Use Of Fingerprinting Research Articles

An Enhanced Computational Fusion Technique for Security of Authentication of Electronic Voting System

The detection of a false individual who had not been enrolled as a genuine participant in an election could be potentially detected in electronic voting systems as against paper-based methods. In recent time, one-time password and biometrics have been used to curtail false acceptance of imposters. However, imposters had unlawfully stolen the credentials of genuine individuals, gained unauthorized access, and polled illegitimate votes due to poor authentication methodology. The accuracy of a multi-biometric system is a function of the data type used and fusion method adopted. This paper presented a computational fusion approach that involved the use of fingerprint and randomly generated voter identification number to effectively satisfy the authentication security requirement of the electronic voting system. New architectural and mathematical equations on the proposed approach were presented to tackle the problem of false acceptance rate and improve on the true acceptance rate of a biometric system. Algorithm to achieve the proposed approach was presented in this paper as well.

Determining Fingerprint Age with Mass Spectrometry Imaging via Ozonolysis of Triacylglycerols.

Despite the common use of fingerprints as a trusted means of identification, no method currently exists to reliably establish the time since deposition of latent fingerprints. A reproducible method of establishing latent fingerprint age would allow forensic personnel to determine if a latent fingerprint was relevant to a crime. This work investigates the ambient aging of triacylglycerols (TGs) and other lipids in latent fingerprint residue utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Unsaturated TGs were found to undergo ambient ozonolysis resulting in a decrease over time. At the same time, two series of compounds related to the degradation of unsaturated TGs due to ambient ozonolysis emerged with time and were detectable within a single day of aging. Tracking the degradation of unsaturated TGs over time proved to be relatively reproducible in multiple individuals and is suggested as a means of establishing latent fingerprint age.

Fingerprint Biometrics From Newborn to Adult: A Study From a National Identity Database System

In this work, we evaluate the use of fingerprints to identify people from a very young age. Although it is well known that fingerprints are stable all along life, and even before born fingerprint patterns are fully developed, automatic identification (or comparison) systems are developed generally for adult fingerprints. Our interest is not only to study the feasibility of using child fingerprints for automatic identification but to determine if that is possible with the existing software and hardware. There are two related questions that we do answer in this work. First, starting at what age are digitally acquired fingerprints good enough for automatic comparison. Second, what is the performance when comparing fingerprints from children against fingerprints from adults. In order to answer these questions, we have run a set of experiments on a database composed of more than 200K fingerprints from approximately 134K identities. We show that, after applying a growth factor to scale minors fingerprints to an adult size, good accuracy can be obtained from ages starting at one year old, and that fingerprints of children and adults can be compared without a significant loss of accuracy (with respect to adult vs adult). We consider this study extremely useful for both researchers and decision makers, as it is a testimony that even without additional developments, fingerprints from children can be used for automatic comparison on real scenarios.

Lip Prints: The Underestimated Identifiers in the Combat against Crime

Crime is prevalent in our modern society and there does not appear to be an escape from it. It is not restricted to particular sections of the world, but occurs all over the globe. Through the years, excellent progress has been made in crime-combating methodologies and technologies; yet, there does not seem to be an ideal deterrent to crime. It is therefore paramount that the criminal justice system is equipped with the best possible tools to accurately identify and bring offenders to justice. A method that has crystallised in the accurate identification of offenders is the use of fingerprint evidence.Fingerprints are well known for their high probative value. Every human being possesses unique fingerprints and, for that reason, can be associated with such prints to a high degree of certainty when they are found on a particular object and/or surface. There exist various databases that store records of fingerprints for the purposes of comparison in criminal or other investigations.However, what happens when no fingerprints are available in a particular situation, but there is another type of print, like a lip print? Can a positive identification be made from a lip print? Is there a database of lip prints that can be accessed for the purpose of comparisons? What is the probative value of a lip print? These are important questions because, in cases of murder, rape and burglary, lip prints (sometimes accompanied by tooth marks) may be present at the crime scene or on the clothes or body of a victim.In this article, the probative value of lip prints, classified as body-prints, is examined and evaluated. This is a necessary examination, as lip-print evidence has not been used much in the court system. Cheiloscopy, a forensic investigative technique, is also discussed. This technique concerns the identification of a human being from his or her lip traces. Lip prints are also compared to fingerprints in order to determine their probative value. The question is whether there should be a database of lip prints in order to facilitate the identification of suspects in cases where no fingerprints, other body-prints or any other identifying features are present and possible. Furthermore, this article also investigates whether DNA extraction is possible from lip prints; if possible, this would have a profound influence on the success rate of the criminal justice system in identifying offenders and bringing them to justice.In this article, reference to the masculine gender refers also to the feminine gender, and vice versa.

