Use Of Banana Research Articles

Use of banana (Musa sp.) pseudostem hay in feedlot sheep feeding

ABSTRACT The objective with this study was to evaluate intake, feeding behavior, rumen fluid characteristics, performance, and nutrient digestibility of sheep fed banana pseudostem hay (BPH) with and without virginiamycin (VM). Thirty-two uncastrated male crossbred Dorper × Santa Ines lambs at approximately five months of age, with an average initial body weight of 25.00±1.95 kg, were used in the experiment. Four diets were tested, as follows: Tifton grass hay (TGH) plus concentrate with VM; BPH replacing 60% of TGH plus [...]

The traditional and therapeutic use of banana and its plant based delicacies in ethnic Assamese cuisine and religious rituals from Northeast India

Assam lies nestled in the far north-east corner of the Indian subcontinent. A country blessed with ample natural resources, the state of Assam also has a plethora of options in terms of choosing their core food sources. Banana or kol, as named in Assamese, has hundreds of varieties available in many parts of the world. They grow particularly well in tropical countries. It is found abundantly in the state of Assam and people have been making judicious use of the fruit and its plant parts in their cuisine since time immemorial. But nevertheless, a detailed review on its uses and importance and rising popularity in ethnic delicacies has not yet been documented well. This paper attempts to bring together the popular banana-based recipes of Assam state and its use in everyday religious ceremonies by the people of this community. It has age-old recipes used commonly in Assamese households and descriptive analysis of their microbial and biochemical diversity. It aims to bring to the fore the rising popularity of these ethnic dishes amongst modern population and is an attempt to revive these dishes and bring them into the mainstream Indian ethnic cuisine. As more and more people become aware of ethnic cuisine, it increases a global connectivity based on exchange of such information from lesser-known sources. The importance and significance of documenting these lesser-known recipes of Indian Assamese cuisine is an attempt to keep it relevant and take it to a broader audience who are appreciative of such oriental dishes. It is also high time a policy framework is worked upon by respective government of state and the centre for the true recognition and sustainability of such ethnic cuisine.

Pemanfaatan Protein pada Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Kulit Pisang Fermentasi

The study was conducted from January to February 2014 in the Broiler Cage Stage Cikandang Village, Rumpin District, Bogor Regency, West Java. The study aims to examine the utilization of fermented banana peels on protein consumption, crude protein digestibility and protein mass of broiler chicken meat. The material used was 120 broiler chickens (unsex) with an average body weight of 475 ± 0.98 g / head for 14 days, rumen fluid, banana peels and rations arranged in iso energy and iso protein. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. T0 treatment = control ration without banana peel; T1 = ration with 5% fermented banana peel; T2 = ration with 10% fermented banana peel; T3 = ration with 15% fermented banana peel. Banana peels are fermented for 1 week to reduce high fiber content and high tannin. Data were analyzed using the F test at a level of 5%, followed by the Duncan test if there is a treatment effect. Based on research results, protein consumption was not significantly different (P> 0.05), so was protein digestibility and protein mass. The conclusion of this study is the use of banana peels fermented with rumen fluid has not been able to increase protein digestibility, protein consumption and protein mass of broiler chicken meat. However, the use of banana peels to a level of 15% does not reduce the utilization of protein so that it can be used up to a mixture of broiler chicken rations. Suggestion from research is that further research needs to be done with a different starter or fermenter.
 Keywords: Broiler, banana peel, rumen fluid, protein utilization

Selection and isolation of fungi strains and the use of banana peel a suport for lipases production

Selection and isolation of fungi strains and the use of banana peel a suport for lipases production

Valuation of banana peels as an effective biosorbent for mercury removal under low environmental concentrations

The use of banana peels as biosorbent for mercury sorption from different aqueous solutions was investigated in this work. The impact of the operating conditions, such as biosorbent dosage, contact time and ionic strength was evaluated for realistic initial Hg(II) concentrations of 50 μg dm−3. Biosorbent dosage and contact time showed more influence on Hg(II) removal than ionic strength, and their increase led to improve Hg(II) uptake achieving final concentrations with drinking water quality. The kinetic behaviour of the sorption process was assessed through the reaction-based models of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich, being the last two more appropriated to describe the process. The equilibrium study showed that Freundlich isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental results (R2 = 0.991), which may suggest a multilayer mechanism at biosorbent surface, and the sorption capacity of banana peels obtained from Langmuir isotherm was 0.75 mg g−1. The ability of banana peels to sorb Hg(II) was also examined under real waters, like seawater and a wastewater, which confirmed the feasibility of the biosorbent. Additionally, a counter-current two-stages unit has been proposed for the application of banana peels as biosorbent in water treatments for mercury removal.

