Use Of Mass Media Research Articles

Pengenalan literasi media untuk pencegahan konflik sosial pada siswa sekolah dasar di wilayah perdesaan

Human development in the field of education is very important because it relates to the quality of human life in other fields, one of which is on the social aspects, especially those related to children. The condition that occurs in children today is the high use and negative exposure of mass media, especially from the use of television and the internet. The high use of this media is not accompanied by adequate skills in children regarding access and ability to analyze the content of media messages so that negative impacts of use appear, including social conflicts between children in their environment. The purpose of this activity is to introduce the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and communicate messages in various forms of communication and information media for the prevention of social conflict in children. The method of carrying out activities using lecture, demonstration, and discussion methods. The subject of the activity is elementary school age children in Panembong Village, Bayongbong District, Garut Regency. The implementation process is carried out with the assessment stage, the implementation stage, and the assessment stage as well as the evaluation stage. The results of this activity illustrate the existence of better knowledge and understanding of elementary school age children in accessing, analyzing, evaluating and communicating messages in various forms of communication and information media, especially to prevent social conflict between peers.

Media Technologies and Formation of a Tourist Destination Brand: Foreign and Domestic Experience

The article summarizes the arguments within the scientific discussion on the impact of media technologies on the choice of a tourist destination. Thus, the emergence of film-induced tourism as a specific type of tourism is emphasized. The main purpose of the scientific research is to analyze a relatively new phenomenon of «film-induced tourism» and its types, as well as to determine the influence mechanisms of film and television media product on the formation of a tourist destination and its brand. Systematization of relevant literary works and approaches to the problem in question has shown that film-induced tourism is intensively developing and being actively popularized in the world. It has been widely recognized that the media product is undoubtedly increasing the number of visits to locations depicted in it, or locations associated with it, which, in its turn, forms the tourist destination brand. Moreover, the films that gained worldwide popularity after their release significantly contributed to the formation of famous tourist brands and attracted the attention of numerous tourists. The relevance of the scientific research in terms of Ukraine is evidenced by the fact that the development of film-induced tourism is not paid attention to by domestic scientists. Besides, the international experience of successful promotion of tourist destinations through media technologies is not duly implemented into domestic tourist practice. Foreign practical experience proves though that there is a firm correlation between the success of the film and television media product and the increase in tourist flows to a particular destination. The research of the problems raised in the article was carried out in logical sequence. There were considered theoretical aspects of film-induced tourism, particularly, impacts of media technologies on the development of tourist destinations, the use of mass media as a tool to form a tourist brand; there were revealed specific features of creating tourist brands, both on-location and off-location ones, as well as there was analysed the experience of Ukraine in the formation of on- and off-location tourist brands; there were provided the proposals to apply leading international practices for the promotion of film-induced tourism in Ukraine. The following groups of methods became a methodological toolkit of the research. Theoretical methods were used to perform the overview of scientific works, popular science literature and other relevant sources within the research; for the definition and systematization of the terminological apparatus of the research; for the critical study and generalization of the observed information. Analytical methods were used to diagnose the impact of media technologies on the development of certain destinations and to analyse tangible and intangible benefits of film-induced tourism obtained by tourist destinations. The research period under consideration is 2010–2018. The object of the study is a range of countries illustrating the best world practice in the development of film-induced tourism: The United States (particularly New York and Los Angeles tourist destinations), Canada, Scotland, Italy, France, New Zealand, Iceland, as well as the world best-known films that have become a vivid example of the formation and promotion of tourist destinations shown on the screen. Thus, it has been proved the undeniable influence of media technologies on the considerable increase in the number of mass tourists who were eager to visit the locations of their favourite films. The results of an empirical analysis of the correlation between the development of mass tourism and a significant increase in tourist visits to certain destinations due to media technologies are submitted in the article. The research theoretically proves and empirically confirms that there is interrelationship between the success of the media product and the development of mass tourism. Statistically it was substantiated by analyzing the number of tourists and their interest in locations used in movies, TV series and animated films. It should be noted, however, that the impact of such products is easier to observe in those countries and regions that have passed the stages of the formation of tourism industry as the leading one due to the tourism boom caused by a particular media product. In this case, the emergence of this type of tourism clearly affects the economy and the formation of the tourist image of the country. The results of the study can serve as a basis for further researches on the issue and the formation of the strategy for the development of film-induced tourism in Ukraine, where its possibilities, unfortunately, are used in fragments today.