Klasifikasi Anjing dan Kucing menggunakan Algoritma Linear Discriminant Analysis dan Support Vector Machine

One of the factors driving technological development is the increase in computers ability to complete various jobs. One of them is doing image processing, which is widely used in our daily life, such as the use of fingerprints, face/iris recognition barcodes, medical needs, and various other uses. Classification is one of the applications of image processing that is used the most. One algorithm that can be used for the development of image classification systems is Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). LDA is a feature extraction algorithm to find a subspace that separates classes well. SVM is a classification algorithm, based on the idea of finding a hyperplane that best divides a dataset into classes. In this study, LDA and SVM algorithms were tested on the dog and cat classification system, with the highest F- score calculation results being 0.69 with 200 training data and 50 testing data for cats and 0.64 with 200 training data and 30 testing data for dogs.

FUNGSI GLCM PADA BACKPROPAGATION UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI SIDIK JARI

The use of fingerprints for identification has been done a lot, both in the police for investigations, in government for absences, in population and much more. To identify fingerprints, various methods are widely used which purpose is to produce a better level of accuracy. This is as reference to find out how important the function of the method will be used before the identification process is applied. The renewal of this research prioritizes how far the function of GLCM (GRAY LEVEL CO-OCCURRENCE MATRIX) is useful to improve the accuracy of fingerprint identification using the backpropagation method. The test results showed that GLCM can affect the increase in accuracy to 83%.

The role of speech technology in biometrics, forensics and man-machine interface

<span lang="EN-US">Day by day Optimism is growing that in the near future our society will witness the Man-Machine Interface (MMI) using voice technology. Computer manufacturers are building voice recognition sub-systems in their new product lines. Although, speech technology based MMI technique is widely used before, needs to gather and apply the deep knowledge of spoken language and performance during the electronic machine-based interaction. Biometric recognition refers to a system that is able to identify individuals based on their own behavior and biological characteristics. Fingerprint success in forensic science and law enforcement applications with growing concerns relating to border control, banking access fraud, machine access control and IT security, there has been great interest in the use of fingerprints and other biological symptoms for the automatic recognition. It is not surprising to see that the application of biometric systems is playing an important role in all areas of our society. Biometric applications include access to smartphone security, mobile payment, the international border, national citizen register and reserve facilities. The use of MMI by speech technology, which includes automated speech/speaker recognition and natural language processing, has the significant impact on all existing businesses based on personal computer applications. With the help of powerful and affordable microprocessors and artificial intelligence algorithms, the human being can talk to the machine to drive and control all computer-based applications. Today's applications show a small preview of a rich future for MMI based on voice technology, which will ultimately replace the keyboard and mouse with the microphone for easy access and make the machine more intelligent.</span>

Indonesia Words Detection Using Fingerprint Winnowing Algorithm

The action of plagiarism is bad deeds that violate the code of ethics in the world of writing that often occur in the academic environment, the lack of interest in reading and creativity of the nation is one of the factors that cause obstruction of the progress of a nation. Besides the plagiarism action bad for good name at a college which is caused by the plagiarist. This needs to be minimized or prevented so that the problem does not happen again. the use of fingerprint in winnowing algorithm can solve the problem. winnowing algorithm is an algorithm used to match a word for word with hashing method, the use of n-gram and w-gram is very influential on result of similarity.

Comparison of Fingerprint Pattern, Face Shape and Gender in a Hospital Based Outpatient Population

Background: Gender and face shape classification from fingerprints is an important procedure in forensic anthropology in order to identify the gender of a criminal, their face shape type and narrow down the scope of suspects search. The use of fingerprint gives a likelihood probability value of the gender of a suspect. This study will show the data collection of fingerprint, face shape and gender in an outpatient population visiting a tertiary care dental hospital in Chennai. Aim: To evaluate and determine the correlation between the fingerprint pattern with their face shape and gender among outpatient population. Materials and Method: The study group comprised of 100 individuals from an outpatient population. The materials used are normal stamp ink and white bond paper. The data obtained will be analysed on the fingerprint pattern and its correlation to the face shape and gender. Results: In males, the most dominant combination is between whorl type finger print and round face shapes which is 8% of total participants. In females, the most dominant combination is also whorl type finger print and round face shape which is 10% of total participants. Conclusion: Narrowing of suspects in the criminal identification and reduction in the time consumed are advantages of this study. In anthropology, the skull remaining can be re-built by 3D imaging which will give their face shapes and the gender can be predicted.

