Use Of LPG Research Articles

Performance Evaluation and Economic Sustainability of the PAU Model Batch Type Paddy Straw Biogas Plant

This study evaluates the performance and economic viability of the Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) Model Batch Type Paddy Straw Biogas Plant in rural India, addressing critical challenges in agricultural residue management and sustainable energy production. Data collected from two plants over four months showed an average daily biogas production of 1.46 to 3.13 m3 per day, with a total gas production of 284.8 m3 in a period of four months. Plant performance correlated moderately with ambient temperature. Economic analysis revealed annual savings of Rs. 47,600 through reduced LPG use and biogas slurry sales. The study concludes that the PAU Model is technically efficient and economically viable, offering a sustainable solution for paddy straw management and rural energy security. These findings have significant implications for policymakers and rural development practitioners in promoting sustainable agriculture and renewable energy adoption in developing regions.

Clean Energy Adoption in Developing Countries: New Evidence of the Relevance of Risk Aversion and Education

Cooking with relatively clean fuel has numerous benefits, including reducing pollution and improving health and socioeconomic outcomes. Hence, some developing countries have implemented policies to promote LPG use. However, risks of accidents and explosions may prevent risk-averse households from adopting LPG. This study examines the causal effect of risk aversion on the adoption and expenditure of LPG using the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Measurement Survey and a double hurdle approach. We find that risk-averse households are four per cent less likely to adopt LPG and, if adopted, spend significantly less on LPG. The result holds even after endogeneity has been addressed with diverse econometric strategies. However, the effect disappears in households where the primary decision-makers have no formal education, while it is systematically stronger when they are educated. The results imply measures that reduce the actual and perceived dangers of LPG usage could effectively increase adoption rates.

Economic and Environmental Benefits of Heating of Poultry Houses with Geothermal Energy: A Case Study for Nevşehir Province of Turkey

In this study, as an example of the use of geothermal energy resources for the air-conditioning of animal shelters, the technical, economic and environmental gains that will be achieved in the case of heating a chicken coop with a total floor area of 480 m2 in Nevşehir province of Turkey in the winter months have been evaluated. For this purpose, a standard chicken coop with a length of 40 m, a width of 12 m and a height of 2.5 m and a capacity of 4320 chickens has been considered. The optimum indoor temperature for adult chickens is considered to be 22 °C. The total heat losses related to the different structural components of the considered standard house were determined. The annual total highest heat load for the poultry house was calculated as Qt = 197.32 kW. For geothermal resources suitable for house heating in the region, the amount of heat to be gained from the geothermal fluid to the house environment was calculated, taking into account the lowest physical properties (the lowest temperature Tgeo = 30 °C and the lowest flow rate mgeo = 30 m3/h). Since the amount of heat energy gained to the poultry environment with geothermal fluid (Qgeo=278.96 kW) is higher than the total heat losses (Qt = 197.32 kW) of the poultry house (Qgeo>Qt), it can be used for poultry heating with geothermal fluid. In case the considered poultry house is heated with geothermal energy, a total of 45073 kg of fuel will be saved annually from LPG consumption and 42186.4 kg of diesel fuel consumption will be saved. If Diesel or LGP fuel is used instead of geothermal fluid for poultry heating, the annual total fuel cost will be 266 211.6 TL for LPG usage and 274 585.2 TL for Diesel usage. In case the considered house is heated with geothermal energy, 136 571.2 kgCO2-eq or 133 798.3 kgCO2-eq from the annual total greenhouse gas emissions will save compared to the use of LPG and Diesel, respectively.