National Nutrition Communication Campaign in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study of factors associated with exposure

BackgroundReducing childhood stunting continues to be a priority in Indonesia. In 2015, the National Nutrition Communication Campaign (NNCC) implemented mass media and interpersonal communication (IPC) interventions to disseminate stunting-related information. Whereas other studies of the NNCC’s impact on attitudes and behaviors are currently underway, the purpose of this study was to better understand the factors associated with exposure to the media and IPC components of the NNCC.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted following the NNCC media and IPC campaigns in rural Indonesia. The final study sample included 1734 mothers. Survey data was collected from each participant by trained interviewers using an electronic tablet. Responses relating to demographic and socioeconomic factors, use of social media and WhatsApp, and electronic device ownership were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses, using SAS version 9.4, were conducted to evaluate the relationship between technology-related items and exposure to both the media and the IPC interventions.ResultsOwning an internet device (OR = 1.643, CI = 1.237–2.183, p < 0.001), accessing social media (OR = 1.81, CI = 1.32–2.49, p < 0.001), using a device to access health information (OR = 2.068, CI = 1.469–2.911, p < 0.0001), and accessing WhatsApp (OR = 1.663, CI = 1.175–2.355, p < 0.05) were positively related to exposure to NNCC messages meant to change behavior to decrease stunting. In separate analyses, owning an internet device (OR = 0.609, CI = 0.459–0.81, p < 0.001) accessing social media (OR = 0.626, CI = 0.459–0.854, p < 0.05), using a device to access health information (OR = 0.528, CI = 0.377–0.740, p < 0.001), and accessing WhatsApp (OR = 0.688, CI = 0.489–0.968, p < 0.05) were negatively related to IPC exposure. Mothers with access to internet-accessible devices were more likely to be exposed to the media campaign component to decrease stunting while mothers without access to internet-accessible devices were more likely to be exposed through IPC.ConclusionsMothers who owned devices that could access the internet were more likely to have been exposed to the media campaign component to decrease stunting by behavior change but were less likely to participate in IPC activities. The opposite was true for mothers who did not have access to internet-accessible devices. These findings may be used to inform future community health efforts in rural Indonesia and similar regions that may be considering the use of both mass media and interpersonal interventions to influence health behaviors in order to decrease stunting.

Mental health status and quality of life in close contacts of COVID-19 patients in the post-COVID-19 era: a comparative study

Close contacts of those with COVID-19 (CC) may experience distress and long-lasting mental health effects. However, the mental health status and quality of life (QOL) in CC have not been adequately examined. This study examined the mental health status and QOL in CC during the post-COVID-19 period. This cross-sectional study comprised 1169 CC and 1290 who were non-close contacts (non-CC). Demographic data were collected; depression, fatigue, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and QOL were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 items (PHQ-9), fatigue numeric rating scale, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - 17 items (PCL-17), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire - brief version (WHOQOL-BREF), respectively. Analysis of covariance was used to compare depressive symptoms, QOL, fatigue, and PTSS between the CC and non-CC groups. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent correlates for depression, fatigue, PTSS, and QOL in the CC group. Compared to the non-CC group, the CC group reported significantly more severe depression (F(1, 2458) = 5.58, p = 0.018) and fatigue (F(1, 2458) = 9.22, p = 0.002) in the post-COVID-19 period. No significant differences in PTSS and QOL between the CC and non-CC groups were found (F(1, 2458) = 2.93, p = 0.087 for PTSS; F(1, 2458) = 3.45, p = 0.064 for QOL). In the CC group, younger age, financial loss due to COVID-19, and perception of poor or fair health status were significantly associated with depression and fatigue, while frequent use of mass media was significantly associated with fatigue. In conclusion, close contacts of COVID-19 patients experienced high levels of depression and fatigue in the post-COVID-19 period. Due to the negative effects of depression and fatigue on daily functioning, early detection and timely interventions should be provided to this neglected population.