Temporal stability of soil moisture in banana cropping area in the Brazilian semiarid region

ABSTRACT Soil moisture is essential for agricultural production. Knowledge on its spatial-temporal variability is indispensable to support agriculture, and it is strongly influenced by cultural practices, soil cover conditions and irrigation methods. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the temporal stability and spatial distribution of soil moisture as a function of the use of banana leaves as soil cover in a plot under conventional sprinkler irrigation and cultivated with banana in the Brazilian semiarid region. The study area was divided in two sectors, with and without covering using banana leaves. Soil moisture was monitored before and after irrigation, at 16 times, using FALKER HidroFarm sensors installed on a transect with 11 units spaced by 8 m, in each sector. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, temporal stability and Spearman correlation test. The morphology of the banana leaves and the irrigation system used contributed to lower soil moisture in the covered sector at all monitoring times. Variations in the physical-hydraulic properties of the soil promoted variations in soil moisture with the position of the sensors in the ground. The temporal stability technique allowed the identification of points that represent the mean behavior of soil moisture throughout the area. The use of banana leaf residues caused less soil wetting using sprinkler irrigation, indicating the need to pre-grind the material or use localized irrigation systems, practices that are not very accessible to small farmers.

Potential Use of Banana Peels Waste at Different Ripening Stages for Sheep Feeding on Chemical, Tannin, and In Vitro Assessments

This research aimed to investigate the potential use of banana peels waste for sheep feeding. Completely randomized design was used to compare the chemical, phenol, and tannin compositions between raw and ripened banana peels from 4 different varieties (Ambon, Muli, Nangka, Kapas). Moreover, a 2x4 factorial design was used to test the main effects of ripening stages (raw, ripened) and doses (10, 20, 30, 40%) of Ambon banana peels on in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (DMD and OMD, %), ammonia (NH3, mM), volatile fatty acids (VFA, mM), pH, and total gas production (TGP, ml). Raw banana peels contained less (P<0.05) dry matter (DM, %) and total digestible nutrients (TDN, %) but it contained higher (P<0.05) crude fiber (CF, %) and gross energy (GE, kcal/kg) compared with ripened banana peels. Raw and ripened banana peels contained considerable amount of total phenols (TP, %) and total tannins (TT, %) although being not different (P>0.05). Based on in vitro assessments, raw Ambon banana peels had lower (P<0.001) DMD, OMD, and VFA but higher NH3 (P<0,001) than ripened ones. Adding Ambon banana peels from 10 to 40% replacing roughage in the diet increased (P<0.001) DMD, OMD, and VFA but decreased (P<0,001) NH3. Both raw and ripened Banana peels have the potential for sheep feeding based on their chemical and in vitro assessments.

Simple approach for the synthesis of Dy2Sn2O7 nanostructures as a hydrogen storage material from banana juice

In this experimental study, a new green and simple approach has been utilized to prepare nanostructured Dy2Sn2O7 as a remarkable material. It is the first report on the production of pure Dy2Sn2O7 nanostructures with utilizing banana juice as natural reagent as well as Dy3+ and Sn4+ sources. The effects of pressing the reactants within a pellet (in the solid form) and the use of banana in two different forms, in the form of solid powder or juice, as well as the applied amount of banana have been studied to achieve the condition for producing the sample with optimal morphology, purity and size. Various micro/nanostructures could be produced via changing the experimental condition. Based on the findings in this research, utilization of banana juice had remarkable role in Dy2Sn2O7 shape and size. Further, several analyses have been carried out to investigate the purity, porosity, composition and shape of the made samples. In following, for first time, the electrochemical hydrogen storage efficiency of Dy2Sn2O7 produced utilizing banana juice has been studied with chronopotentiometry method. The maximum discharge capacity of Dy2Sn2O7 that produced utilizing banana juice has been 4023 mA h/g after 20 cycles and this mesoporous sample demonstrated very good performance at room temperature. On the basis of the findings, the great discharge efficiency related to the green synthesized Dy2Sn2O7 nanostructures with utilization of banana juice can make them as competitive and desirable materials for hydrogen storage technology that they can bring about the diminution in the environmental contamination.

