Use In Organic Production Research Articles

Didelio meistriškumo sportininkų ir sporto trenerių ekologiškų maisto produktų vartojimas Lietuvoje

There is no data on the use of organic food by athletes and sports trainers in Lithuania. This determined the purpose of our study ‒ to examine and describe the peculiarities of the consumption of organic food products between Lithuanian high performance athletes and sports trainers. To assess the use of organic food, 158 Lithuanian high-skilled athletes and 135 sports coaches were surveyed. The results of the survey showed that the number of organic food users in the groups of athletes and coaches is high, accounting for 97% and 88.1%. Regardless of this, eco-friendly foods are too rarely used by athletes and coaches. Only 27.9% of athletes and only 36.5% of sports coaches use organic food daily. Athletes and sports trainers usually use organic fruits and berries, vegetables, eggs, and meat products. However, the use of organic products is determined by the gender and age of athletes and coaches. Information on organic nutrition is lacking in 44.3% of athletes and 54.8% of sports coaches. The use of organic food depends on the incomes of the athletes, but incomes is not a limiting factor for ecologic nutrition. Meanwhile, the use of organic food among sports trainers has no link with their incomes. The results of our research justify the need for the development of organic food products and assortment. It would be advisable for manufacturers to focus on the segment of high performance athletes and their sports coaches in shaping the organic food market. Keywords: organic food, high performance, athletes, sports coaches.

Growth and development of phytopathogenic micromycetes under the influence of a mixture of essential oils

The creation a new biological preparations on based vegetable oils is a promising direction in improving the efficiency organic production a plant products in Ukraine. Their ecological expediency consists in safety for the person, environment, animals, entomophagous that gives the chance to receive ecologically safe production. It was studied the sensitivity a phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Trichodérma víride to essential oils of basil and cinnamon. It is showed that the essential oils of basil and cinnamon are inhibit the growth, the development and sporulation phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria alternata, Trichodérma víride at an environmentally safe level. This indicates their high prospects in the creation the biological products for use in organic production, which will reduce the cost of plant raw materials and improve its quality.

366 Effects of organic versus conventional diets on dystocia rates in Nubian dams

Abstract Organic products have been growing in popularity in the consumer market, often without evidence to support potential benefits. Many organic products promise better results than conventional products, yet research examining the use of organic products as a feedstuff in caprine diets is lacking. Additionally, the cost of organic feedstuff is much greater when compared to conventional. Reproductive success of an animal has a direct correlation with nutrition throughout pregnancy and could be impacted by organic products. Thus, potential benefits of increase of reproductive health could outweigh the initial cost of organic feedstuffs. The objective of the current study was to determine differences in dystocia occurrence between caprine dams fed conventional and organic feedstuffs in the last 6 wk of gestation. Eight gestating Nubian does (n = 4) ranging from 1 to 5 yr of age with initial BW between 45.4 and 68.5 kg were separated into two treatment groups based on BCS utilizing the American Dairy Goat Association’s BCS 1 to 5 scale. Treatment A was fed a conventional diet including 14% CP concentrate, mineral supplementation, and molasses. Treatment B was fed an equivalent USDA certified organic concentrate, mineral supplement and molasses. Dams were fed 0.907kg/d/45.4kg of BW of concentrate and mineral supplement at 0.012kg/d/45.4kg of BW in individual feeding stocks at 0630 and 1730 in the last 6 wk of gestation. All Dams were provided ad libitum to hay and water. During parturition, dystocia was defined as requiring obstetrical assistance at any point during kidding. Differences in dystocia rate between conventional and organic groups were analyzed by independent T-Test at P < 0.05. As expected, no differences were observed between organic and conventional treatment groups (p = 0.28). As a result, the increased priced of organic feedstuff was not justified for feeding over conventional products.

