Community Use Of Facilities Research Articles

Evolution and Implications During the Epidemic-Contemplation on the Robust Communities amid the Group Purchase Trend amid the Shanghai Outbreak

In March 2020, Shanghai experienced an outbreak of an epidemic and implemented several months of territory-wide static management. The community was the smallest closure and control unit for grid control. This thesis uses questionnaire interviews, literature review, and correlation analysis to study the phenomenon of community chiefs and regimentation during the Shanghai outbreak, taking the Shannan Estate in Shanghai as an example. This paper reports that the headman model has improved the mechanism and mode of grassroots work, tapped elite talents, and established a mechanism of community self-organisation and multi-party participation oriented to the needs of residents in the social aspect. In the spatial aspect, the construction of a five-minute community living circle was combined with the improvement of the mechanism of composite use of community facilities. This statement will have a positive impact on strengthening community resilience and promoting sustainable development in the post-epidemic era.

Evolution and Implications During the Epidemic-Contemplation on the Robust Communities amid the Group Purchase Trend amid the Shanghai Outbreak

In March 2020, Shanghai experienced an outbreak of an epidemic and implemented several months of territory-wide static management. The community was the smallest closure and control unit for grid control. This thesis uses questionnaire interviews, literature review, and correlation analysis to study the phenomenon of community chiefs and regimentation during the Shanghai outbreak, taking the Shannan Estate in Shanghai as an example. This paper reports that the headman model has improved the mechanism and mode of grassroots work, tapped elite talents, and established a mechanism of community self-organisation and multi-party participation oriented to the needs of residents in the social aspect. In the spatial aspect, the construction of a five-minute community living circle was combined with the improvement of the mechanism of composite use of community facilities. This statement will have a positive impact on strengthening community resilience and promoting sustainable development in the post-epidemic era.

Residents’ Spatial-Usage Behavior and Interaction According to the Spatial Configuration of a Social Housing Complex: A Comparison between High-Rise Apartments and Perimeter Block Housing

It has been claimed that high-rise apartments, unlike perimeter block housing, cause social pathology; however, no studies have quantitatively proven this. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the difference between space-use behavior and social interactions with a focus on high-rise apartments, the main residential mode in South Korea, and the newly created perimeter block housing. This was done by first comparing and analyzing the spatial configurations of high-rise apartments and perimeter block housing using the space syntax methodology. Second, the space-use behaviors that affect interaction were explained by regression analysis after analyzing correlations among the spatial configurations of individual residence locations, the frequency of use of community facilities, and interaction. Third, differences in interaction for people living in complexes with different spatial configurations were analyzed using t-tests. The main finding was that people whose living arrangements include a good spatial configuration or that often use children’s playgrounds interact more. Additionally, when the spatial configuration of a complex is systematic and the complex is closely connected to the city, the interaction between neighbors appears better. The results of this study demonstrate that block housing promotes interaction, which will be helpful for establishing new planning standards for sustainable apartments.

A Case Study on the Spatial Characteristics for the Efficient Utilization of the Community Facility in Rural Areas : Focusing on the Complex Cultural Center of Rural Downtown Revitalization Project in Jeonnam Region

This study analyzed spatial characteristics by applying spatial characteristics analysis elements derived from preceeding studies for the efficient use of community facilities in rural areas. The spatial characteristics analysis elements are three elements of individuality, accessibility, and exchange-ability in terms of space usage, and two elements of connectivity and multi-functionality in terms of space composition. As a result of the case analysis, the connectivity and accessibility of community facilities were very good. Although there are differences in degrees depending on the case, the community facilities have multi-functionalities such as leisure, culture, and welfare, and these spatial characteristics can act as a factor that increases the utilization of the space. In addition, by continuously operating various programs, exchange-ability can be improved and the needs of residents can be satisfied. The individuality of the space was insufficient due to the use of the public space, and it will be necessary to prepare alternatives such as space division and arrangement of equipment in accordance with environmental changes caused by COVID-19. In addition, it is expected that further researches that apply more detailed analysis factors will improve the sustainability and utilization of community facilities and contribute to improving the quality of residents’ life.