Pengenalan Teknik Vertikultur dengan Media Batang Pisang sebagai Alternatif Teknik Budidaya Tanaman

Problems faced by farmers is the lack of or reduced income their farm at the time of wetland swampy submerged in water for over 6 months due to climatic factors, lack of knowledge of farmers about alternative farming can be done in the yard to increase revenue during the waiting paddy can be cultivated, and lack of knowledge about the use of banana stems in the cultivation of plants. The purpose of this activity is to increase the skills farmers who are members of the Ingin Maju II Farmers Group Desa Pasar Senin dan Sukamaju IV Farmers Group Desa Kandang Halang, Amuntai Tengah District of North Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. This public service using direct extension methods that combine lecture and demonstration plots. While the result is the knowledge and skills of farmers to grow with the establishment of 10 demplot verticulture each farmer group.Keywords: Vertikultur, banana stalks, yard, farmer groups.

Water use of Coffea arabica in open versus shaded systems under smallholder’s farm conditions in Eastern Uganda

Coffee cultivation is a major source of income in East Africa. Increasing temperatures and water scarcity related to climate change are becoming major challenges for coffee production. Therefore, there is an urgent need for sound scientific understanding of the functioning of current coffee cultivation systems and the potential of agroforestry as an adaptation strategy to climate change. In a smallholder coffee farm on Mt Elgon, Uganda, we assessed the effect of three coffee cultivation systems (i.e., Coffee-Open, Coffee-Banana and Coffee-Cordia) on (i) the coffee cultivation environment (e.g. microclimate and soil moisture), (ii) water consumption of coffee, (iii) water consumption of banana (Musa sp.) and Cordia africana and (iv) water competition or complementary use between coffee and shade tree species. To this end, we monitored sap flux density (Js) (g cm−2 hour-1) of coffee, banana and C. africana from March 2015 to April 2016, using Granier thermal dissipation method, along with microclimate, soil moisture and rainfall. Shaded systems reduced irradiance by 70% in Coffee-Cordia system and 58% in Coffee-Banana system compared to Coffee-Open system. Maximum temperatures and daily temperature amplitude were on average reduced by 4 °C in both shaded systems compared to Coffee-Open system. Soil water content (SWC) in shaded systems was reduced by 59% in Coffee-Cordia and 6% in Coffee-Banana compared to Coffee-Open. Daily water consumption of coffee plants was 1.2 ± 0.64 l d-1 and did not differ between systems. Water use of banana was 3.1 ± 1.8 l d-1 and 42 ± 40 l d-1 by C. africana. Coffee-Banana system had the largest daily transpiration rate, 0.9 ± 0.4 mm d-1 per ground area and 0.6 ± 0.4 mm d-1 per unit leaf area, followed by Coffee-Cordia with 0.37 ± 0.1 mm d-1 (per ground area), 0.36 ± 0.1 mm d-1 (per leaf area) and Coffee-Open 0.24 ± 0.1 mm d-1 (per ground area), 0.27 ± 0.1 mm d-1 (per leaf area). Our results showed that differences in microclimate and SWC between cultivation systems did not influence coffee water use during the monitored year. However, water competition between coffee and shade trees could likely occur in drier years, due to the reduced SWC presently observed in shaded systems. Further research is needed to explore the performance of management practices (mulching, pruning and thinning) in interaction with seasonal weather forecast and appropriate selection of shade species (provision of extra products, reduced water use, fast growth and root zone below 80 cm depth) to match the systems’ water requirements with expected soil water availability.

Measuring physiological stress in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): Validation of a salivary cortisol collection and assay technique

Cortisol levels are often used as a physiological measure of the stress response in captive primates, with non-invasive measures of this being an important step in welfare assessment. We report a method of collecting saliva samples voluntarily from unrestrained captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), and validate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique previously unused in this species. Saliva samples were collected from marmosets housed in pairs in a UK laboratory. The assay showed parallelism, precision, accuracy and sensitivity, meeting the criteria typically used to investigate the effectiveness of new analytical techniques. Use of Salimetrics® Oral Swabs considerably increased the amount of cortisol recovered in comparison with previous studies using cotton buds. However, while use of banana on the swabs can encourage chewing, it may influence results. Although increases in cortisol levels have traditionally been interpreted as an indicator of stress in primates, there are many factors that affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with some studies showing decreases in cortisol levels post-stressor. Following a likely stressful event (capture for weighing), we also found cortisol levels significantly decreased, possibly due to social buffering or ‘blunting’ of the HPA axis. Order of weighing also had an effect. The method therefore provided an effective non-invasive means of assessing acute changes in cortisol level that may be more useful than previous methods, improving our ability to study physiological aspects of welfare in primates. We discuss methodological considerations, as well as implications of using cortisol as a measure of stress.