Impact of Mass Media in Teaching and Learning English in Higher Secondary Schools in Bhutan

Abstract: The development of Mass Media in the first decade of twenty first century influenced the lives of Bhutanese in various fields such as mass communication, entertainment, and teaching-learning processes. The proficiency of English language is an indispensable tool for students in the academic journey, and thus, the creative teaching-learning process of English is necessary to adopt in the classroom. Hence, this study explored the Impact of Mass Media in Teaching and Learning English in Higher Secondary Schools in Bhutan. The researcher conducted a Mixed Method Survey comprising questionnaire and interview to collect data and information from one hundred thirty five, twelfth-grade students and six English teachers from three schools under Tashigang Dzongkhag. The study used Simple Random Sampling to select the target population, which involved individuals that represent unbiased population. The study used descriptive analysis to interpret and analyze the collected data with graphical representations. The study presented the implications of Mass Media in teaching and learning English to the young minds. Further, the study recommended the use of Mass Media with accessibility and awareness to enhance the teaching and learning process of English. Keywords: impact, quota-sampling, accessibility, learning strand, teaching aid,

Utilization of diabetic retinopathy screening among diabetic patients at a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, India

Background: Diabetes is a major public health concern that affects nearly 463 million (9.3%) of global adult population. Diabetic retinopathy, which affects around 35% of all diabetic patients, is the fifth leading cause of preventable global blindness. This study was done to determine the status of diabetic retinopathy screening and the factors that influence its uptake among diabetic patients attending a tertiary care setting in Kerala, India.Methods: 200 patients with diabetes mellitus on physician care were enrolled for a questionnaire-based survey which collected information on patient demographics, education, occupation, patient’s awareness of retinopathy, screening, diabetic blindness and their source of such knowledge.Results: 83% were aware that diabetes can result in vision loss. 61% were aware that diabetic blindness is preventable. 42% patients were aware of screening options for retinopathy. The awareness of retinopathy screening was significantly associated (p=0.0001) only with duration of diabetes.Conclusions: Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients in Kerala was sub optimal. Better patient education and use of mass media can increase awareness on diabetes retinopathy screening programs.

Mapping key components of community-oriented strategies to facilitate alcohol-related early identification and brief intervention in general practice: a scoping review.

Hazardous alcohol use is one of the leading risk factors for morbidity and mortality in the world. Early identification and brief interventions (EIBIs) delivered in primary care is an effective but underutilized strategy to address this issue. Community-oriented strategies (COS) are suggested to facilitate EIBI delivery. COS are public health activities directed to the general population raising awareness and encouraging behaviour change. Unfortunately, it remains unclear what these COS should comprise and what their added value might be in EIBI delivery. To map the available information on COS aiming to facilitate alcohol-related EIBI delivery in general practice. A scoping review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping reviews guidelines, was used to map both grey and peer-reviewed literature. Of the 6586 information sources screened, 8 sources were retained in this review. Three COS are currently described in the literature, all with their different components. They include the use of mass media, self-assessment tools and waiting room actions. Waiting room actions comprising audio recordings or computerized self-assessment tools significantly increase the discussion on alcohol use in primary care. The effect of mass media and community-wide self-assessment tools on EIBI delivery remains to be determined. Currently, the described COS lack empirical justification to motivate their added value in facilitating EIBI delivery. However, a theoretical reflection showed the use of a limited set of behaviour change techniques, which might support the use of COS. There remains a lot of possible strategies to explore. This review highlights the current evidence gap and discusses the next steps.