Forest contribution to CO2 sequestration as mitigation climate change on the impact of tourism activities in Mount Tidar Botanical Garden

Forests offer the greatest environmental services in CO2 sequestration. According to the IPCC, forests have a lot of potential for mitigating climate change. The forest area in Mount Tidar Botanical Garden (MTBG) is used as a tourist attraction and is known as the most famous religious tourism object in Magelang. Tourist activities in MTBG are massive, tourist attractions are open 24 hours a day and never close, causing an enormous amount of CO2 emissions. This study aims to determine the total CO2 emissions of tourism activities, CO2 sequestration in vegetation MTBG, and provide recommendations on the types of vegetation that have the highest CO2 sequestration. This study is quantitative research. Primary data collection was done by taking data on vegetation diameter and LPG usage around the restaurant. The Data were analyzed by emission estimation and the allometric formula. The results showed that the total CO2 emissions from human respiration, the use of LPG, and vehicles amounted to 481,665 tons/year. The ability of plants in the MTBG forest has the potential to CO2 sequestration of 1.260,170 tons. Forests in MTBG can support climate change mitigation efforts in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals 13 because they can handle emissions with a surplus of 778,506 tons of CO2. Vegetation types that have high CO2 sequestration are Ficus benjamina, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Spathodea campanulata.

The effects of LPG use over the performance of a Diesel engine

This study is based on the effects of using an auxiliary fuel such as gas on the performance of diesel engines. More attempts to use gas as a secondary fuel in a diesel engine were made over the years, resulting in significant increases of the engine performance. Other effects of dual fuel use, are lower fuel consumption, and an improved combustion, that has a direct effect on pollutant emission. For this investigation a 4-cylinder diesel engine with mechanical injection, equipped with a speed regulator disable system. An auxiliary fuel (gas) is introduced through the intake manifold of the engine using a volume base measurement system. According to the literature, by increasing the main injection advance, we can see further improvement in the engine performance, this being a result of better timing of the burn process. The regular burn process uses only a part of the oxygen in the cylinder, by introducing the gas in the intake, it uses the rest of the oxygen in the cylinder in the burn process. This in theory will improve the efficiency of the engine and thus reduces the emissions.

Policy Analysis of City Gas Network in Indonesia Using The CIPP Approach

The provision of environmentally friendly, cheap and safe energy for citizens by taking into account the mix of national energy use by considering the country's financial ability to provide subsidies is a policy that must be carried out by the Government. In this case, the Government of Indonesia itself has taken the initiative to save subsidies through the conversion of kerosene to the use of LPG which is safer for the community. However, the high LPG subsidy because it still relies on imports for its fulfillment also ultimately raises other problems. Starting in 2009, the Government continued to take initiatives to overcome this by continuing existing policies by building Household Gas Networks to optimize the potential of natural gas that is widely available in Indonesia and to reduce dependence on the use of LPG, especially in the household consumer sector and small customers. This policy is even included in one of the National Strategic Projects through Presidential Decree No. 18 of 2020 where this is also contained in the Medium-Term Development Plan (RJPMN) which targets the construction of 4.7 million household connections by the end of 2024, but in fact until 2022 only around 871,000 connections have been realized. This study conducts an analysis of policy evaluation of Jargas Development through the CIPP (Context, Input, Process &; Product) approach to get a comprehensive picture of the policy process that occurs. From the results of the study, it was found that there are still things that need to be improved to ensure that this policy can better achieve the expected targets, both in terms of planning to policy implementation that involves many parties in it and also recommendations for implementation in the future

Development of the Pertamina Pinky Movement Program through the Design Thinking Approach

<table width="621" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="416"><p>Implementation of Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) is an obligation for State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN). To increase value for the company, the implementation of TJSL with the concept of creating share value (CSV) is an option. This is in line with the directives from the Ministry of BUMN. Pertamina is the largest BUMN in Indonesia with complete business processes from upstream to downstream. As an implementation of TJSL with the CSV concept, as well as increasing awareness regarding the use of LPG on target, Pertamina has the Pinky Movement program. This program is funding for small micro enterprises (PUMK) as well as the development of small micro enterprises (UMK). In practice, the Pinky Movement program provides opportunities for MSEs in the trade and culinary sectors for business development. For the trade sector, the targets are LPG outlets, while the culinary sector, the targets are restaurants, cake shops, and so on. The Pinky Movement program is carried out with the aim of converting subsidized LPG to non-subsidized, so that each participant is required to sell non-subsidized LPG for MSEs in the trade sector and use non-subsidized LPG for the culinary sector. This program has been running since 2020, until now in its third year, program development is needed so that the program can run optimally. The development of the Pinky Movement program uses design thinking techniques, using all five stages, namely empathy, define, idea, prototype, and test. The results at the final stage (test) state that the proposed program development is feasible to run.</p></td></tr></tbody></table>