Visually suboptimal bananas: How ripeness affects consumer expectation and perception

One reason for the significant amount of food that is wasted in developed countries is that consumers often expect visually suboptimal food as being less palatable. Using bananas as example, the objective of this study was to determine how appearance affects consumer overall liking, the rating of sensory attributes, purchase intention, and the intended use of bananas. The ripeness degree (RD) of the samples was adjusted to RD 5 (control) and RD 7 (more ripened, visually suboptimal). After preliminary experiments, a total of 233 participants were asked to judge their satisfaction with the intensity of sensory attributes that referred to flavor, taste, and texture using just-about-right scales. Subjects who received peeled samples were asked after tasting, whereas subjects who received unpeeled bananas judged expectation and, after peeling and tasting, perception. Expected overall liking and purchase intention were significantly lower for RD 7 bananas. Purchase intention was still significantly different between RD 5 and RD 7 after tasting, whereas no difference in overall liking was observed. Significant differences between RD 5 and RD 7 were observed when asking participants for their intended use of the bananas. Concerning the sensory attributes, penalty analysis revealed that only the firmness of the RD 7 bananas was still not just-about-right after tasting. The importance that consumers attribute to the shelf-life of food had a pronounced impact on purchase intention of bananas with different ripeness degree. In the case of suboptimal bananas, the results demonstrate a positive relationship between the sensory perception and overall liking and purchase intention. Convincing consumers that visually suboptimal food is still tasty is of high relevance for recommending different ways of communication.

Effect of the addition of guava, apple, mango, or banana on the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics and on the acceptance of Minas Frescal cheese during cold storage

The effect of adding guava (20g/100 g), apple (20g/100 g), mango (10g/100 g) or banana (15g/100g) on physical and chemical characteristics and on acceptance of Minas Frescal cheese during cold storage (4 °C for 28 days) was evaluated. Fruit addition caused an increase in acidity and moisture content and decreases in ash content and consistency of the products. Cheeses with apple and mango presented firmness (on day 28) and acceptance similar to that of traditional cheese in most attributes, while the use of banana and guava requires some improvements. During cold storage, the cheeses with fruits behaved similarly to the traditional cheese, with decrease in pH and cohesiveness and increase in titratable acidity. Coliforms and Salmonella ssp. counts were within the limits established. It can be concluded that it is possible to develop Minas Frescal cheese flavored with fruits that have appropriated chemical composition, physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics and acceptance. Practical applications Promotion of the consumption of fruits and vegetables has become a public health priority in many countries in the last decade. Development of new cheese products will benefit both manufacturers and consumers. Manufacturers will be able to expand their market and profitability from new cheese products and consumers will have more choice to purchase and consume various types of cheese products. Minas Frescal cheeses flavored with fruits with appropriated chemical composition, physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics and acceptance were achieved by using 10 g/100g of mango or 20 g/100g of apple. The use of banana and guava requires some improvements, especially in appearance and texture attributes, although they have not been rejected by consumers.

Use of Banana (Musa acuminata Colla AAA) Peel Extract as an Antioxidant Source in Orange Juices.

Using banana peel extract as an antioxidant in freshly squeezed orange juices and juices from concentrate was evaluated. Free radical scavenging capacity increased by adding banana peel extracts to both types of orange juice. In addition, remarkable increases in antioxidant capacity using 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical were observed when equal or greater than 5mg of banana peel extract per ml of freshly squeezed juice was added. No clear effects were observed in the capacity to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Adding 5mg banana peel extract per ml of orange juice did not substantially modify the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of either type of juice. However, undesirable changes in the sensory characteristics (in-mouth sensations and colour) were detected when equal or greater than 10mg banana peel extract per ml of orange juice was added. These results confirm that banana peel is a promising natural additive that increases the capacity to scavenge free radicals of orange juice with acceptable sensory and physicochemical characteristics for the consumer.

Proteção intelectual através da indicação geográfica “Chã de Jardim” do artesanato em folha da bananeira (musa sp.) no Estado da Paraíba

