Use Of Electronic Platforms Research Articles

The Role of E-Government in Public Services: A Bibliometric Analysis

This research investigates the pivotal role of e-government in public services through the lens of bibliometric analysis, employing the Biblioshiny tool for comprehensive bibliometric evaluation. E-government, a transformative force in contemporary public administration, involves the use of electronic platforms to deliver government services to citizens. The study employs bibliometric analysis to systematically examine and quantify the scholarly output, trends, and patterns in research related to the role of e-government in public services. The research leverages Biblioshiny, a sophisticated bibliometric analysis tool, to conduct an in-depth examination of a diverse range of publications. This tool facilitates the extraction of valuable insights from academic literature, shedding light on key thematic areas, prolific authors, and publication trends over specified periods. By employing bibliometric analysis, the study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intellectual landscape surrounding e-government in public services. The findings of this research are expected to contribute significantly to the understanding of the scholarly discourse on the role of e-government in public services. By utilizing bibliometric analysis, the study aims to identify gaps in existing research, highlight areas of prolific academic activity, and provide insights that can inform future research directions and policy considerations in the realm of e-government. Ultimately, this research endeavours to offer a nuanced and data-driven perspective on the evolving landscape of e-government and its impact on shaping effective and citizen-centric public services, thereby enhancing the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of government operations and interactions with the public.

CURRENT TRENDS IN LABOR POTENTIAL MANAGEMENT: THE ROLE AND IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGIES AND CHANGES IN THE WORKING BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

In the course of writing the scientific article, the essence and role of modern trends in the management of labor potential were investigated, the implementation of which becomes an important strategic goal for enterprises in the modern business environment. The study of this topic made it possible to reveal the influence of the latest approaches to personnel management. In particular, the analysis of trends indicates changes in the structure of organizations, moving from hierarchical models to teamwork and emphasizing the importance of cooperation. The emergence of a large number of leaders and an emphasis on corporate culture are becoming key features of the new management approach. The conducted research shows that technology currently plays a decisive role in the modern business environment, providing automation of routine tasks, increasing efficiency and productivity. The use of electronic platforms and online courses makes training and development more accessible and personalized, contributing to the continuous development of personnel.

Lessons From the Field. Chronic disease: Action for post‐pandemic wellness and health

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aim to share practical insight acquired while implementing the Chronic Disease Self‐Management Program (CDSMP), offering strategies to reach and support diverse individuals with chronic diseases.BackgroundIn light of a global rise in chronic diseases, existing health disparities, and increasingly limited health care access, exacerbated by COVID‐19, empowering individuals through self‐management becomes important to alleviate burdens for families, individuals, and healthcare systems.MethodsUptake and effectiveness of CDSMP were quantified via enrollment data and evaluation instruments. Qualitative exploration of instructor feedback provided lessons learned.ResultsParticipation in CDSMP courses increased during the pandemic with participants reporting greater confidence and frequency of engagement in self‐management activities. Strategic efforts including partnership‐building, targeted marketing, and innovative delivery methods played a pivotal role in recruitment success. Inclusivity measures, such as use of electronic platforms and varied engagement options, broadened program accessibility. Addressing social isolation emerged as a key factor, both as an end in itself and as a motivator for course engagement and retention.ConclusionReducing barriers related to program accessibility, inclusivity, and social isolation are important factors influencing program enrollment both in total number and in diversity of participants, course engagement and retention, and program effectiveness.ImplicationsLessons learned can inform future implementation as family educators seek to uplift and improve the well‐being and health of diverse families coping with chronic diseases.

Big Data and Different Subspace Clustering Approaches: From social media promotion to genome mapping

In the present age of information technology, information is the most important factor in determining how different paradigms will progress. This information needs to be mined out of a massive computer treasure trove. The rise in the amount of data been analyzed and interpreted is a direct result of the proliferation of more powerful processing platforms, the increase in the amount of storage space available, and the transition toward the use of electronic platforms. A thorough study of Big Data, its characteristics, and the role that Subspace clustering algorithm plays is described in this work. The most important contribution that this paper makes is that it reads a lot of previous research and then makes a thorough presentation about the different ways that other authors have classified subspace clustering methods. In addition, significant algorithms that are capable of acting as a benchmark for any future development have been provided with a short explanation

Reactions of physicians in the state of São Paulo to the use of telemedicine during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: cross-sectional study.