Need of Marriage of Mass Media with Traditional Folk Media in Empowering Towards Sustainable Development among Santals: A Review

Information is treated as a vital and powerful tool of socio-economic development, no less important than land, labour and capital towards empowerment of people towards attaining sustainable development (SD). Empowerment, the degree of autonomy and self-sufficient, self-dependent, self-determined, self-responsible, self-reliable, self-confident in the democratic society in controlling their lifelong learning and their own quality of life. Access of right information at the right time in right form and ability of sharing information to others empower people. Mass media in this regard plays a crucial role as a vast portion of population may be reached through mass media. Present study conducted in four Santal villages of Birbhum district of West Bengal with 100 Santals (50 male and 50 female) attempts to investigate the extent of use and utilization pattern of mass media in information seeking behavior by the Santals of the study area and finally suggest towards empowering the Santals for attaining sustainable development in the study area. In the study a mixed reaction of the respondents have been received regarding the exposure to various mass media. Mean value of social awareness based on mass media of female Santals (x̄2 = 109.43) was better than the male Santals (x̄1 = 106.18). ‘t’ value of the study indicated that null hypothesis H0 is rejected and alternative hypothesis H1 is accepted. The Santals are incapable of developing themselves, by their own efforts. Many government schemes and initiatives remain still unutilised due to their illiteracy, neo-literacy, barrier of language, lack of guidance, unawareness about the programmes etc. They should be motivated to come out from their isolation and should be aware about various government initiatives. Observed also that, availability of mass media with the Santals is too much limited, but however, accessibility to these media is somewhat better among them. Evening (17:30-18:00 Hrs.) found to be the best time for exposing to mass media and majority by respondents like to expose to mass media in group. Folk items and formal discussions were the preferable format in mass media. The study demands for coalition for traditional folk media with mass media to improved their quality of life and attaining empowerment.

Context Collapse: Social Psychology and New Media Perspectives

The communication between individuals has been changed and transformed by the use and popularization of mass media. The use of social media profoundly influences the mechanics of daily life by affecting the informal interactions of individuals, as well as institutional structures and professional routines. With the widespread and increasing use of social media platforms, the effects of these platforms on individuals and society have also formed a vital research ground. The concept of context collapse can be considered one of these effects and refers to the fact that different contexts, which are an essential determinant in face-to-face social relations, collapse in virtual space. Social media platforms are open to anyone and transfer communications in different contexts in physical places into one single space. That fact causes a context collapse. Social media, where different contexts collapse on each other, remove the reference points of individuals by making their self-presentation practices more complex. This study aims to discuss the theoretical foundations of the context collapse and present a multi-disciplinary perspective by addressing social psychology and new media disciplines. For this purpose, first, the importance of context in daily life practices was emphasized within the framework of these disciplines. Afterward, theoretical debates and empirical studies on context collapse have been reviewed. Finally, the relationships between the context collapse and gender roles and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed. Keywords: Context collapse, self, social cognition, social roles, gender, COVID-19

Mass media exposure and use of reversible modern contraceptives among married women in India: An analysis of the NFHS 2015-16 data.

Since the inception of the National Programme for Family Planning, messages on family planning (FP) have been promoted across India using different mass media platforms. Mass media plays an important role in disseminating important information among the masses, such as how reversible modern methods give women more reproductive choices than opting for permanent methods that limit their child-bearing capacity. Mass media can provide a continuous flow of information and motivation to deter women from discontinuing the methods they have opted for. However, very few studies have been conducted on this issue, especially using recently available data. This study particularly focuses on exposure to mass media and the use of reversible modern methods of family planning among married women in India. The data for this study was obtained from the National Family Health Survey (2015–16) on currently married women aged 15–49 years. The association of reversible modern method use with media exposure variables was examined, controlling for a set of independent variables from multiple levels—individual, district, state, and region. The findings from this study showed that television was the most important medium for disseminating information on FP among married women in India. Spatial analysis revealed that some districts in the north, parts of the northeast, and Kerala in South India lacked any television exposure. The results from the decomposition analysis showed that mass media exposure was associated with a 14% increase in the use of reversible modern methods. Results from the multilevel analyses showed that exposure to TV along with other media (AOR 1.57 95% CI 1.49–1.65) and exposure to FP messages through different media (AOR 1.22 95% CI 1.12–1.32) had a significant positive effect on the use of reversible modern methods even when various individual, district, state, and regional-level factors were controlled. The findings of this paper provide evidence supporting the use of mass media to promote and increase awareness of voluntary contraceptive use in India. An increase in mass media exposure coupled with improvement in coverage and services of the FP program can significantly increase the use of reversible modern methods in a cost-effective yet efficient manner among women in need of FP services.

