Use Of Bioresources Research Articles

Characterization and compositional analysis of agricultural crops and residues for ethanol production in California

This study was carried out in order to analyze characteristic and composition of crops, crop wastes, and residues including a variety of sugar beets and melons, tomato, Jose tall wheatgrass, wheat hay, and wheat straw in California. Ethanol potential was estimated from different scenarios in using carbon sources of feedstock during fermentation, including the new information of using pectin–derived galacturonic acid for ethanol production. Sugar beet appears more favorable than other feedstocks because of its high sugar content (67–75% dry basis, db) and the highest crop yield, resulting in the greatest ethanol potential of 591 m3 Gg−1 db when all carbohydrates are used during fermentation, with the California area–based potential of 1273 m3 km−2. Fermentation of polygalacturonic acid can increase the ethanol potential of sugar beet leaves up to 30% over the fermentation of hexoses alone, increasing the theoretical ethanol potential to 340 m3 Gg−1 and the area–based yield of 497 m3 km−2. Melons and tomato containing 42–69% by mass of soluble sugars showed ethanol potentials in a range of 448–545 m3 Gg−1 db and the area–based yield of 25–53 m3 km−2. The theoretical ethanol yield from lignocellulosic feedstocks tested can be maximized up to 470–533 m3 Gg−1 db and 291–300 m3 km−2 when the primary components from cellulose (27–39% db) and hemicellulose (26–30% db) are utilized. The information on composition and ethanol potential is important for determining biofuel feedstock and developing technology for efficient use of bioresource.

Optimization Methodology for Complete Use of Bio-resources

Every type of bio-resource has its specific and multi-tier applications. To promote resource efficiency and complete use of bio–resources the simplistic and environmentally less valuable options must be replaced with technological solutions that contribute to the development of high added value products, while ensuring environmental sustainability. This paper proposes a methodology for evaluation of the added value of various bio-resource applications in order to optimize the use of bio-resources. The optimization target function is determination of net present value depending on product price and its growth, economic feasibility, product sustainability, specific water and energy consumption, operation and maintenance parameters. The methodology incorporates a system of equations that describe the product value and the required investments at each level of applications. Simultaneously, the impact of bio-resource application and the developed product on climate change is evaluated. The developed methodology is approbated for identification of technological opportunities of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles Japonica) by-product valorization. Comparison of four alternative scenarios proves the applicability of the optimization method and determines that the highest net present value and the lowest CO2 emissions would be for a case of Japanese quince seed oil extraction at the facility of existing food processing company.

Innovative Bioproducts from Forest Biomass. Method of Analysis

The use of bioresources for producing products with high added value is becoming more and more important in the context of biotechonomy. Due to this and other reasons, scientists are inventing new innovative products, made from biomass, and their production technologies. The question is – which of the resources is better and is it possible to compare two different products? Therefore, the authors of the paper have developed a method, with the help of which, it is possible to analyse and compare innovative products with high added value from forest biomass. The method is fitted to the biggest Latvian bioresource (forest biomass) owner and manager JSC “Latvia's State Forests”. Three innovative products, which can be produced from forest biomass and used in power generation are mentioned as examples for the use of the method.

Climate change impact in the Western Himalaya: people’s perception and adaptive strategies

The Himalaya represents a vast mountain system and globally valued for its significant role in regulation of global as well as regional climate that has direct impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services crucial for sustenance of millions of people in Himalaya and adjoining areas. However, mountain regions worldwide are impacted by climate change and at the same time represent distinctive area for the assessment of climate related impacts. Climate change impacts in Himalayan region have its implications on food production, natural ecosystems, retreat of glacier, water supply, human and animal health and overall human well being. The livelihood and food security of the people inhabited in region largely depend on climate sensitive sectors i.e. agriculture, livestock, forestry and their interlinkages with each other, and has the potential to break down food and nutritional security as well as livelihood support systems. People’s perception and understanding of climate can be an important asset when it comes to adaptation to climate change impact; however it is not taken into consideration for the development of policy design and implementation of modern mitigation and adaptation strategies by governments and other civil society organizations. The knowledge of local people and farming communities for rural landscape management and sustainable use of bioresources is gaining credence as a key strategy to cope up with the climate change. Therefore, the present study analyzes the indigenous knowledge of local people and their perceptions on climate change, and also documented adaptation approaches at local level in mountain ecosystem of western Himalaya. The study could be useful to policy makers to design appropriate adaptation strategies to cope up with the impacts of climate change.