Telemedicine can be a component of integrated healthcare practices and its use is not a recent phenomenon around the world. In Brazil, its more widespread use began during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, through extraordinary authorization from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. To describe some aspects of use of teleconsultation among a sample of physicians in the state of São Paulo during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Cross-sectional study based on a survey conducted by the São Paulo Medical Association (Associação Paulista de Medicina, APM) on medical practice during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic between December 18, 2020, and January 18, 2021. This survey generated responses from 2,052 physicians. Of these, 981 (47.8%) reported not practicing any form of telemedicine. Among those who reported practicing telemedicine, 274 (28.4%) reported not receiving remuneration directly for the attendance provided and 225 (23.3%) reported receiving remuneration equal to what they would have received from face-to-face consultations. Regarding the professional linkage of the physicians who undertook telemedicine attendance, the majority (499; 51.8%) only attended private patients. Regarding the resources used to provide telemedicine attendance, most of the respondents used specialized digital platforms (594; 61.6%), electronic health records (592; 61.4%) and electronic prescriptions (700; 72.6%). This study demonstrates that important issues such as professional remuneration, use of electronic platforms and medical records, ensuring data protection and relationships between physicians and other stakeholders still need to be better defined, in order to achieve the desired scale and reach the outcomes defined.

Factors affecting online knowledge sharing and its effect on academic performance

PurposeThis study aims to explore the factors that affect online knowledge sharing among the scientific performance of academics at the University of Mosul, Republic of Iraq.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by using a random sample by means of an electronic questionnaire distributed to 211 academics at the University of Mosul via online platforms. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses using AMOS 24 software.FindingsThe results showed that collaboration, perceived flexibility and willingness to share had a significant effect on online knowledge sharing behavior and that which in turn had an effect on the academic performance of respondents, while the results showed no influence of knowledge self-efficacy and communication on the behavior of online knowledge sharing.Research limitations/implicationsIn this research, the effects of five factors on online knowledge sharing behavior were studied, in addition to the effect of the latter on academic performance. The research did not study the effect of the participants’ personal characteristics on the behavior of knowledge sharing online, which could be an area of future investigation. The study was limited to online knowledge sharing for academics working in public universities, and the authors suggest conducting a future study from the perspective of medical staff working in hospitals and its impact on their performance.Practical implicationsBased on the findings of the current study, this study suggests that the academic staff at the University of Mosul and similar universities pay attention to scientific cooperation between researchers and teaching staff, by creating online groups to carry out joint research projects that contribute to sharing knowledge among participants through social media in general and scientific platforms in particular. Establishing a scientific research portal could serve this well for example.Originality/valueMost previous studies have focused on areas related to knowledge sharing in higher education institutions from the traditional perspective and therefore studies that examine the factors affecting online knowledge sharing among academics are limited, so this study fills this gap. This paper focuses on identifying the scientific benefits for academics through knowledge exchange and the use of electronic platforms at the University of Mosul. The study is expected to contribute to enhance the exchange of knowledge online between academics in similar universities in Asia and Africa due to the convergence of cultures and the nature of the work of these universities, as well as the possibility of generalization due to the research’s use of the deductive method.

Operational lessons learned in conducting an international study on pharmacovigilance in pregnancy in resource-constrained settings: The WHO Global Vaccine safety Multi-Country collaboration project

The WHO Global Vaccine Safety Multi-Country Collaboration study on safety in pregnancy aims to estimate the minimum detectable risk for selected perinatal and neonatal outcomes and assess the applicability of standardized case definitions for study outcomes and maternal immunization in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper documents the operational lessons learned from the study.A prospective observational study was conducted across 21 hospitals in seven countries. All births occurring at sites were screened to identify select perinatal and neonatal outcomes from May 2019 to August 2020. Up to 100 cases per outcome were recruited to assess the applicability of standardized case definitions. A multi-pronged study quality assurance plan was implemented. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on site functioning and project implementation was also assessed.Multi-layered ethics and administrative approvals, limited clinical documentation, difficulty in identifying outcomes requiring in-hospital follow-up, and poor quality internet connectivity emerged as important barriers to study implementation. Use of electronic platforms, application of a rigorous quality assurance plan with frequent interaction between the central and site teams helped improve data quality. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted data collection for up to 6 weeks in some sites.Our study succeeded in establishing an international hospital-based surveillance network for evaluating perinatal and neonatal outcomes using common study protocol and procedures in geographically diverse sites with differing levels of infrastructure, clinical and health-utilization practices. The enhanced surveillance capacity of participating sites shall help support future pharmacovigilance efforts for pregnancy interventions.