Relationship between Parent Role, Friends Effect Association and Use of Mass Media with Risk Sexual Behavior in Adolescents at Senior High School 76 Jakarta

Adolescents are individuals with high curiosity, including sexual behavior. BKKBN findings in 2017 show that the age group of 15-17 years is the highest age of first dating and age 17 is the highest age of first sexual intercourse. This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the role of parents, peer influence and the use of mass media with risky sexual behavior in adolescents at SMAN 76 Jakarta. This study used cross sectional study and was conducted on 154 respondents through a simple random sampling method. Data collection uses questionnaires on the role of parents, peer influence, the use of mass media and risky sexual behavior that have been tested for validity and reliability. Statistical test results using Chi-Square showed a significant relationship between the role of parents with risky sexual behavior (p = 0.001), peer influence with risky sexual behavior (p = 0.001) and the use of mass media for risky sexual behavior (p = 0.001). It is recommended that schools collaborate with local health services in conducting health education, counseling or therapy related to the problem of risky sexual behavior in adolescents.

Abstract 95: “Women Are Reluctant to Make Long Journeys to Seek Screening Services While They Do Not Have Any Pain:” Providers' Experience on Cervical Cancer Screening in Primary Health Care Centers in Rwanda

Abstract Purpose: Cervical cancer screening reduces cervical cancer incidence and mortality. In Rwanda, cervical cancer screening is conducted predominately at primary health care centers. However, a significant number of age-eligible women who have not undergone screening present at primary health care centers with cervical cancer. The aim of our paper is to understand barriers and facilitators of cervical cancer screening from providers' perspectives. Methods: We selected the ten top- and ten bottom-performing health centers for cervical cancer screening in the past five years within Rwanda. We identified three health care providers at each health center as key informants to be interviewed. A thematic analysis was conducted. Results: We interviewed 33 providers. Providers consistently reported barriers for women to attend cervical cancer screening included: 1) women not seeking cervical cancer screening service while asymptomatic; 2) never having given birth at a health facility; 3) too busy with daily responsibilities to seek care; 4) being unfamiliar with gynecological service procedures; and 5) feeling uncomfortable with undergoing a pelvic exam and exposing their genitals. Reported facilitators to screening women included, health education activities, and providing multiple health services at the health center Services, such as family planning and child vaccination that attract women, which makes it easier for health care providers to provide them with educational information and offer them screening. Conclusion: Health care providers reported patients with limited health-seeking behaviors as a barrier to cancer screening services but felt that educational sessions facilitated uptake among eligible women. Use of mass media to disseminate information on cervical cancer screening and prevention may encourage women to come to the clinic, at which time they may receive the education they need to undergo screening. Cervical cancer screening policies should evaluate and address existing health-seeking behaviors within their target population in order to achieve effective coverage. Citation Format: Charles Ingabire, Amanda Pierz, Josephine Gasana, Francine Umwiza, Laura Drown, Athanase Munyaneza, Lydia Businge, Gallican Kubwimana, Gad Murenzi, François Uwinkindi, Alma Adler, Philip Castle, Thomas C. Randall. “Women Are Reluctant to Make Long Journeys to Seek Screening Services While They Do Not Have Any Pain:” Providers' Experience on Cervical Cancer Screening in Primary Health Care Centers in Rwanda [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 9th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Global Cancer Research and Control: Looking Back and Charting a Path Forward; 2021 Mar 10-11. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021;30(7 Suppl):Abstract nr 95.

Moral hazard in electoral teams: List rank and campaign effort

How do parties motivate candidates to exert effort in closed-list elections, where seat outcomes are uncertain only for candidates in marginal list positions? We argue that parties can solve this moral hazard problem by committing ex ante to allocate higher offices in government, such as cabinet portfolios, monotonically with list rank. Under this schedule of compensation, parties have incentives to rank candidates in order of quality (under some conditions) and candidates have incentives to increase the volume and geo-diversity of their campaign efforts as their rank improves. Using detailed data on Norwegian candidates and their use of mass and social media in recent elections, we confirm that (1) candidate quality increases with list rank, and (2) candidates in safer ranks shift from intra-district to extra-district and national media exposure—a composition of effort that can increase their party’s chance of entering government, and thus their own potential share of the spoils.