&lt;p&gt;A construção de um Sistema de Indicação Geográfica Brasileiro tem sido pautada por uma variedade ampla de bens, envolvendo desde produtos industriais e agrícolas, serviços e até artesanato. Levando em consideração características sociais, culturais e geográficas, bem como a constituição étnica da população de Areia, no Estado da Paraíba, é de se supor o vasto conhecimento local que suas comunidades acumularam, e que procuram incorporar nas suas práticas cotidianas. Uma das práticas artesanais passíveis de proteção por Indicação Geográfica diz respeito ao uso do caule da bananeira (&lt;em&gt;Musa sp.&lt;/em&gt;) como matéria prima para a fabricação de produtos manufaturados como bolsas, quadros, luminárias, pastas para eventos, utensílios para cozinha etc. O registro de IG para este tipo de atividade pode valorizar o conhecimento local sobre o uso sustentável da biodiversidade e promover as tradições culturais de Areia, trazendo melhorias para as comunidades envolvidas e, consequentemente, incrementando o desenvolvimento regional. O nome geográfico a ser protegido para o artesanato é “Chã de Jardim”. Sugere-se que este nome seja protegido por Indicação de Procedência em vista da reputação dos produtos artesanais locais.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Código JEL&lt;/strong&gt; | O33; Q56; R11.&lt;/p&gt;

Use of banana purée from three indigenous Thai cultivars as food matrices for probiotics and application in bio‐set‐type yoghurt production

SummaryThis research studied the use of banana purée from three indigenous Thai cultivars (Kluai Hom Thong, Kluai Namwa and Kluai Khai) as probiotic carrying agents in food and application in bio‐set‐type yoghurt. Kluai Khai purée had promising indication of prebiotic activity on Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc‐37 with the highest probiotic activity score. When Lpc‐37 cell was incorporated into Kluai Khai purée, its cell counts increased by 0.8 log CFU g−1 and it adhered to purée, as seen by the proliferating cells. Therefore, Kluai Khai purée mixed with Lpc‐37 was selected for the production of bio‐set‐type yoghurt. The results showed that viable cells increased more than 0.8 log CFU g−1 during storage. This study reflected the achievement of using Kluai Khai purée as food matrix for carrying ‘active probiotic cells’ in bio‐yoghurt production. This methodologically developed prototype could be an interesting alternative for value adding of indigenous fruits.

Ações educativas ambientais no cotidiano de uma escola municipal de Santa Maria, RS

O grande desafio da temática ambiental é abordar questões em sua totalidade, evitando enfoques aos temas isolados, mesmo que relevantes. A prática de Educação Ambiental no cotidiano escolar apresenta alternativas para o envolvimento de toda a comunidade escolar com ações contínuas e não pontuais. Há possibilidades de uma educação ambiental interdisciplinar com o objetivo de problematizar o entendimento, mostrar que o educador tem um papel fundamental nesta nova perspectiva de ensino, criando, recriando, reinventando, fazendo o que não se sabe fazer, deixando-se ensinar com a participação de todos. Sabe-se que são as ações cotidianas que trazem grandes mudanças. Este trabalho traz uma reflexão sobre a educação ambiental na escola e a ética do cuidado. O objetivo principal foi desenvolver ações educativas com alunos do 3º ano da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Zenir Aita de Santa Maria, RS, sobre questões envolvendo o meio ambiente, através de palestras, folhetos, passeios ao redor da escola para uma leitura de paisagem, entrevistas com a direção da escola, professores e funcionários. Foram realizadas ações como: lixo no lugar certo, construção de minhocário, relógio do corpo humano com plantas medicinais, aproveitamento de cascas com o bolo de banana. Assim constatou-se que a escola oferece um ambiente favorável para que a Educação Ambiental seja desenvolvida continuamente abrangendo todas as disciplinas, na construção do conhecimento.

Turning interahamwe: individual and community choices in the Rwandan genocide

The first person to be found guilty of genocide by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was Jean-Paul Akayesu, the bourgmestre 1 of Taba Commune in Gitarama.2 The prefecture of Git...

Reply to comment by R. Montelli, G. Nolet and F. A. Dahlen on ‘Banana-doughnut kernels and mantle tomography’

Montelli et al. comment on a paper that we wrote in response to an earlier ‘comment’ and in which we argue that the Princeton models with or without banana–doughnut theory are effectively the same and that, thus, the beneficial effects of the use of banana—doughnut kernels (BDKs) on global tomography have been overstated. The models are highly correlated. There are (of course) differences, and some anomalies in the banana–doughnut models have higher amplitudes (perhaps by as much as 50 per cent or more) than in the ray theoretical models. However, this occurs mainly for small, weak anomalies, whose resolution by long period data has not been demonstrated. Because of differences in data and inversion strategy, and in absence of a ‘ground truth’, comparisons of MIT and PRI models do not provide insight into the efficacy and validity of BDKs or the accuracy of the models. With regard to plumes: if they indeed exist and have the appearance as suggested by Montelli et al. then our models are—in that respect—inaccurate. However, this is unrelated to the main point of our paper.

The use of banana in MRCP

The use of banana in MRCP