Сучасні переваги, недоліки та перспективи розвитку освіти в умовах дистанційного навчання у закладах вищої медичної освіти України

The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the relevance of opportunities and positive and negative features of distance learning in quarantine, development of prospects and identification of the main problems of distance education in the institutions of higher medical education of Ukraine during quarantine. This study depicts the current state, advantages, disadvantages and feasibility of implementing the transition of the institutions of higher medical education in Ukraine from traditional education to mass E-distance education. The purpose of the study is to characterize distance learning, identify the advantages and disadvantages of this form of learning, the ability to use modern computer technology at a high level of both teachers and students; determine the positive and negative use of distance education (educational platforms). Materials and methods. The main research method is a sociological survey method based on a questionnaire survey of medical university students. Results and discussion. The object of the study is distance learning in the institutions of higher medical education of Ukraine. The subject of the study is the current state and prospects for the development of distance learning. The study uses methods of analysis of reference sources and generalization of the features of the studied object, questionnaire. Conclusion. The study reveals the motivation of students to study in quarantine, rapid acquisition of information, the ability to use a computer at a modern level, communication with the teacher from anywhere. Teachers also have a sense of satisfaction with the new opportunities that open up the use of electronic platforms and tools in educational activities. This is an opportunity to find and apply fundamentally new forms and methods of teaching, continuous development and improvement of their own pedagogical skills. Regarding the practical work of future doctors, for distance learning it is necessary to improve the system of knowledge and skills, starting with the technical support of students and teachers and ending with the improvement of the process of distance transfer of practical skills, using the latest technologies. For example, it is necessary to provide students with access to cloud solutions that will allow them to perform practical skills and modeling outdoors, use simulators, training devices, get access to virtual laboratories. It is advisable to use gamification technologies, creation of digital didactic situational games and exercises, which, in addition to improving practical skills, will involve students in distance learning, because game technologies guarantee the attention and motivation of each student. The most appropriate for medical students will be the use of a hybrid model of learning, combining real education with digital one – this is the best model from the standpoint of logistics and accessibility

Tele-psychodrama therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: Participants’ experiences

Italy was severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. In early March 2020, a series of legislative decrees have been issued, establishing the restrictions that all Italian citizens are required to respect, according to which it is strictly forbidden to leave the house if not for reasons of necessity, health, or work. This qualitative study investigated which aspects clients find helpful or hindering in shifting to group tele-psychodrama due to the COVID-19 pandemic, after participation in an in-person psychodrama group. Participants were 15 adults who were members of a pre-existing in-person psychodrama group that shifted to a tele-psychodrama group format facilitated by two psychodrama therapists. The Client Change Interview was used at the end of the tele-psychodrama as a post-treatment assessment. All the interviews were transcribed and then underwent a thematic analysis.The analysis yielded six shared themes: the role of tele-psychodrama sessions during COVID-19 pandemic; perceived effectiveness of tele-psychodrama; main advantages of tele-psychodrama; limitations encountered during the online intervention; the termination of tele-psychodrama; and the relationship with the therapist. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the clinical practice of tele-psychodrama and lays the groundwork for further studies that can contribute to the use of electronic platforms in psychodrama interventions.

Knowledge and behavioral attitudes of the academic community of the high school and university levels towards the prevention of covid-19: a cross-sectional study in Guasave, Sinaloa

