ral ventilation of gold-ore quarries, taking into account the steady-state temperature gradi-ent, can be carried out using mathematical modeling based on the Ansys Fluent software package.

Assessment of the Impact of Occupants’ Behavior and Climate Change on Heating and Cooling Energy Needs of Buildings

Energy performance of buildings is a worldwide increasing investigated field, due to ever more stringent energy standards aimed at reducing the buildings’ impact on the environment. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact that occupant behavior and climate change have on the heating and cooling needs of residential buildings. With this aim, data of a questionnaire survey delivered in Southern Italy were used to obtain daily use profiles of natural ventilation, heating, and cooling, both in winter and in summer. Three climatic scenarios were investigated: The current scenario (2020), and two future scenarios (2050 and 2080). The CCWorldWeatherGen tool was used to create the weather files of future climate scenarios, and DesignBuilder was applied to conduct dynamic energy simulations. Firstly, the results obtained for 2020 demonstrated how the occupants’ preferences related to the use of natural ventilation, heating, and cooling systems (daily schedules and temperature setpoints) impact on energy needs. Heating energy needs appeared more affected by the heating schedules, while cooling energy needs were mostly influenced by both natural ventilation and usage schedules. Secondly, due to the temperature rise, substantial decrements of the energy needs for heating and increments of cooling energy needs were observed in all the future scenarios where in addition, the impact of occupant behavior appeared amplified.

Can we learn from heritage buildings to achieve nearly zero energy building and thermal comfort? A case study in a hot climate

ABSTRACT Heritage buildings were built in a period when energy equipment for cooling and heating did not exist. This research focuses on the way in which we could benefit from such constructions to impact today's buildings and society. The investigation will consider a number of elements such as thermal mass, day-lighting and thermal comfort in comparison with a new simulated building which has the same design as the Heritage one. The research was conducted using the energy simulation tool TAS EDSL and on site measurement. In addition to that, an advanced thermal imaging camera was used in the study of physical characteristics of the building. The study revealed that applying methods of Heritage buildings to modern buildings, such as the use of thermal mass and natural ventilation, can have a considerable impact on energy consumption and thermal comfort for users. It can reduce indoor temperature up to 5°C. It was also found that the use of natural ventilation is linked to indoor thermal comfort. Large area of glazing is recommended to be used in such region when it is applied in the proper way.

Temelji naravnega prezračevanja stavb

When environmental factors, such as the microclimate, in-depth knowledge is important in understanding spatial issues related to health. We spend most of the day indoors, so ventilation conditions are especially important, given their impact on our well-being, satisfaction, productivity, and health. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of modern methods of ventilation of individual indoor spaces with special attention paid to natural ventilation. The key questions raised for this purpose are: What systems are in use today, what are their shortcomings and the challenges that we face, how had the problem of ventilation been addressed in the past, and how can traditional knowledge be applied in modern architecture? To be able to answer this, clear physical laws must be defined. The article presents the standard methods of ventilation of buildings around the world and gives suggestions for their use in the design of quality and sustainably designed open and closed spaces (buildings and their indoor spaces). Examples of the use of natural ventilation and samples of combining established ventilation principles, considering the legality of microclimatic factors, with modern technologies of mechanical ventilation and permeable facade systems are collected. The core of the article refers to the question: What are the possibilities for the ventilation of buildings that ensure the appropriate indoor air quality while simultaneously allowing for the ambient integration with the natural environment?

Importance of Behavioral Adjustments for Adaptive Thermal Comfort in a Condominium with HEMS System

The energy use in residential dwellings has been increasing due to increasing use of modern electric appliances to make the lifestyle easier, entertaining and better. One of the major purposes of indoor energy use is for improving indoor thermal environment for adjusting thermal comfort. Along with the use of passive means like the use of mechanical devices, the occupants in any dwellings use active means such as the use of natural ventilation, window opening, and clothing adjustment. In fact, the use of active means when the outdoor environment is good enough might be more suitable to improve indoor thermal environment than the use of mechanical air conditioning units, which necessarily require electricity. Therefore, the people in developing countries like Nepal need to understand to what extent the occupants can use active means to manage their own indoor thermal comfort. The use of active means during good outdoor environment might be an effective way to manage increasing energy demand in the future. We have made a field survey on the occupants’ adaptive behaviors for thermal comfort in a Japanese condominium equipped with Home Energy Management System (HEMS). Online questionnaire survey was conducted in a condominium with 356 families from November 2015 to October 2016 to understand the occupants’ behaviors. The number of 17036 votes from 39 families was collected. The indoor air temperature, relative humidity and illuminance were measured at the interval of 2-10 minutes to know indoor thermal environmental conditions. The occupants were found using different active behaviors for thermal comfort adjustments even in rather harsh summer and winter. Around 80% of the occupants surveyed opened windows when the outdoor air temperature was 30⁰C in free running (FR) mode and the clothing insulation was 0.93 clo when the outdoor air temperature was 0⁰C. The result showed that the use of mechanical heating and cooling was not necessarily the first priority to improve indoor thermal environment. Our result along with other results in residential buildings showed that the adaptive behaviors of the occupants are one of the primary ways to adjust indoor thermal comfort. This fact is important in enhancing the energy saving building design.