Optimasi Pemanfaatan LPG Sebagai Bahan Bakar Genset Untuk Mendukung Program Penghematan Energi

The use of LPG as a generator fuel needs to be optimized. For this reason, the correct LPG gas flow rate needs to be studied so that it becomes economical. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of fuel flow rate variation and Choke Valve variation on the performance of a 4-stroke generator. Gas enters the carburetor with varying gas flow rates of 3 L/minute, 4 L/minute, 5 L/minute and 6 L/minute. Then the generator is set to run stably on fully open, half and closed Choke Valve variations. From these variations, a combination is then sought to produce the smallest LPG flow rate with optimum power. The generator can operate well at flow rates of 4 L/min and 5 L/min with the Choke Valve variation position fully open. This shows that the ratio of LPG and air reaches the ideal condition so that the combustion process is complete. Optimization of LPG consumption in the generator is set at a flow rate of 4 L/minute with the Choke Valve fully open. Thus the excessive use of LPG can be saved.

Analysis of Carbon Footprint in Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MIPA), University of Hasanuddin

University of Hasanuddin is one of the largest campuses in Sulawesi which has 15 faculties. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences is one of the faculties that has complex activities in lecture activities and campus operations. All activities that take place produce a carbon footprint that can affect Greenhouse Gases (GHG). Therefore, this study aims to identify activities that generate a carbon footprint and analyze the burden of carbon footprint emissions and see the trend of the relationship between the number of activities and carbon footprint emissions. For data collection techniques by direct observation, interviews and questionnaires which will later be analyzed using the Tier 1 method based on the IPCC 2006. From the analysis results show that the total carbon footprint emission produced at this faculty is 213,778.33 KgCO2-e/year. The activity that produces the most carbon footprint emissions is electricity consumption, which is 206,085.79 KgCO2-e/year with a total consumption of 756,937.99 kWh/year. While the activity that produces the least carbon footprint emissions is the use of paper as much as 921.69 KgCO2-e/year with a total usage of 1,254 kg/year. For the trend of the relationship between the number of activities and carbon footprint emissions, the trend obtained is that the more activities that take place, the higher the carbon footprint produced will also be. However, there is a different phenomenon, namely the value of LPG consumption is less than the value of paper usage as much as 165 kg/year and 1.254 per year. However, the largest carbon footprint emission value is the use of LPG. This happens because the emission factor owned by the LPG source is greater than the paper source. It is hoped that this research can contribute to policy making at the University level. your abstract here…

Cleaning up the stack: Evaluating a clean cooking fuel stacking intervention in urban Kenya

There are a growing number of market-based providers of clean cooking solutions in sub-Saharan Africa that rely on use customer fuel sales to subsidise upfront cost of equipment. These business models can widen access to clean cooking but are undermined by the continued use of polluting fuels, known as “fuel stacking”, which limits provider revenues whilst perpetuating the negative impacts of cooking with traditional fuels.This study aimed to design and test a fuel stacking intervention with commercial pay-as-you-go LPG customers in Kisumu, Kenya. It consisted of three main phases: developing and testing a survey tool for diagnosing drivers of stacking (n = 99); using an intervention design framework (the Behaviour Change Wheel) to design an intervention consisting of the bundled provision of a pressure cooker, chapati pan and training; and testing the intervention in a small (n = 19) pre-post study.There was high uptake of the intervention, with the pans being used by all participants on roughly two-fifths of days. Target foods were cooked more frequently on LPG in the intervention phase, resulting in a significant increase in PAYG LPG use and an insignificant decrease in charcoal use. A third of participants stopped cooking with charcoal altogether, but some residual charcoal usage continued amongst the remainder.The results show that targeted stacking interventions can simultaneously promote sustained use of clean fuels and dis-adoption of polluting ones, resulting in commercial gains for clean cooking fuel providers. This could address the wicked problem of fuel stacking and accelerate progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 7.