The COVID-19 pandemic impacts, worldwide, the daily activities of the population, in view of this, various preventive measures have been adopted to reduce the risks of contagion. In the educational field in Mexico, face-to-face classes have been suspended, adopting the use of electronic platforms; this, to avoid the risks of contagion. Measures like the aforementioned, the use of face masks, gels, healthy distance, face shields, among others, are already part of the daily routine. However, the level of perception, responsibility and behavior in the face of these measures by the various sectors of the population is unknown. In this study, the perception of high school and university students from Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico is analyzed. To know the aforementioned aspects, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out using the convenience sampling technique, applying a survey made up of 18 items of Likert-type, designed on the Google Forms platform, to a sample of 940 students of both sexes, in 10 public and private schools. The results show that, more than 50% of the students of both educational levels, have a perception that deviates from reality, they do not measure the importance of the preventive measures that the health sector recommends to reduce the contagion and lethality rate. Despite recognizing that the viral disease is contagious, they do not perceive the importance of measures such as washing hands with soap, using gels, masks, face masks, maintaining a healthy distance, among other sanitary measures. They assume the measure of confinement as necessary, although it generates stress and a decrease in their academic performance, reflected in low grades. The results found in the studied educational sector indicate that the educational authorities should strengthen the scientific learning of the students in relation to the epidemiological phenomenon of covid-19, in order to contribute to their conduct and implementation of health protection measures and prevention of this scourge.

Perception of Teachers in the use of Electronic Platforms to Support Face-to-Face Teaching During the term of The State of Emergency due to Covid-19: Case of the Pedagogical University of Maputo

COVID-19 pandemic forced most of the high education institutions to revert their teaching and learning process from face-to-face teaching system to the process of teaching and learning through the use of electronic platforms. Due to this situation, each high education institution has defined one or a set of electronic platforms to continue to guarantee the effectiveness of teaching classes during this period. It was from the above that this research was developed, which aimed to analyze the perception of teachers at the Pedagogical University of Maputo about accessibility and the use of electronic platforms as a resource to support face-to-face teaching during the term of COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that most of the teachers interact with the students via WhatsApp and Email through their mobile devices and laptops.

ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ ФЕРМЕРЛЕРІНІҢ ЭЛЕКТРОНДЫҚ ПЛАТФОРМАЛАРДЫ ҚОЛДАНУЫН ДИСПЕРСИЯЛЫҚ ТАЛДАУ

The materials of the study consider the importance of using electronic platforms (e- platforms) by farmers of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the essence of this process. The main goal of the State program "Digital Kazakhstan" is to improve the quality of life of the country's population, within the framework of which digital technologies are aimed at increasing production volumes and profitability of peasant (private) farms. More than ten thousand rural entrepreneurs answered the questionnaires in electronic format, which made it possible to assess the level of application of communication technologies in agricultural production of the republic. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the use of Fisher's oneway analysis of variance and Leavin's statistics to determine the difference in the degree of use of digitalization for the agricultural sector development. Differences and similarities in the use of software systems in order to obtain information for optimal farm management, depending on the age categories of farmers, are revealed. 64 variables of the collected data with the subsequent generalization of empirical results served as the basis for the analysis of variance of the use of electronic platforms by agricultural producers. It is concluded that the latest information technologies in agriculture will reduce risks, eliminate the human factor, reduce costs and increase crop yields. Digital schematics will become an integral part of crop planning, digital crop simulation, and animal feed calculation.

The Factor Analysis in determining the most important Factors influencing Basra University students' reluctance to Electronic -learning

This study aimed to use the factor analysis, which is a scientific method for analyzing multivariate data and reducing it to a smaller number of factors.. The researcher depend on data obtained through a questionnaire whose paragraphs were inspired by a student’s opinions of the College of Administration and Economics / University of Basra for the academic year 2019 -2020, with whom they were contacted electronically to find out the reasons for students' reluctance to electronic education and accept it as an alternative to classical education in light of the pandemic conditions of Corona. The researcher relied on the questionnaire of (22) questions as variables for the study. Results were obtained using the statistical program spss v. 19 The study concluded that the variables were reduced to (8) basic factors, which explained a variation of (72,221%) of the total variance.
 And the most important factors are that e-learning leads to introvertedness and that it is an innovation that must end and the interruption of the Internet and the electrical current and the lack of knowledge in the use of electronic platforms and the lack of students' possession of smart phone devices and their own computers that make the process of e-learning difficult and tiring

Switching from face-to-face to electronic-mediated education caused by COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of student perceptions