Directions for the Development of Housing Service and Community for the Wellness of Two-Person Household

The purpose of this study is to understand the lifestyles of two-person households in terms of wellness aspects. The two-person households means childless households consisting of only couples after marriage. The middle class living in urban areas was selected as the subject of the survey. Households with their own children were also sampled as a comparative group. Among the collected questionnaires, 64 copies of two-person households and 60 copies of households with children were used for the analysis. The result of the analysis is as follows; first, characteristics of a two-person households’ demands were identified in terms of five dimensions of wellness, through comparison with households with their own children. Based on the results, active housing services for social and environmental revitalization, such as participation in local communities, use of community facilities and green spaces, and housing services for cultural performance, hobby and club activities, internal growth, and self-development were proposed. Second, two-person households have few close neighbors in their daily life. This showed that appropriate community spaces and programs for them are were very urgent. In this study, healthy & sports facilities, green facilities, and growth and development facilities were categorized and proposed as program space, schedule space, operation space, and provided space. Since two-person households demand smaller unit area than those of households with children, thus it is necessary to utilize community facilities actively through the connection them to the local society, not limit them to the apartment complex level.

Beyond the Ivory Tower: A Comparison of Grades Across Academic and Community OB/GYN Clerkship Sites

abstractConstruct: Decentralized clinical education is the use of community facilities and community physicians to educate medical students. The theory behind decentralized clinical education is that academic and community sites will provide educational equivalency as determined by objective and subjective performance measures, while training more medical students and exposing students to rural or underserved communities. One of the major challenges of decentralized clinical education is ensuring site comparability in both learning opportunities and evaluation of students. Background: Previous research has examined objective measures of student performance, but less is known about subjective performance measures, particularly in the field of obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN). This study explores the implications of clinical site on the adequacy of subjective and objective performance measures. Approach: This was a retrospective cohort study of 801 students in the University of Washington School of Medicine OB/GYN clerkship from 2008 to 2012. Academic sites included those with OB/GYN residency programs (n = 2) and community sites included those without residency programs (n = 29). The association between clerkship site and National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) grade was assessed using linear regression and clinical and final grade using multinomial regression, estimating β coefficient and relative risks (RR), respectively, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for gender, academic quarter of clerkship, and year of clerkship. Results: There were no differences in NBME exam grades of students at academic sites (76.4 (7.3) versus 74.6 (8.0), β = –0.11, 95% CI [1.35, 1.12] compared to community sites. For clinical grade, students at community sites were 2.4 times more likely to receive honors relative to high pass (RR 2.45), 95% CI [1.72, 3.50], and for final grade, students at community sites were 1.9 times more likely to receive honors relative to pass (RR 1.98), 95% CI [1.27, 3.09], and 1.6 times more likely to receive honors relative to high pass (RR 1.62), 95% CI [1.05, 2.50], compared to those at academic sites. Conclusions: Students at community sites receive higher clinical and final grades in the OB/GYN clerkship. This highlights a significant challenge in decentralized clinical education—ensuring site comparability in clinical grading, Further work should examine the differences in sites, as well as improve standardization of clinical grading. This also underscores an important consideration, as the final grade can influence medical school rank, nomination into honor societies, and ranking of residency applicants.

Downsizing of acute inpatient beds associated with private finance initiative: Scotland's case study

Objectives: To evaluate whether the projected 24% reduction in acute bed numbers in Lothian hospitals, which formed part of the private finance initiative (PFI) plans for the replacement Royal Infirmary...

Why not teach where the patients are?