Socio-economic factors and clean cooking fuel consumption in India: A household level study

The present paper investigates the clean cooking fuel transition in India and the role of socio-economic factors, in determining the primary cooking fuel choices among Indian households during the last seven years. Our empirical finding suggests that there has been a sharp increase in clean cooking fuel consumption from 2015–16 to 2019–21 across the socio-economic groups, castes, religions and rural-urban areas. Our logit regression estimates based on NFHS fourth and fifth-round data on a sample of 664,543 and 685,337 households suggest that socioeconomic status is imperative in the clean cooking fuel consumption process. We further demonstrate that, as the household's size and age increase, they prefer less clean cooking fuels; however, households living in urban areas, especially female-headed, are more likely to use clean cooking fuels than their counterparts. Our finding also indicates that lower caste households are less likely to use clean cooking fuel than their upper caste counterparts, even though there has been a sharp improvement for the SC caste from 2015–16 to 2019–21. A comparatively contrasting result for religion suggests that Muslims and Christians are more likely to use clean cooking fuels than Hindus. Similarly, households with higher educational attainment, better wealth status, and female financial decision-makers with the availability of piped water sources are more likely to use clean cooking fuels. Further, to understand the effectiveness of PMUY policies on overall LPG use, a Difference In Difference (DID) technique has been applied, and the result indicates a positive impact of PMUY on the overall use of clean cooking fuel for the BPL households.

Utilization of Biogas in Generators to Generate Electricity

Agricultural and livestock biomass waste is a potential source of basic materials in producing biogas because the organic content it has is quite high so it needs to be used in generators as engine fuel mixtures. The purpose of the research is to get the best treatment by looking at the time the generator operates and the highest electrical power produced. This research was conducted using an experimental method with 3 treatments with 3 replications, namely using a mixture of cow dung with rice straw (P1), cow dung with corn cobs (P2), and cow dung with water hyacinth (P3), and the use of biogas and LPG as generator fuel with biogas levels of 5, 10, and 15% and LPG 95, 90, and 85%. The results showed that the best biogas yield was obtained from a mixture of cow dung and rice straw (P1) with a level of 5%. Biogas with a level of 5% can turn on the generator for longer. The generator can operate for 10.10 minutes by producing 946 watts of electrical power.

Successes and challenges to implementing the Fondo de Inclusión Social Energético LPG access program in Peru: Novel insights from front-end implementers

BackgroundHousehold air pollution due to the burning of solid fuels is one of the leading risk factors for disease and mortality worldwide, resulting in an estimated three million deaths annually. Peru's national LPG access program, FISE, aims to reduce the use of biomass fuels and increase access to cleaner fuels for cooking in low-income Peruvian households through public-private partnerships. Perspectives from front-end program implementers are needed to better understand barriers and facilitators to program implementation and to identify strategies to strengthen program reach, uptake, and health impact. MethodsWe conducted fourteen 30–60-minute, semi-structured interviews with FISE-authorized LPG vendors (also known as agents) in Puno, Peru from November to December of 2019. Questions focused on barriers and facilitators to program enrollment and participation as an LPG agent, and agents' motivations for participating in the program. ResultsOverall, agents expressed satisfaction with the FISE program and a willingness to continue participating in the program. Distance from main cities and the homes of program participants, knowledge of FISE and LPG stoves among community members, cell service, and lack of communication with FISE authorities were cited as barriers to implementation and LPG distribution. Agents' previous experience selling LPG, as well as their social networks and understanding of the health impacts of household air pollution, aided agents in more effectively navigating the system of FISE rules and regulations and in better serving their clients. Many agents were motivated to participate in FISE because they saw it as a service to their community and found ways to prioritize the needs of beneficiaries. ConclusionThe FISE program provides an example of how a large-scale national program can successfully partner with local private enterprises for program implementation. Building upon the strengths of community-based LPG agents, educating community members on the use and benefits of LPG, incentivizing and supporting delivery services, and improving communication will be key for increasing program utilization and exclusive use of LPG, and improving health outcomes among Peru's most vulnerable populations.