Mozambique, like several other countries in the region and all over the world, faces the dilemma of the need to guarantee the minimum learning conditions for students during the state of emergency due to COVID-19. It is in this sense, which the present study aimed to analyze the perceptions of students of the Pedagogical University of Maputo (UP-Maputo) in the use of electronic platforms as a resource to support classroom teaching during the State of Emergency. The research had a quanti-qualitative character, where the analysis and control of the different variables was foreseen. It consisted of collecting information on the objectives of operationalizing the teaching and learning process in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, through the application of an electronically administered questionnaire. A sample of 1787 students was obtained, corresponding to 13.61% of the universe of students enrolled in the year 2020. The survey showed that most of the students, around 64% used some electronic platform to support their teaching and on-site learning process, after the declaration of a state of emergency the percentage of users of electronic platforms increased to 100%, highlighting the use of WhatsApp to the detriment of the others (SIGIUP, MOODLE® Institutional, Google Classroom and ZOOM®). The device they use, because 95% of the students access the platforms using their mobile phones, justifies the massive use of WhatsApp. Regarding the use of different electronic platforms, most of the students revealed a platform usage that varies from “Many Times” and “Always”. Students refer to the need for training in the use of the different platforms made available to them to support their teaching and learning process. The research made it possible to conclude that students are aware of the need to appropriate the new form of teaching they are subject to, despite having significant financial difficulties in the acquisition of internet packages and in the use of some of the electronic platforms made available for learning.

REVIEW OF THE FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE DERIVATIVES MARKET

The article draws attention to a specific market of derivative securities - the derivatives market. At the present stage of development of communication technologies, there is a steady increase in the general trend of direct participation of individuals in financial transactions using electronic platforms. In particular, there is an interest in the participation of Ukrainian citizens in operations on world stock markets. It is emphasized that relatively technically easy access to participation in financial transactions through the use of electronic platforms is currently a potential threat to financial security for the funds of participants in such transactions. This is due to the weak professional training of most domestic financial professionals to assess the capabilities of the derivatives market, as well as to participate in transactions with them. It is emphasized that stock exchange operations on stock markets, purchase and sale of derivatives on electronic platforms, require, along with general, also special knowledge on certain specific areas of economic development and financial relations. From the standpoint of such trends, this review article is proposed. The article provides a brief overview of the functioning of the derivatives market (derivatives) in order to get acquainted with the principles of its operation, as well as with the most common strategies and related terms. The article mentions four main types of derivative contracts: forwards, futures, options and swaps. It is noted that the vast majority of derivative products are valued at five main asset classes: equity, fixed income instrument, commodity, foreign currency and credit event. Mechanisms of trading in derivative securities, which are divided into exchange and over-the-counter, are considered. Historical examples of negative and positive transactions with derivatives are given. The conclusion emphasizes that the economic potential of the stock market of financial derivatives does not appear at the same time as a result of the adoption of legislation. This potential is gradually formed as a set of market opportunities, competitive advantages, means and sources of development of stock exchanges. The formation of the economic potential of the stock market of financial derivatives involves the implementation of a set of coordinated organizational and economic transformations, which are carried out with the active support of regulatory authorities.

ACQUAINTANCE TO FOREX FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET

The article draws attention to the steady growth of the general trend of direct participation of individuals in financial transactions using electronic platforms. In particular, the article notes the increased interest in participating in operations in the Forex currency market. It is emphasized that relatively technically easy access to participation in financial transactions through the use of electronic platforms is currently a potential threat to financial security for the funds of participants in such transactions. This is a lack of professional training of most novice traders who voluntarily become participants in financial transactions. It is emphasized that stock exchange transactions on stock markets, purchase and sale of currency on electronic platforms, transactions with gold, etc. require, along with general, also special knowledge on certain specific areas of economic development and financial relations. Also, psychological and behavioral factors begin to "work" in such relationships. It is noted that only from the beginning of 2019 in Ukraine at the legislative level began a systematic regulation of the structure of the foreign exchange market and the procedure for trading in foreign currency. The article states that it is time to pay attention to digitalized trading activities from a professional point of view and start teaching in educational institutions the relevant disciplines for training and acquiring students' general skills in trade and financial transactions on electronic platforms. From this point of view, the article provides an introductory review of the Forex currency market, outlines the principles of its operation, pays more attention to trading strategies. As a result, the following conclusions are made that, first, the foreign exchange market is highly profitable provided that its trends are mastered; secondly, the foreign exchange market is high risk; it is necessary to understand not only in many terms, but, especially, in processes and situations in the financial-globalized world to confidently use charts of change of cost of currencies for profit; thirdly, there are many different strategies that can be used successfully in the currency market, from the simplest - for amateurs, to more complex - for experienced traders, but none of them will fit perfectly for a particular psychotype, professional level and amount of time a person - trader can pay trade. Of particular value, according to the authors, is the following conclusion: a trader creates his own strategy, which provides a greater likelihood of earnings in the international Forex market. Currency trader is a creative activity, but an activity based on mastering a large base of professional knowledge.