Analysing natural ventilation to reduce the cooling energy consumption and the fuel poverty of social dwellings in coastal zones

In southern European countries, summer temperatures could contribute to a high cooling energy consumption. Family units with fewer economic resources living in social dwellings could suffer from fuel poverty if they want to use air conditioning systems. Otherwise, they could face discomfort hours because of a natural ventilation without clear control criteria. This study analyses quantitatively and qualitatively the possibilities of natural ventilation through mixed-mode and the possibility of reducing fuel poverty for family units living in social dwellings. For this purpose, the application of a natural ventilation approach was analysed through an adaptive behaviour based on EN 16798-1: 2019. A case study of 51 social dwellings was analysed by using various operation hypothesis between 2015 and 2019. The results showed the potential of using mixed-mode approaches based on the categories from EN 16798-1:2019 to achieve savings in the energy consumption and to remove cases of fuel poverty in low-income families. Likewise, surveys in which families living in these cities participated reflected the great awareness of the natural ventilation use, although there is not a clear criterion of the need of this ventilation for thermal comfort, as well as the need of a supportive use of air conditioning systems. Finally, the similarity of the climate conditions of the city analysed and the coastal cities from various countries in the south of Europe shows the possibility of using ventilation strategies as energy saving measures in other regions.

Environment-, health-, performance- and welfare-related parameters in pig barns with natural and mechanical ventilation

A multifactorial approach using environmental, performance, health and welfare parameters was used to investigate the numerous associations of ventilation throughout three consecutive fattening batches (08/2015 to 12/2016) in a farrow-to-finish commercial pig farm in Belgium. Two fattening pig units were used, unit A (1256 pigs) with mechanical ventilation and unit B (1264 pigs) with natural ventilation. Animal genetics, nutrition, stocking density and health management were the same for both units. Key environmental indicators were monitored in real-time (temperature, humidity, CO2 and NH3) and the daily prevalence of respiratory disease cases was recorded to monitor the temporal expression of disease over time within a farm environment. The welfare status of the animals was assessed twice per production round (batch) with a simplified version of the Welfare quality® protocol. Serological tests for the most prevalent respiratory infectious agents (Mycoplasma hyopneumonniae, swine influenza virus (subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1-2-9-11 and porcine circovirus type 2) were performed during the first, second and final third of each fattening period. Finally, key performance parameters were calculated (average daily growth, feed conversion ratio) and upon slaughter lungs from pigs from unit A (n: 782) and from unit B (n: 544) were assessed for the presence of lung lesions, pleurisy and fissures. To identify the associations of ventilation on the aforementioned parameters, statistical models were run that also included other factors (when applicable) namely production batch, season, age and sampling.Overall, the use of natural ventilation was associated with a less optimal environment with regards to thermal comfort (p < 0.001), CO2 (p < 0.001) and NH3 (p < 0.001). A higher daily prevalence of respiratory disease cases was seen in the naturally-ventilated unit (p < 0.001). Concerning the sero-prevalence of the infectious agents tested, the odds to have a positive H1N1 sample were 3.17 higher in the naturally-ventilated unit (p = 0.003). From the visual assessment of the lungs no statistically significant associations were seen between ventilation type and the presence of lesions, fissures or pleuritis. Yet, the lung lesion score was expected to be lower in the naturally-ventilated unit (p = 0.010). Regarding performance parameters, feed conversion ratio and average daily gain were overall better in the mechanically-ventilated unit (descriptive results). Finally, a better welfare score was seen in the mechanically-ventilated unit in all three production batches (descriptive results).In conclusion, the mechanically-ventilated farm was associated with better environmental conditions for the fattening pigs. Yet, further research is needed to reach definite causal claims.

Evaluation of particulate matter concentrations according to cooking activity in a residential environment.

This study aimed to determine the ventilation conditions required for suitable indoor air quality management during cooking in a typical South Korean residential home. We measured the concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) under different ventilation conditions during the cooking of different food materials in the kitchen of a multi-family house, which is the representative residential space in South Korea. Pork belly and mackerel, which are the staple meat and fish products of Korean people, were prepared (200g of each) and cooked via roasting. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured three times for 1h at 1min intervals under twelve ventilation conditions. To investigate the PM10 and PM2.5 concentration distribution characteristics and the reduction effect according to ventilation condition, the ratio of the concentration during cooking to the initial concentration was calculated for each condition. Factors causing the emission of PM10 and PM2.5 for each food material and under each ventilation condition were analyzed using principal component analysis and verified using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc analysis. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations generated during the cooking of pork belly and mackerel reached their maximum values when no ventilation was used. Under this condition, PM10 concentrations were 246.27 and 1227.71μg/m3 while the PM2.5 concentrations were 161.93 and 760.82μg/m3 for pork belly and mackerel cooking, respectively. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were also found to be high when a range hood and air cleaner were used, indicating that it is necessary to improve the performance of ventilation devices and to use appropriate ventilation methods. The use of natural ventilation exhibited a high PM10 and PM2.5 reduction effect compared with the ventilation conditions that used ventilation devices. Using natural ventilation together with ventilation devices was found to be the most effective method of reducing the PM10 and PM2.5 generated during cooking. In conclusion, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations generated during the cooking of pork belly and mackerel varied depending on the ventilation condition, but they were high when inappropriate ventilation methods were used. Therefore, using appropriate ventilation conditions is effective in reducing PM10 and PM2.5 generated during cooking.