Study of Fingerprint Patterns in Population of a Community

Fingerprints, serve as one of the crucial tools for identification of the individual for various purposes. Sex, being one of those tools, researchers have suggested the use of fingerprints for gender identification. The objective of the study was to observe the distribution of various fingerprints patterns in the population of a community, together with the most prevalent pattern. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the population of Duwakot VDC, Bhaktapur from May 2019 to July 2019. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee with reference no. 2812201804. One hundred and ninety-six individuals of 18 to 60 years of age were enrolled. Fingerprints of all ten fingers were taken and studied to see the distribution pattern and analyzed for gender differences. Simple random sampling was done and the sample size was calculated with a prevalence of 50%. The data obtained were computed and analyzed using Excel to find the results. The study showed the highest frequency of loops 1033 (52.71%) followed by whorls 537 (27.38%), arches 300 (15.28%) and composite pattern 90 (4.61%). The radial loops were observed more in the males 397 (5.54%) of total males whereas ulnar loops were observed more in the females 636 (96.38%) of total females. Among whorls, the concentric whorls were seen more in males 245 (52.03%) whereas the spiral whorls were seen more in the females 292 (53.27%). For standard authenticity of the sexual dimorphism, fingerprint patterns, can also be considered for gender identification purposes.

Fingerprinting Chamaesiphon populations as an approach to assess the quality of running waters

AbstractCyanobacterial communities are highly diverse in freshwaters and respond rapidly to changing environments. Previous studies have highlighted variations in the structure and composition of epilithic cyanobacterial communities in response to eutrophication in watercourses. In the present study, changes in benthic cyanobacterial communities from Guadalix River (Spain) biofilms were examined using temperature‐gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) in conjunction with microscopic examination of field‐fixed samples, focusing on populations of one of the dominant cyanobacteria: Chamaesiphon. Environmental characteristics were determined in order to characterize the trophic status of the sampling sites. The presence of cyanobacteria in the river was determined from complex TGGE patterns, band extraction, and subsequent sequencing of 16S rDNA gene fragments. The microscopic observations revealed that the unicellular genus Chamaesiphon and the filamentous genus Phormidium were dominant in the studied locations. Within the 2 genera, 4 Chamaesiphon populations were identified (Chamaesiphon fuscus, Chamaesiphon starmachii, Chamaesiphon subglobosus, and Chamaesiphon polymorphus) and Phormidium was represented at the sampling sites by the Phormidium autumnale morphotype. TGGE banding patterns differed among samplings sites as a function of water quality. The genetic analysis revealed 4 phylotypes within the genus Chamaesiphon and 1 phylotype within the classic P. autumnale clade. Chamaesiphon phylotypes were not equally distributed in all the sampling locations. Some phylotypes were related to low nutrient concentrations, while others were associated with eutrophic conditions. Our results support the use of fingerprints of Chamaesiphon populations obtained by TGGE to examine changes in water quality.

Rapid, Secure Drug Testing Using Fingerprint Development and Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry.

Paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) is a technique that has recently emerged and has shown excellent analytical sensitivity to a number of drugs in blood. As an alternative to blood, fingerprints have been shown to provide a noninvasive and traceable sampling matrix. Our goal was to validate the use of fingerprint samples to detect cocaine use. Samples were collected on triangular pieces (168 mm2) of washed Whatman Grade I chromatography paper. Following application of internal standard, spray solvent and a voltage were applied to the paper before mass spectrometry detection. A fingerprint visualization step was incorporated into the analysis procedure by addition of silver nitrate solution and exposing the sample to ultraviolet light. Limits of detection for cocaine, benzoylecgonine, and methylecgonine were 1, 2, and 31 ng/mL respectively, with relative standard deviations < 33%. No matrix effects were observed. Analysis of 239 fingerprint samples yielded a 99% true-positive rate and a 2.5% false-positive rate, based on the detection of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, or methylecgonine with use of a single fingerprint. The method offers a qualitative and noninvasive screening test for cocaine use. The analysis method developed is rapid (4 min/sample) and requires no sample preparation.