Aksak Rhythm Studies in Distance Piano Education with Use of Midi

As a result of the impact of the Covid 19 epidemic, the use of alternative mass media has become mandatory in the field of education, as in many areas, and this has led to the search for a new approach to education. In this context, communication problems may occur during rhythm practice in distance piano lessons that are conducted synchronously. Because of these potential problems, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of using midi with melodic nuclei practice for distance piano education on works with aksak rhythms. In this study, which was designed as a post-test control group design, experiment and control groups consisting of 4 people with equal piano education were formed from the 2nd grade of the Cank?r? Karatekin University, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, Department of Music. During the lesson, a routine study was carried out with the control group for a piano piece with aksak rhythm. A treatment was given to the experimental group using midi recording, which included the melodic nuclei and rhythmic structure of this work. At the end of the lesson, student performances were measured and the data obtained was used using a t-test. No significant difference was found between the performance scores of the experimental and control groups. In this context, it is possible to say that midi supported melodic nuclei exercises has no effect the aksak rhythm practices. Key words: Piano education, distance education, Midi, Aksak rhythm, melodic nuclei.

Role of mass media in disseminating knowledge about Tuberculosis among the attendants accompanying patients of a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Bangladesh. The use of mass media is one of the important strategies in communicating behavioural change in relation to TB prevention and the treatment. However, most of the mass media public health interventions do not sufficiently engage the people. Due to this, truly little is known about the effects of locally instigated mass media promotion.&#x0D; Objective : To explore role of mass media on knowledge generation about Tuberculosis transmission in Bangladesh.&#x0D; Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 adult persons(attendants of patients) of different socio-economic backgrounds attending the outpatient’s departments(OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. Purposive sampling was the process of selecting the subjects. Data were collected using one pretested semi-structured questionnaire through face-to-face interview.&#x0D; Results : A total180 respondents were interviewed. Mean age of the respondents was 28.75 ± 8.55 years. Majority of the respondents were graduate (29.0%).A total of 20.2% respondents had adequate knowledge about TB transmission without any misconceptions. Similarly, regarding the misconceptions on modes of TB transmission, 40.5% replied that TB transmits through utensils,57.6% respondents replied that TB transmits through sharing clothes/bed sheets/towel. About 28.3% respondents had the perception that the cost of TB treatment is high. Among the respondents30.5% had the false perception that it was necessary to go to big hospitals for TB treatment. Highest 140 (77.8%) respondents said television as the source of information in TB prevention. Friends/ relatives/ teachers, newspaper, radio, billboard etc. were the other sources. Twenty did not hear of TB prevention program.&#x0D; Conclusion : The mass media can be effective in getting messages about TB across to the community in developing countries. In this study we found that television, newspapers, and billboards were particularly useful tools for reaching out to them with specific campaigns regarding TB control.&#x0D; Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.11 (2) Jan 2020: 463-467

Expert power as a constituent of opinion leadership: a conceptual analysis

Introduction. Drawing on the typology of social power developed by French and Raven, this paper elaborates the relationships between information behaviour and power by examining how expert power appears in the characterisations of opinion leadership presented in the research literature. Method. Conceptual analysis focusing on the ways in which expert power are constitutive of the construct of opinion leadership. Analysis. The study draws on the conceptual analysis of forty-eight key studies on the above issue. Results. Expert power refers to the opinion leader’s ability to influence the thoughts, attitudes and behaviour of other people through information sharing, due to the possession of such knowledge and skills valued by others. Expert power originates from superior knowledge and skills acquired by means of active use of mass media in particular. Expert power is used in the process in which opinion leaders share their views in diverse contexts such as consumption and political discussion. The extent to which opinion leaders can use their expert power depends on their position in social networks. The findings highlight the need to rethink the traditional construct of opinion leadership because it increasingly occurs in the networked information environments characterised by growing volatility and scepticism towards authorities such as opinion leaders. Conclusion. Opinion leadership is a significant form of social influence put into effect through sharing personal views. Expert power is a key constituent of opinion leadership affecting the extent to which views shared by opinion leaders can influence the thoughts, attitudes and behaviour of opinion seekers.