Emerging Scenario on Industrial Use of Bio Resources and Development of Models for Computing Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) Mechanisms

Objectives: Bio resources are sources for major economies in the world and provide livelihood opportunities for local tribes. Bio resources form part of raw material for herbal products/medicine manufacturing industry. One of the objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is access and benefit sharing (ABS) arising out of utilization of bio resources. ABS calculation is most debated issue among end user – herbal products / medicine manufacturing industry. Methods and Results: Mechanisms for ABS computation are still evolving in many nations. In order to remove disparity in ABS calculation and bring in transparency, in this article we have presented three models. In the process, we have developed bio resource sustainability grid to map bio resources based on the i) ease of access, ii) regenerability of resources and iii) sustainability. First model describes calculation of ABS according to cost of bio resources, the second model links to proportion of bio resource with proportion of final formulation and the third model provides a formula which is analogous to Drug Price Control Order. Conclusion: With increase in use of botanical dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and emerging research in phytopharmaceuticals as drugs the quantum of usage of bio resources will proportionally increase. In addition to usage, conservation of critical bioresources is responsibility of stakeholders. The ABS computation approaches we have presented here can provide transparent ABS computation. The models can be adopted by other nations BDAs either directly or after minor modifications. The purpose of transparency in ABS calculation is served as both the end user and regulator can calculate the ABS payments without debate. Further, it would supplement the cause of sustainable utilization of bioresources while promoting conservation.

The utilization of bioresources by local communities at Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve, Riau Province, Indonesia

Titisari PW, Syamsudin TS, Sjarmidi A. 2016. The utilization of bioresources by local communities at Giam Siak Kecil-BukitBatu Biosphere Reserve, Riau Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 873-886. This study aims to assess the use of bioresources of Giam Siak Kecil Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve by the local community. The use of bioresources was characterized by the level of utilization of bioresources in the household economy. It classified into five groups; (i) subsistence group (SG), (ii) supplementary group (SpG), (iii) integrated group (IG), (iv) specialized extraction group (SEG), and (v) specialized cultivation group (SCG). The results showed that the local community used bioresources as main source of livelihood at the core zone and buffer zone. There are 36 species of fish, 17species of non-timber, and 28 species of timber used by local community. Core area and buffer zone are dominated by SEG and SCG. In the core area, the relationship between SEG non-timber and timber is very significant. In buffer zone, the exploitation of fisheries, and timber were dominated by SEG. The correlation between the use of bioresources in the core area showed that the exploitation of nontimber and timber are very high by SEG community.

Environmental-economic system of bioresource use with asymmetric agents

A discrete time game-theoretic model of an environmental-economic system is considered. Agents (firms or fishermen’s artel cooperatives) that exploit the fish stock on a finite planning horizon are the participants of the game. The agents have different exploitation times. The main goal of the paper is to construct the cooperative behavior of the participants and to apply the presented setup for wise use of aquatic bioresources of the Republic of Karelia.

Biobankers: Treat the Poison of Invisibility with CoBRA, a Systematic Way of Citing Bioresources in Journal Articles.

Even though an increasing portion of biomedical research today relies on the use of bioresources, at present biobankers are not able to trace this use in scientific literature and measure its impact with a variety of citation metrics. The “BRIF (Bioresource Research Impact Factor) and journal editors” subgroup was created precisely with the aim to study this issue and to build a standardized system to cite bioresources in journal articles. This report aims at presenting a guideline for Citation of BioResources in journal Articles (CoBRA). The guideline offers for the first time a standard for citing bioresources (including biobanks) within journal articles. It will increase their visibility and promote their sharing.