[Extract] If the aim of medical education is to produce a trained and responsive medical workforce, then we need to consider what we know about current, and future, workforce needs. One thing is clear: the provision of medical care now involves greater use of community facilities as hospitals evolve into high throughput, short stay and highly specialised centres. Hospitals are changing the way they do business, with economic pressures, and the emergence of new techniques and therapies driving a growing emphasis on early discharge from hospital, with shorter stays and more outpatient treatment. The move of the major teaching resource – the patient undergoing medical treatment – into the community is matched by the increasing move to deliver education in this setting.

Outcomes and costs of community living: A matched comparison of group homes and semi-independent living

Consumer outcomes and recurrent (non-capital) service costs were compared for matched groups of Australian adults with intellectual disability living in group homes or semi-independently. Outcomes examined included quality of life, safety, aloneness, social dissatisfaction, personal care, domestic management, health care, money management, social network, use of mainstream community services, community participation, domestic participation, stability of place of residence, living companion turnover, and natural support. Most outcomes did not differ significantly by group. Where significant differences were evident, participants living semi-inde pendently experienced better outcomes: significantly less social dissatisfaction, more frequent and independent use of community facilities, more participation in domestic tasks, and greater empowerment. There were no outcomes with significantly better results for group home participants. The lower level of staffing provided to semi-independent participants w as not associated with poorer outcomes. Per-person expenditure was substantially higher for group home participants.

Deinstitutionalization in the UK and Ireland: Outcomes for service users

The UK research literature on the effects of deinstitutionalization, published between 1980 and 1994, was reviewed. The results from 71 publications arising from 46 studies indicated that smaller, community-based residential services were generally, though not inevitably, associated with: (1) increased user engagement in ongoing activities; (2) increased contact from care staff; (3) increased use of community facilities; (4) increases in adaptive behaviours; (5) reductions in observed challenging behaviour; (6) increased opportunities for choice; (7) increased contact with family and friends; (8) a better material standard of living; and (9) increased acceptance by the community. No differences were found with regard to reported challenging behaviour. In addition to these differences between institutions and community-based residential services, there were also large differences in service quality within community-based residential services, with some community-based services providing a quality of life s...

Changes in the quality of life of people with learning disabilities who moved from hospital to live in community-based homes.

This paper describes a longitudinal study of the change in quality of life experienced by 36 residents of community-based homes after leaving a hospital for people with learning disabilities. The measure used to evaluate quality of life was Living in a Supervised Home: A Questionnaire on Quality of Life (Cragg and Harrison, 1986). The questionnaire was completed before and after the study group left the hospital. The analyses of the scale shows that there has been a considerable improvement in the quality of life of people who have moved from hospital to community-based homes. Specific data are presented from quality of life sub-scales relating to the use of community facilities and contact with other members of the community.

Community-based facilities may be replacing hospitals for the treatment of alcoholism: the evidence from Ontario.

We examined hospital utilization and use of community facilities for the treatment of alcohol problems in Ontario using Statistics Canada, Hospital Medical Records Institute records, and other administrative records. Between 1974 and 1986 there was a large drop in utilization of hospital services for treatment of alcohol problems. Rates of alcohol inpatient cases in general hospitals dropped by 47% and in mental hospitals by 33%. At the same time, there was an increase in overall availability of hospital beds and bed-days of care for all medical conditions, and no change in the total number of hospital discharges (1.3 million) and occupancy rates (80-85%). Also at the same time, the number of community-based programs for the treatment of alcohol problems increased, as did the number of persons or cases treated by them. This was associated with a drop of inpatient cases treated for alcohol problems in 38 out of 48 counties in Ontario (P < .0005). Multiple regression techniques were used to take into account the effect of the slight decline in overall alcohol consumption in this period. We found that after controlling for changes in alcohol consumption, the addition of one community-based alcohol treatment program was associated with a reduction in the number of cases treated on a hospital inpatient basis for alcohol-related problems, with a short-run drop of 27.1 hospital cases within 1 year of a community facility's availability and a long-run reduction of 52.2 cases. (P < .005).