Pemanfaatan Batu Bara Muda Dan Kulit Kacang Tanah Menjadi Briket Oleh Kelompok Penerima Manfaat Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH)

The community service activities carried out by the FT team at Universitas Negeri Makassar which were carried out in Lanne Village, Tondong Talasa District, Pangkep Regency, have made a very significant contribution to the community, especially in the Lanne village area, we received great appreciation. good reception and high enthusiasm. The briquette making training held in Lanne Village is one way to make use of peanut shells that are simply thrown away or become trash. This training is expected to improve the community's economy and reduce the use of LPG. Some of the supporting factors for this activity include: Training participants have a great willingness to obtain information and knowledge about briquette making. By utilizing peanut shells which are usually thrown away because the people of Lanne Village are mostly peanut farmers and it's good that young coal is easy to get there, once a former coal mine has now become a former mine. The obstacles experienced during the activity were damaged roads so it took quite a long time to get to the training location quickly.

The characteristics of gasoline engines with the use of LPG: An experimental and numerical study

The characteristics of gasoline engines with the use of LPG: An experimental and numerical study

Adoption of innovative energy efficiency pots to enhance sustained use of clean cooking with gas in resource-poor households in Kenya: Perceptions from participants of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundScaling up clean cooking is a priority to address the substantial health burden from exposure to household air pollution resulting from burning of polluting fuels. The costs of cooking equipment and fuel, as well as cooking behaviors, may present barriers to adoption and sustained use of clean cooking. This paper reports novel qualitative findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) evaluating the effects of innovative energy-efficient cooking pots on sustained use of LPG for the first time in a low and middle-income setting. MethodSemi-structured interviews (SSIs) were conducted with 22 of 200 cooks (LPG primary users) from an informal settlement in Nairobi, participating in the RCT. Data were analysed through thematic analysis. ResultsReported benefits of the enhanced pots (compared to standard pots), included perceived fuel and time savings and prestige. Findings also indicate participants' willingness to pay for the pots and ways to support their scale. ConclusionThis study highlights the potential for energy-efficient pots in facilitating sustained/exclusive clean cooking with LPG and their ability to meet all cooking needs. This is relevant to informing commercial scalability of energy-efficient cookware in the local Kenyan market.

Studi perbandingan penggunaan bahan bakar gas dan bahan bakar minyak pada mesin katinting

Fuel is an important energy in fishing operations. Fuel is very influential on operational costs. One of the ways that fishermen can make a profit is by reducing the operational costs of fishing. Fuel consumption was calculated at least the amount of fuel used by the katinting engine at three different RPMs, using a ratio of pertalite type fuel oil and 3 kg LPG gas fuel with an engine operating time of 15 minutes. The average pertalite consumption at low RPM is Rp.1,784.25, while the use of LPG is Rp.761. Based on this value, a comparison of 234.461235% found that gas fuel is more efficient than oil fuel. The average pertalite consumption cost at moderate RPM is Rp.2,926.125, while for LPG use it is Rp.1,115. Based on the value found a comparison of 262.432735% gas fuel is more efficient than fuel oil. The average pertalite consumption at high RPM is Rp.4,271.25, while the use of LPG is Rp.1,574. Based on the average value of fuel consumption at high RPM, a comparison of 271.36277 was found. Gas fuel is more economical than the use of fuel oil in the katinting engine, seen from the comparison of the percentage of the consumption of fuel oil and gas fuel at each RPM.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Household Stove Use-Choice and Stove Stacking Patterns in Ghana Using Multinomial Logit Models