Optical cryptography with biometrics for multi-depth objects

We propose an optical cryptosystem for encrypting images of multi-depth objects based on the combination of optical heterodyne technique and fingerprint keys. Optical heterodyning requires two optical beams to be mixed. For encryption, each optical beam is modulated by an optical mask containing either the fingerprint of the person who is sending, or receiving the image. The pair of optical masks are taken as the encryption keys. Subsequently, the two beams are used to scan over a multi-depth 3-D object to obtain an encrypted hologram. During the decryption process, each sectional image of the 3-D object is recovered by convolving its encrypted hologram (through numerical computation) with the encrypted hologram of a pinhole image that is positioned at the same depth as the sectional image. Our proposed method has three major advantages. First, the lost-key situation can be avoided with the use of fingerprints as the encryption keys. Second, the method can be applied to encrypt 3-D images for subsequent decrypted sectional images. Third, since optical heterodyning scanning is employed to encrypt a 3-D object, the optical system is incoherent, resulting in negligible amount of speckle noise upon decryption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time optical cryptography of 3-D object images has been demonstrated in an incoherent optical system with biometric keys.

Wi-Fi 환경에서 가상 Access Point를 이용한 실내 위치추정 알고리즘의 성능분석

실내 Wi-Fi환경에서 위치추정 정확도를 향상시키기 위한 위치추정에 대한 연구가 수년 동안 계속되어 오고 있다. 핑거프린트 기법 및 전파모델은 실내 위치추정에 있어서 매우 중요한 기술이다. 추가적인 하드웨어 없이 저비용으로 핑거프린트 기법을 사용하는 다양한 위치추정 시스템에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 실내 위치추정 모델에서 VAP (virtual access points) 개념을 사용하여 이러한 목표를 실현한 사례는 매우 드물다. 본 논문은 Wi-Fi 환경의 핑거프린트 기반에서 VAP를 사용한 실내 위치추정 시스템의 아이디어를 제시하였다. 이 아이디어의 핵심은 실제 실내 Wi-Fi 환경에서 VAP를 사용하여 AP의 역할을 수행 할 수 있다. 제안 알고리즘의 성능분석을 위하여 4개의 시나리오를 사용하여 실험한 결과, 1개의 AP 대신에 2개의 VAP를 사용했을 때 가장 우수한 결과가 도출되었으며, 실험의 3번째 경우인 3개의 AP와 2개의 VAP를 사용했을 때 3.99 미터의 가장 낮은 위치오차가 발생하였음을 확인하였다. In recent years, indoor localization has been researched for the improvement of its localization accuracy capability in Wi-Fi environment. The fingerprint and RF propagation models has been the main approach in determining indoor positioning. With the use of fingerprint, a low-cost, versatile localization system can be achieved without the use of external hardware. However, only a few research have been made on virtual access points (VAPs) among indoor localization models. In this paper, the idea of indoor localization system using fingerprint with the addition of VAP in Wi-Fi environment is discussed. The idea is to virtually add APs in the existing indoor Wi-Fi system, this would mean additional virtually APs in the network. The experiments of the proposed algorithm shows the positive results when 2VAPs are used compared with only APs. A combination of 3APs and 2VAPs in the 3rd case had the lowest average error of 3.99 among its 4 scenarios.

THE UTILITY OF FINGERPRINT-BASED PARTICIPANT IDENTIFICATION AND CONSENTING IN CLINICAL TRIALS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY SETTINGS

BackgroundInvolvement in clinical research requires evidence of informed participant consent, and in many low-income countries with high illiteracy rates, this is done by a fingerprint impression on paper. Due to...

Fingerprint: A Unique and Reliable Method for Identification

Fingerprints have been the gold standard for personal identification within the forensic community for more than one hundred years. It is still universal in spite of discovery of DNA fingerprint. The science of fingerprint identification has evolved over time from the early use of finger prints to mark business transactions in ancient Babylonia to their use today as core technology in biometric security devices and as scientific evidence in courts of law throughout the world. The science of fingerprints, dactylography or dermatoglyphics, had long been widely accepted, and well acclaimed and reputed as panacea for individualization, particularly in forensic investigations. Human fingerprints are detailed, unique, difficult to alter, and durable over the life of an individual, making them suitable as lifelong markers of human identity. Fingerprints can be readily used by police or other authorities to identify individuals who wish to conceal their identity, or to identify people who are incapacitated or deceased, as in the aftermath of a natural disasterJ Enam Med Col 2017; 7(1): 29-34

Chemometrical analysis of fingerprints for the detection of counterfeit and falsified medicines

Abstract Counterfeit medicines pose a major threat to public health worldwide. These pharmaceuticals are mostly manufactured without respecting Good Manufacturing Practices. Moreover, they are not subjected to any form of quality control, and therefore their safety, efficacy, and quality cannot be guaranteed. Extensive research on counterfeit medicines has already been performed and published in literature. This review aims at providing an updated overview of the use of fingerprints and subsequent multivariate (chemometrical) data analysis in the field of counterfeit medicine detection. Fingerprinting could be a useful tool in the analysis of counterfeit medicines because it generates a holistic view of a sample, rather than focusing on specific and predefined characteristics, such as identification and quantification of present active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review first provides an introduction into the counterfeiting problem. Next, the concept of fingerprinting and the basic principles of chemometrics are explained, followed by a description of the successful application of fingerprints in the field of Pharmacognosy. The last part of this review provides an overview describing the use of fingerprints in counterfeit medicine research.