A new quality management perspective for biodiversity conservation and research: Investigating Biospecimen Reporting for Improved Study Quality (BRISQ) and the Standard PRE-analytical Code (SPREC) using Natural History Museum and culture collections as case studies

The aims of this paper are to debate and raise awareness about the use of systematic, interconnected approaches for biodiversity collection curation by exploring the multi-disciplinary relevance of quality management tools developed by clinical biobanks. An appraisal of their best practices indicated the need for improved sample and process chain annotation as a significant number of historical collections used in medical research were of inadequate quality. This stimulated the creation of a new discipline, biospecimen science to develop quality management tools for clinical biobanks, two of which, Biospecimen Reporting for Improved Study Quality (BRISQ) and the Standard PRE-analytical Code (SPREC) report critical information about samples and process chain variables. Unprecedented advances in molecular-genetic and in silico technologies applied across the tree of life require international conservation networks to generate and share knowledge. This is used in biodiversity and systematics research, and to address the accelerating loss of species, including the sustainable use of bioresources. This review investigates the application of BRISQ and SPREC for biodiversity research and conservation using natural history, museum and living culture collections as case studies. The distinction between preservation and conservation is discussed with regard to process and storage treatments and how they impact on the usability of biospecimens and cultures. We conclude: (i) more rigorous approaches are needed for the quality management of biospecimens, bioresources and their associated sample and processing data to assure their fitness-for-purpose; and (ii) biospecimen science tools developed by clinical biobanks can be adapted to future-proof the quality of biodiversity collections and the reliability of molecular data generated from their use.

English

It is unanimously admitted that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in modern agriculture create a real environmental and public health problems. One of the promising solutions to substitute these agrochemicals products is the use of bio-resources, including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The PGPR focused more and more scientific attention in recent decades. These rhizospheric bacteria colonize actively the root system of plants and improve their growth and yield. The PGPR use different mechanisms of action to promote plant growth. These mechanisms were grouped into three clusters according to the PGPR effects on plant physiology. These groups are as follow: (i) biofertilization including biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, phosphate solubilization, siderophores production and exopolysaccharides production; (ii) phytostimulation including production of indole acetic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins and ethylene; and (ii) biocontrol including induction of systemic resistance, competition for iron, nutrient and space, production of antibiotics, lytic enzymes, hydrogen cyanide and volatile compounds. In view of the latest advances in PGPR biotechnology, this paper proposes to do the review on PGPR in rhizosphere and describes the different mechanisms used by PGPR to promote the plants growth and health. In prospect to a healthy and sustainable agriculture, respectful of environment, the PGPR approach revealed as one of the best alternatives. Keywords: Rhizosphere, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), root colonization, biofertilization, biocontrol, biostimulation, interaction plant-microorganisms, sustainable agriculture

Asian Network of Research Resource Centers

With the enactment of the Nagoya Protocol, biological resources are now increasingly considered as assets of an individual country, instead of as the common property of mankind. As worldwide interest for securing biological resources intensifies, research resource centers (RRCs), which collect, preserve, and provide resources and their information to academia and industries, are gathering more attention. The Asian Network of Research Resource Centers (ANRRC) strives for conservation and effective use of bioresources and their data by connecting resource centers of Asia, a continent with the greatest diversity of life. Since its foundation in 2009, the Network has significantly expanded to encompass 103 RRCs of 14 countries. Through the Network, member countries discuss opportunities for resource exchange and research collaboration and share biobanking information and regulations of different countries for international harmonization of resource management. ANRRC also contributes to developing of International Standards of biobanks and biological resources as a liaison to the International Organization for Standardization technical committee 276 Biotechnology.