Background and Aim: Air pollution is the fourth-highest risk factor for premature deaths globally and the second-highest risk factor for premature deaths in Ghana. Understanding the socioeconomic correlates of cooking stove/fuel choices and stove stacking patterns is a precursor to designing effective household air pollution interventions. Methods: The study used a quantitative cross-sectional design to collect data from sampled districts in all 16 regions of Ghana, covering about 7,400 household-level respondents in 370 enumeration areas (EAs); across 177 urban EAs and 193 rural EAs. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at home. The questionnaire was designed to elicit information on primary, secondary, and tertiary cooking stoves and fuels. Results: Use of LPG correlates positively with education (Primary education-RRR:2.377, p<0.01, CI: 95), (Middle/JHS education-RRR:3.019, p<0.0, CI:95), (Technical/SHS education-RRR:6.491, p<0.01, CI: 95), (Post-secondary/University education-RRR:14.41, p<0.01, CI:95). Similarly, use of an LPG-charcoal stove mix compared to Charcoal stove-open fire mix correlates positively with education. All else equal, households with more than one cookstove (RRR:1.185, p<0.05, CI:95), and urban households (RRR:6.488, p<0.01, CI:95) reported using LPG stoves as their primary cookstove more frequently than did households using a single stove or living in rural areas. The age of the primary cook (RRR:1.44, p<0.1, CI:95), household income (RRR: 1.052, p<0.1, CI:95), and urbanicity (RRR:4.134, p<0.01, CI:95) were statistically significant in predicting use of an LPG-Charcoal mix compared to Charcoal stove-open fire mix. LPG, charcoal and 3-stone (open fire) stoves refer to cooking devices that are fueled by combustible gas, charcoal and wood respectively. Conclusion: Most households in Ghana use multiple cookstoves and fuels. Biomass fuel use is concentrated in poorer, less educated, and rural households. Equitable household energy transitions will require particular attention to encouraging sustained exclusive use of clean fuels in these communities to improve health. Keywords: socioeconomic factors, cookstove, choice, stove stacking,

Health impacts of solid fuel use in Ghana: A nationally representative assessment of cooking-related burns

BACKGROUND AND AIM Burns and burn-related injuries are still a major public health problem. Every day, over 30,000 people suffer new severe burns worldwide. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate burden (70%) of these burns. While burn prevention strategies have successfully been implemented in high-income countries, a paucity of data regarding the incidence and risk factors of burns in LMICs limits their expansion. Here, we aimed to describe the country-level incidence of serious cooking-related burns in Ghana and to identify household-level risk factors for adults and children. METHODS We conducted a nationally representative household energy use survey in Ghana in 2020. The final sample included 7,389 households across 370 enumeration areas in all 16 regions of Ghana. An adapted version of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves Burns Surveillance Module was administered to each respondent. We computed incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals using the Byar’s approximation and conducted univariate logistic regression to identify potential risk factors. RESULTS Out of 7,389 households, we documented 129 serious cooking-related burns which had occurred in the previous 12 months. Slightly more than half (55%) of those burns occurred among adults. The incidence rate (95% CI) of cooking-related burns per 1000 person-years was 9.7 (7.7; 12) and 11 (8.5; 14) among adults and children respectively. Among adults, the odds (95% CI) of experiencing a serious cooking-related burn were 2.29 (1.02; 5.14) and 2.40 (1.04; 5.55) times higher among primary wood and charcoal users respectively compared to primary LPG users. No children burns were documented in households where LPG was primarily used. CONCLUSIONS Using a nationally representative sample, we characterized the incidence of cooking-related burns across demographic groups in Ghana. Solid fuel use compared to LPG use doubled the odds of experiencing such burns. KEYWORDS Burns; Solid fuel; Energy access; LMICs; Ghana

Analysis of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Quality Due to the Construction of the Miftahun Najah Islamic Boarding School

Air pollution comes from construction activities in the development of educational infrastructure buildings because it has an impact on changes in green open space and an increase in air pollution, especially Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions in the air. The contribution of increasing CO2 and CO emissions can be sourced from all activities of workers who use energy such as procurement of building materials, use of transportation fuels, electricity use activities, and LPG use activities. Carbon footprint is a measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that come from activities or accumulations from daily activities. This study aims to determine the amount of carbon Monoxide (CO) and CO2 emissions as indicators of air quality at the Miftahun Najah Islamic Boarding School. Measurement of Carbon Monoxide (CO) parameters was carried out for one week with 7 samplings in the morning and samplings in the afternoon in situ. Measurements using the Lutron GCO-2008 CO meter and carbon footprint calculations using the IPCC 2006 method. The measurement results were obtained in the afternoon with a total of 9,926 mg/Nm3 and the lowest in the morning was 1,102 mg/Nm3. Air temperature in the morning to evening ranged from 29oC – 36oC. The results showed that the concentration of Carbon Monoxide in the development of Islamic boarding school buildings was still below the quality standards set according to Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021, namely10,000 μg / Nm3.