Alcance y aplicabilidad de la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 20 de diciembre de 2017 (caso Uber)

La calificación jurídica de las relaciones surgidas entre los intervinientes en el uso de las plataformas electrónicas es uno de los retos más apremiantes manifestados por la economía colaborativa. Prueba de ello, son los conflictos sociales, laborales y administrativos originados en los últimos tiempos en torno a ella.El objetivo del artículo es sintetizar los criterios que determinan si nos encontramos ante un servicio de la sociedad de la información o si las plataformas son a su vez prestadores del servicio subyacente (transporte, alojamiento…). Para ello, se estudiarán los criterios dispuestos en tres casos de referencia en la materia: Uber, BlaBlaCar y Airbnb.Junto con el análisis de las resoluciones dictadas en los referidos casos, se tendrá en cuenta, además de la normativa vigente, las orientaciones jurídicas dispuestas en la Comunicación de la Comisión Europea “Una Agenda Europea para la economía colaborativa”.

Electronic Support of State (Municipal) Procurement in Canada

Currently, the majority of developed (and a number of developing) countries publish information on the conduct of public (municipal) procurement on specialized open electronic platforms. Various countries have made the transition to the use of electronic platforms in the field of state (municipal) procurement due to the fact that this process is associated with a number of advantages, which include: maintaining a competitive environment among bidders, ensuring openness and transparency of information on state (municipal) procurement for all bidders, as well as reducing the costs of relevant state bodies for procurement activities and attracting new suppliers. As it is done in Canada and is stated in this article.

Взаимодействие между преподавателями и студентами в рамках смешанного обучения иностранцев болгарскому языку

The use of electronic platforms and applications to continue audience training in Bulgarian language for foreigners is reviewed as modern form of University education. Blended learning is flexible technology to acquire knowledge about foreign languages-content, structure, language norm and implementation of pedagogic interaction in electronic educating environment, where cooperative activities and individual learning are taking place, employing educational resources preliminary prepared by lecturer.

A Qualitative Analysis of the Spontaneous Volunteer Response to the 2013 Sudan Floods: Changing the Paradigm.

This retrospective, descriptive case study involved: (1) interviews with Nafeer members that participated in the disaster response to the Khartoum floods; (2) examination of documents generated during the event; and (3) subsequent benchmarking of their efforts with the Sphere Handbook. Members who agreed to participate were requested to provide all documents in their possession relating to Nafeer. The response by Nafeer was then benchmarked to the Sphere Handbook's six core standards, as well as the 11 minimum standards in essential health services. A total of 11 individuals were interviewed (six from leadership and five from active members). Nafeer's activities included: food provision; delivery of basic health care; environmental sanitation campaigns; efforts to raise awareness; and construction and strengthening of flood barricades. Its use of electronic platforms and social media to collect data and coordinate the organization's response was effective. Nafeer adopted a flat-management structure, dividing itself into 14 committees. A Coordination Committee was in charge of liaising between all committees. The Health and Sanitation Committee supervised two health days which included mobile medical and dentistry clinics supported by a mobile laboratory and pharmacy. The Engineering Committee managed to construct and maintain flood barricades. Nafeer used crowd-sourcing to fund its activities, receiving donations locally and internationally using supporters outside Sudan. Nafeer completely fulfilled three of Sphere's core standards and partially fulfilled the other three, but none of the essential health services standards were fulfilled. Even though the Sphere Handbook was chosen as the best available "gold standard" to benchmark Nafeer's efforts, it showed significant limitations in effectively measuring this group. It appears that independent spontaneous volunteer initiatives, like Nafeer, potentially can improve community resilience and play a significant role in the humanitarian response. Such organizations should be the subject of increased research activity. Relevant bodies should consider issuing separate guidelines supporting spontaneous volunteer organizations. Albahari A , Schultz CH . A qualitative analysis of the spontaneous volunteer response to the 2013 Sudan floods: changing the paradigm. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):240-248.