Use of community facilities by adolescents with severe mental handicaps

This study examined the use of community facilities by three groups of adolescents with severe mental handicaps before and after they moved into staffed houses in the community. Results were positive, showing an increased use of everyday facilities and a decreased use of facilities for people with handicaps in all houses, irrespective of how long the young people had been in residence. The use of leisure facilities and public transport was also increased for those who had lived in the community the longest. The number and variety of “other” experiences, events organised or attended, increased for all the young people, attesting to their enriched life style once in the community.A follow‐up study, carried out when all the adolescents had been living in the community for at least two years, gave positive results. Facilities for people with handicaps were no longer used. The increased use of community facilities was maintained or improved.

Care of “new” long‐stay patients in a District General Hospital Psychiatric Unit The first two years of a hospital‐hostel

The paper describes the need for long-term inpatient care in an English health district whose psychiatric services were based on a unit in a District General Hospital. Patients who became long-stay were placed in a new hospital-hostel in a city centre. Three quarters of those eligible could be managed in the hostel, with those rejected posing more control problems. Patients in the hostel became less withdrawn and increased their activity and use of community facilities.

Comparison of methods for calculating and extrapolating equilibria in P-T-X CO2 space

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate whether the projected 24% reduction in acute bed numbers in Lothian hospitals, which formed part of the private finance initiative (PFI) plans for the replacement Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, is being compensated for by improvements in efficiency and greater use of community facilities, and to ascertain whether there is an independent PFI effect by comparing clinical activity and performance in acute specialties in Lothian hospitals with other NHS hospitals in Scotland. <b>Design:</b> Comparison of projected and actual trends in acute bed capacity and inpatient and day case admissions in the first five years (1995-6 to 2000-1) of Lothian Health Board9s integrated healthcare plan. Population study of trends in bed rate, hospital activity, length of stay, and throughput in Lothian hospitals compared with the rest of Scotland from 1990–1 to 2000-1. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Staffed bed rates, admission rates, mean lengths of stay, occupancy, and throughput in four adult acute specialty groups in 1990-1, 1995-6, and 2000-1. <b>Results:</b> By 2000-1, rates for inpatient admission in all acute, medical, surgical, and intensive therapy specialties in Lothian hospitals were respectively 20%, 6%, 28%, and 38% below those in the rest of Scotland. Day case rates in all acute and acute surgical specialties were 13% and 33% lower. The proportion of delayed discharges in staffed acute and post-acute NHS beds in Lothian hospitals exceeded the Scottish average (15% and 12% respectively; P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> The planning targets and increase in clinical activity in acute specialties in Lothian hospitals associated with PFI had not been achieved by 2000-1. The effect on clinical activity has been a steeper decline in the number of acute beds and rates of admission in Lothian hospitals compared with the rest of Scotland between 1995–6 and 2000-1. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> The full business cases for the 15 first wave private finance initiative (PFI) hospitals in England and Scotland projected reductions in acute beds of about 30% in the five years before the opening of the new replacement hospitals The new PFI Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, which will fully open in 2003, is the cornerstone of Lothian Health Board9s healthcare plan for its acute hospitals <h3>What this study adds</h3> Compared with other Scottish NHS hospitals, service delivery has been reduced across Lothian associated with PFI development The planning targets and increase in clinical activity in acute specialties in Lothian hospitals had not been achieved by 2000-1 There is evidence of an independent “PFI effect” on hospital downsizing and bed reductions, which in Lothian has resulted in severe capacity constraints across all acute specialties with a need for immediate expansion in acute and community provision Further hospital and community service downsizing may be required to meet the financial deficit, which is principally due to the high costs of PFI

Community placements.

A pilot study at Queen's University on the use of community facilities for undergraduate clinical training is described. The objectives of this project were to provide broadening experiences for students outside the institutional model, and to increase the number of available placements. From both the faculty and student points of view, the project is considered a success and is being expanded. The authors suggest that the future therapist must be prepared for community practice and recommend the inclusion of similar experiences in all undergraduate occupational therapy programmes.