Secure Social Multimedia Big Data Sharing Using Scalable JFE in the TSHWT Domain

With the advent of social networks and cloud computing, the amount of multimedia data produced and communicated within social networks is rapidly increasing. In the meantime, social networking platforms based on cloud computing have made multimedia big data sharing in social networks easier and more efficient. The growth of social multimedia, as demonstrated by social networking sites such as Facebook and YouTube, combined with advances in multimedia content analysis, underscores potential risks for malicious use, such as illegal copying, piracy, plagiarism, and misappropriation. Therefore, secure multimedia sharing and traitor tracing issues have become critical and urgent in social networks. In this article, a joint fingerprinting and encryption (JFE) scheme based on tree-structured Haar wavelet transform (TSHWT) is proposed with the purpose of protecting media distribution in social network environments. The motivation is to map hierarchical community structure of social networks into a tree structure of Haar wavelet transform for fingerprinting and encryption. First, fingerprint code is produced using social network analysis (SNA). Second, the content is decomposed based on the structure of fingerprint code by the TSHWT. Then, the content is fingerprinted and encrypted in the TSHWT domain. Finally, the encrypted contents are delivered to users via hybrid multicast-unicast. The proposed method, to the best of our knowledge, is the first scalable JFE method for fingerprinting and encryption in the TSHWT domain using SNA. The use of fingerprinting along with encryption using SNA not only provides a double layer of protection for social multimedia sharing in social network environment but also avoids big data superposition effect. Theory analysis and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed JFE scheme.

Effect of parameter values on fingerprint filtering

Fingerprint is presently the most significant biometric for human verification and identification. The reason being its highest degree of uniqueness, availability, durability and consistency when compared with other biometrics such as face, nose, iris, ear, palm print and signature. The use of fingerprint in human identity management spans through stages of enrolment, enhancement, feature extraction and pattern matching. The enhancement stage involves ridge segmentation, normalization, orientation estimation, frequency estimation, filtering, binarization and thinning. Filtering is the stage at which all forms of noise and contaminations introduced into the image during enrolment are removed. The removal of noise and contaminations is necessary for accurate feature extraction and pattern matching. In some of the existing fingerprint image filtering algorithms, accurate and appropriate parameter selections are essential for obtaining optimal and satisfactory results. In this research, the existing Gabor filter was modified and the values of some standard parameters were varied. Experimental study on the adequacy of the modified algorithm and its parameter values on fingerprint filtering were investigated on the standard FVC2002 fingerprint database. Comparative analysis of the obtained results with what were obtained from some existing algorithms shows satisfactory and acceptable performances of the modified algorithm.

Improving counting Bloom filter performance with fingerprints

Bloom filters (BFs) are used in many applications for approximate check of set membership. Counting Bloom filters (CBFs) are an extension of BFs that enable the deletion of entries at the cost of additional storage requirements. Several alternatives to CBFs can be used to reduce the storage overhead. For example schemes based on d-left hashing or Cuckoo hashing have been proposed. Recently, also a new type of CBF, the Variable Increment Counting Bloom Filter (VI-CBF) has been introduced to improve performance. The VI-CBF uses different increments in the filter counters to reduce the false positive rate and therefore the storage requirements. In this paper, another mechanism to improve CBF performance: the Fingerprint Counting Bloom Filter (FP-CBF) is presented. The proposed scheme is based on the use of fingerprints on the filter entries to reduce the false positive rate. This results in a simpler implementation than VI-CBFs in terms of number of hash functions and arithmetic operations. The false positive rate of the proposed scheme has also been analyzed theoretically and by simulation and compared with the VI-CBF. The results show that the proposed scheme can achieve lower false positive rates than those of a simple VI-CBF implementation. When compared with a better and more complex VI-CBF implementation, the FP-CBF outperforms it when the number of bits per element is large while the VI-CBF is better for low number of bits per element.