Indigenous knowledge and practices of the Phakeyals: a study in Barphake village of Margherita

Assam is a melting pot of various communities with their own cultural tradition and nature-linked practices. The Phakeyals, or the Tai Phakes, believed to be an offshoot of the great Tai race, which entered Assam in the latter half of the 18th century, now inhabiting in Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts of the state, are attributed with a sound indigenous knowledge of environment and practices based on it. They resort to a number of herbal treatments or folk medicines, which are collected from the environment. This paperaims at examining the beliefs and rituals prevalent among the Phakeyals of the Barphake Village of Tinsukia district that have helped in conserving nature by judicious use of bio-resources and maintaining the ecological balance in nature.

The Concept of Information Support for Bi-oresource and Ecosystem Research in the North-West Pacific: Theory and Practical Implementation

The first part of the article provides an overview of the theoretical evidence, the main provisions, and the implementation strategy of information support for bioresource and ecosystem research in the north-west Pacific, which has been conducted over the past 20 years in the Russian Far East Research Institute TINRO-Center. In short, the concept consists of a combination of the following four assertions: 1) For the steady and sustainable development of the Russian Far East, the entire Russian Federation and the Asia-Pacific Region in general, environmental, food, economic, and other security is required, which cannot be achieved without the rational use of bioresources based on the ecosystem approach to the management of aquatic bioresources. 2) For the inventory, appraisal, monitoring, forecasting of the state of and management the natural water resources when applying this approach, statistically relevant quantitative information is required on the greatest possible number of constituents of marine biocenosis of the north-western Pacific for the longest possible period of time, which is only available at the TINRO-Center. 3) This valuable data should be organized into databases, based on which geo-information and other electronic information systems are prepared, and based on these map atlases and reference books on natural water resources, using automated workplaces created especially for this. 4) The resulting unique information support will be of great value not only for practical purposes, but also for science, both applied and fundamental. Next comes a summary of the many years of work on the practical implementation of this concept and the key achievements in this field obtained by the TINRO-Center by the end of 2015 are reviewed. At the end, some plans for the near future are outlined.

Co-inoculation integrated with P-enriched compost improved nodulation and growth of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated and rainfed farming systems

The present study was designed with the objective of improving the nodulation and growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by integrating co-inoculation of Rhizobium sp. (Mesorhizobium ciceri) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) carrying ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase activity with P-enriched compost (PEC) under irrigated and rainfed farming systems. PEC was prepared from fruit and vegetable waste and enriched with single super phosphate. The results demonstrated that co-inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the number of nodules per plant, nodule dry weight, pods per plant, grain yield, protein content, and total chlorophyll content under irrigated and rainfed conditions compared to inoculation with rhizobium alone. Integrating PEC with co-inoculation showed an additive effect on the nodulation and growth of chickpea under both farming systems. Analysis of leaves showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate in comparison with inoculation with Rhizobium. Compared to irrigated farming system, co-inoculation with PEC under rainfed conditions was more beneficial in improving growth and nodulation of chickpea. Post-harvest soil analysis revealed that the integrated use of bioresources and compost enhanced microbial biomass C, available N content, dehydrogenase, and phosphomonoesterase activities.

Quantifying the use of bioresources for promoting their sharing in scientific research.

An increasing portion of biomedical research relies on the use of biobanks and databases. Sharing of such resources is essential for optimizing knowledge production. A major obstacle for sharing bioresources is the lack of recognition for the efforts involved in establishing, maintaining and sharing them, due to, in particular, the absence of adequate tools. Increasing demands on biobanks and databases to improve access should be complemented with efforts of end-users to recognize and acknowledge these resources. An appropriate set of tools must be developed and implemented to measure this impact.To address this issue we propose to measure the use in research of such bioresources as a value of their impact, leading to create an indicator: Bioresource Research Impact Factor (BRIF). Key elements to be assessed are: defining obstacles to sharing samples and data, choosing adequate identifier for bioresources, identifying and weighing parameters to be considered in the metrics, analyzing the role of journal guidelines and policies for resource citing and referencing, assessing policies for resource access and sharing and their influence on bioresource use. This work allows us to propose a framework and foundations for the operational development of BRIF that still requires input from stakeholders within the biomedical community.

