Potential Use of Banana Peels Waste at Different Ripening Stages for Sheep Feeding on Chemical, Tannin, and In Vitro Assessments

Abstract

This research aimed to investigate the potential use of banana peels waste for sheep feeding. Completely randomized design was used to compare the chemical, phenol, and tannin compositions between raw and ripened banana peels from 4 different varieties (Ambon, Muli, Nangka, Kapas). Moreover, a 2x4 factorial design was used to test the main effects of ripening stages (raw, ripened) and doses (10, 20, 30, 40%) of Ambon banana peels on in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility (DMD and OMD, %), ammonia (NH3, mM), volatile fatty acids (VFA, mM), pH, and total gas production (TGP, ml). Raw banana peels contained less (P<0.05) dry matter (DM, %) and total digestible nutrients (TDN, %) but it contained higher (P<0.05) crude fiber (CF, %) and gross energy (GE, kcal/kg) compared with ripened banana peels. Raw and ripened banana peels contained considerable amount of total phenols (TP, %) and total tannins (TT, %) although being not different (P>0.05). Based on in vitro assessments, raw Ambon banana peels had lower (P<0.001) DMD, OMD, and VFA but higher NH3 (P<0,001) than ripened ones. Adding Ambon banana peels from 10 to 40% replacing roughage in the diet increased (P<0.001) DMD, OMD, and VFA but decreased (P<0,001) NH3. Both raw and ripened Banana peels have the potential for sheep feeding based on their chemical and in vitro assessments.