Efficacy of Double Nickel LC (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 Strain) for Management of White Mold in Snap and Dry Bean

White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious disease affecting snap and dry bean production. Management is reliant upon fungicides to protect flowers from infection by ascospores. The inability to use conventional fungicides in organic production represents a substantial hurdle, although products approved by the National Organic Program (NOP) offer a substitute for disease management. In many cases, copper-based products are central to disease management programs in organic production, but the potential for crop loss from premature flower abscission in snap and dry bean owing to phytotoxicity when applied at high temperatures and for other undesirable environmental outcomes has driven interest in biopesticides registered by the NOP as alternatives. Five small-plot, replicated field trials (three in snap bean and two in light red kidney bean) were conducted across three years (2016 to 2018) to evaluate the efficacy of the biopesticide Double Nickel LC (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 strain) for the management of white mold. Trials were inoculated with S. sclerotiorum ascospores to ensure uniform disease potential. The incidence of white mold in plots receiving two applications of Double Nickel LC (2.34 liters/ha) was not significantly different from the conventional fungicide standards. No significant difference in white mold incidence was found between 2.34 and 4.68 liters/ha of Double Nickel LC in either crop. Responses in pod yield components from improved white mold management in either crop were variable. The potential of Double Nickel LC for use in organic production of snap and light red kidney bean for management of white mold is discussed.

“Different Shades of Green”, the 6th European Turfgrass Society Research Conference: Agronomy Journal Special Section

The European Turfgrass Society (ETS) held its 6th Research Conference in Manchester, UK, from 2 to 4 July 2018. The meeting followed the ones in Italy (2008), France (2010), Norway (2012), Germany (2014), and Portugal (2016). The theme of this year’s conference, “Different Shades of Green”, was chosen to reflect the wide diversity of turfgrasses utilized for amenity and landscape applications and the many different athletic grass fields found all over the world. Managing turfgrass sport fields and amenity landscapes in a sustainable manner has become the focus in turfgrass maintenance and the theme should reflect this fact. Political, social, environmental, and economic drivers are increasingly aiming on the well-being and future of our planet for the good of all. However, most turfgrass areas are part of a leisure industry, and a balance must be found between the demands and expectations of customers who pay for and use the sporting and landscape amenities and the sustainable maintenance approach. We cannot forget that players are our raison d'être! The challenge of a modern turfgrass manager is to utilize resources in a manner to meeting the needs of users without unduly affecting the wider environment. Therefore, one of the objectives of the ETS is to allow for a holistic view of turfgrass areas particularly with respect to its influence on urban and environmental quality. Other objectives include facilitating research cooperation, share knowledge on good management practices, and disseminate relevant and science based information forum to its members and to the public at large. The papers presented at the Conference covered a variety of topics from speakers representing many different parts the world. Some presentations are summarized as short abstracts and were published in a special edition of the European Journal of Turfgrass Science. Full papers are published in this special section of Agronomy Journal. A total of 19 manuscripts were submitted to Agronomy Journal, of which 11 were accepted for publication after peer review. Topics covered include turfgrass morphology (Pornaro et al., 2018), cultivar identification (Yang et al., 2018), and turfgrass performance affected by management approaches such as mowing and fertilization (Guertal and McElroy, 2018; Pease and Stier, 2018; Schwartz et al., 2018). Several projects investigated the use of organic products or maintenance strategies for disease control (Aamlid et al., 2018; Mattox et al., 2018; Schmid et al., 2018; Wang et al, 2018). Findings on irrigation water conservation and salinity remediation are reported by Serena et al. (2018) and Schiavon and Baird (2018), respectively. We would like to thank Dr. John Stier, University of Tennessee, and Dr. Mike Richardson, University of Arkansas, who served as editors for this special section. We would like to also thank the Associate Editors and the numerous anonymous reviewers who provided valuable input. Without their help, this special section would not have been possible.