Media in human life – their role and significance for social development and functioning1

The media serve as a tool used for transmitting information, as well as a centre of social life. There is no doubt that over time they also became one of the most dominant areas of activity for children and young people. The paper aims to present the role and importance of the media in the lives of every human being, with particular emphasis on the young generation. The author takes a closer look at the media as an educational environment shaping society’s behaviour and way of thinking. The paper also outlines several examples of the impact and consequences that the use of mass media has on health and social functioning.

STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI DALAM MENINGATKAN WISATAWAN BENTENG KOTA DI KECAMATAN TEMPILANG

Tourism is currently a new phenomenon in the world of tourism, and will be developed in various countries. tourists are very important in the progress of a country or city. The method used is qualitative, data collected using primary and secondary data. The analysis uses qualitative data analysis. The results of the analysis conclude that the communication strategy for tourist destinations in the city fortress of the Tempilang district is carried out through several stages in accordance with the communication strategy such as determining the audience, composing messages, determining the desired method, and determining the use of mass media and printed media. Aida and SWOT analysts are needed to determine a communication strategy. To make it easier to introduce the city fort in Tempilang, AIDA communication strategy and SWOT analysis are used. With the AIDA communication strategy and a structured SWOT analysis, it makes it easier to convey a message and the goals and objectives to be achieved. There is a strategy to increase the awareness of residents to come to visit the Tempilang city fort.

Low Carbon Policy and Sustainable Development of Environment of the Indigenous Ceremonial Holiday in Taitung County, Taiwan

Low-carbon tourism is an emerging topic that the tourism industry and academia have paid attention to in recent years. In the past, many researchers have designed low-carbon tourism package itinerary from the point of view of practitioners, and rarely used the view of policy operation to guide self-service tourists how to engage in energy-saving and carbon reduction behaviour in tourism. The purpose of this study is to analyse the government departments in Taitung County, Taiwan as a case study on how to guide and promote the activities of participants in energy conservation and carbon reduction during ceremonial holiday. This study draws preliminary conclusions that the key to the success of low-carbon tourism lies in the specific implementation of government policies. In addition, the key to success is that people can abide by the law and government policies. There is also communication with indigenous tribes about low-carbon practices, and the use of mass media and school to promote this policy.

Associated Factors for Dropout of First Vs Third Doses of Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (DPT) Vaccination in Nepal.

Background Immunization acts as a key intervention to reduce under-five mortality and morbidity. Despite global progress on vaccination, difficulties in the utilization of this service in developing countries have been observed. According to Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016, only 78% of children received a complete dose of vaccine among which the first-dose receiver of DPT is 98%, whereas only 83% received a third dose. This study aims to explore the influencing factors of DPT vaccination dropout in Nepal. Methods The explorative study was done through secondary data analysis of NDHS 2016. The KR file was used for the analysis of information for 2883 children. Factors influencing dropout of DPT vaccination were explored against the independent variables such as external environment, predisposing factors, and enabling resources. All the analyses were weighted before the analysis. The descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. The variables showing collinearity have been removed in the final model. Results A higher dropout was reported in Terai (18.9%) and province 2 (22.0%), among uneducated mothers (18.1%) and uneducated fathers (19.4%), less than once a week internet users (22.2%), the nonradio listener (17.4%), who had <4 ANC visits (22.7%), home delivery (19.2%), no advised SBA (19.1%), long distance to health facility (17.9%), no iron supplementation in pregnancy (24.3%), and PNC by TBA/others (21.1%). All these tested relationships were found statistically significant (P value <0.05). The aOR for dropout was found to be 7.94 (4.07–15.51) for mothers with less than 4 or no ANC visit, long distance to health facility 4.68 (1.98–10.67), province 2 3.53 (1.13–11.03), and mother without formal employment 2.33 (1.52–3.55). Conclusion Factors related to health services, distance, provinces, and socioeconomic status of the family were influencers for vaccine dropout. Targeted intervention towards disadvantaged regions, counseling the mother during ANC, improving the education status of parents, access to the health facility, and use of mass media for advocacy are hereby recommended.