Sustainable use of bio-resources of agricultural origin: the basis of bioeconomy in Latvia

Sustainable use of bio-resources of agricultural origin: the basis of bioeconomy in Latvia

Strategy of protected areas development in purposes of using and keeping bioresources and ecosystem services

Features and condition of existing system of especially protected natural territories of the Komi Republic are presented in this paper. Their specific environmental problems are defined. Strong sides and weaknesses of functioning and management of objects of special protection are provided. For approbation of a complex of methods of steady exploitation of this territory modeling objects of special protection are allocated and the economic assessment is carried out them. Potential recipients of benefits from use of bioresources and ecosystem services on modeling objects are revealed. The territories possessing a reserve for increase in use of their resources and services are presented. Offers on strategy of development of a control system of especially protected natural territories of the Komi Republic are developed. Development strategy of control system of especially protected natural territories is consisting of some institutional decisions. This acceptance of federal-regional agreement about management control; creating of regional rules, which regulate the usage of natural resources in especially protected natural territories; application of an integrated approach to the use of territories, which provide the bases to increase recreation and tourist industry; transfer buffer zone territories to biosphere reservation.

Use of Bio-Resources for Remediation of Soil Pollution

In recent years, economic boom in fast developing countries has been witnessed with spectacular progress in industri- alization and concurrent progress in modern agriculture. Such development is however not without any socio-political and environmental side effects. A major concern has been the environmental pollution. If the current unabated disposal of various forms of wastes to agricultural lands is continued, the inherent capacity of soil to support agricultural pro- duction and sustain other ecosystem services will be in peril. Heavy metals with soil residence times of thousands of years present numerous health hazards to higher organisms. They are also known to decrease plant growth, ground cover and have a negative impact on soil biodiversity. Inorganic and organic contaminants typically found in urban areas are heavy metals and petroleum derived products. The presence of both types of contaminants on the same site presents technical and economic challenges for decontamination strategies. In this article we have reviewed the devel- opments to ameliorate the contaminated soils, with special emphasis on biological approaches, which have shown po- tential to low-cost remediation of soil pollution. Also the limitations of such approaches and direction of further re- search have been highlighted.

Trading Activity and Ethnodomestication of Plants by Manipuri Muslims

Long distance traveling and trading activity of Muslims from great antiquity brought plants into Manipur (Indo)-Burma-China region. The indigenous traveling vehicles, horses needed poppy as their essential medicinal food as well as horse diet. Some words such as- Turushka, Pasha (Pasa), Pangal, Pathan, Mangal, Mughal, are found to be synonymous with the word Muslims and these words were associated with the plants. Ethno-domestication of 18 (eighteen) plants in their kitchen garden, flower garden, courtyard, fields, orchards etc, was found. Survey of literature couples with field survey was carried out with an aim to understand the sustainable use of bio-resources. Uses of plants among Manipuri community in various purposes were known to this community. To this aspect, an approach of traditional plant stalk conservation is observed from time immemorial.

English

The loss of Africa's forests and bioresources is occurring at an alarming rate, a consequence of increasing population pressure, agricultural land degradation, urbanization and neglect. There is a growing recognition worldwide that conservation and sustainable management of bioresources are pressing priorities in the world today. The choice of conservation methods and techniques depend on the objectives of the particular conservation effort, the breeding system and behaviour of the species in question as well as the available resources including funds, trained personnel, infrastructure and technologies. The use of biotechnological tools and “bioprospecting” will open new vistas in medicine, agriculture, silviculture, horticulture, environment and other important issues. This paper reviews some biotechnological tools that could be harnessed in promoting conservation and sustainable use of bioresources. Key words : Bioresources, genetic conservation, biotechnology. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 2 (12), pp. 704-709, December 2003