Response of crisp lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to organic and inorganic sources of fertilization

The use of organic products to promote plant growth is becoming ever-more important as the paradigm of sustainable production of foodstuffs becomes increasingly common. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the response of lettuce to organic and inorganic sources of nutrients in soils representative of those found in Parana State, Brazil, across successive cultivations. Experimental methodology involved randomized blocks, with5 repetitions. Treatments used were: 1- control (Test);2-100% mineral fertilizer (MF); 3- 100% chicken litter (CL); 4- 100% liquid pig manure (LMP); 5- 50:50 mixture of CL and MF (CL+MF); 6- 50:50 mixture of LMP and MF (LMP+MF) and 7- 50% CA + 50% (CL+LMP). Experimental plot size was 0.7 m², and young Verônica cultivar individuals were planted with a 0.30 x 0.30 m spacing. There were two experimental plantings: in the first, the first using the treatments described above; the second, investigated the residual effect of fertilization of the first planting. For the first cropping, highest wet (326.5 and 315.4 g plant-1)and dry (14.2 and 19.74 g plant-1) above ground biomasses, were obtained with the LMP +MF and CL+MF treatments. No significant differences were encountered for the treatments in the second harvest. The effect of mineral fertilization in the production of Veronica cultivar lettuce, is greatest when it is combined with organic fertilization such as chicken litter (CL) or liquid pig manure (LMP).

Оцінка генотипів шовковичного шовкопряда (Bombyx mori L.) для органічного шовківництва

The purpose. Rate genotypes from the gene pool collection of silkworm for use in organic silk production in Ukraine. Methods. Laboratory and analytical, hybridization and selection, thermostatic, statistical data using bio-economic indicators genotypes silkworm. Results. Selected genotypes from the gene pool collection of silkworm are resistant to adverse environmental factors. They are therefore suitable for organic production of larvae, pupae, and cocoons of silkworm eggs. At the same culture conditions moth should be close to nature, including feeding caterpillars organic mulberry leaves. The genotypes have a higher viability of caterpillars, cocoon weight, the proportion of high-quality cocoons and cocoon crop compared to the control breed Merefa 6. Conclusions. Selected from a gene pool collection silkworm genotypes may be used in organic production system sericulture Ukraine.

Climate change perceptions and response strategies of forest fringe communities in Indian Eastern Himalaya

The study documented perception of forest fringe community of Chilapata reserve forest in West Bengal, India, from September 2013 to May 2015 through questionnaire-based personal in-depth interviews involving 400 respondents and group discussions. Adaptation strategies used by the community in response to impact of climate change were also documented. Majority of the respondents were farmers with marginal land holding. Almost all the respondents perceived the phenomena of climate change. The overall perception of the community toward change in temperature-related events and precipitation is high with average perception score of 0.74, while it is medium for change in regularity of climate events with score of 0.51. In spite of such perceptions, the community had low average livelihood impact perception score of 0.23. Considering the adaptation strategies based on knowledge–adoption index, the adaptation in response to climate change is at medium level with average mean score of 0.63. A total of 17 coping options were identified. Pre-monsoon dry seeding, agroforestry, crop rotation, short duration crop varieties and use of organic products were popular. The study recommend a need for scientists, government and non-government agents and other stakeholders to support efforts by farmers to adapt to effects of climate change through technological, policy and financial interventions with an aim of improving livelihoods and food security.

State regulation of organic products market in Russia

The organic products market and the demand for quality products in the world are growing rapidly. In Russia it is only being formed. The European Union has an efficiently functioning system for regulating the production and use of organic products. The purpose of the study was to compare the current European and domestic legislation in the field of organic agriculture to develop proposals for the further improvement of domestic legislation, which will contribute to the development of the organic products market. The author used methods: abstract-logical, analysis, comparison, induction, deduction, monographic. As a result of the research, the author came to the following conclusions: at present, the regulatory and legal system for regulating the organic products market in Russia is a set of laws, standards, requirements not only Russian but also international. It includes both special legal acts and general economic ones, as well as federal as well as regional ones. Formation of the legal field in this area occurs during the economic crisis, sanctions and unsanctions, the country's membership in the WTO, etc. On how quickly its completion will depend on the position of Russia in the international organic market. In Russia there is still no law coordinating organic production. Adoption of the law on the production and circulation of organic products will ensure the development of ecological farming, as well as the production of quality and safe food. The development of forms and methods of state regulation of the organic products market will create conditions for the evolution of organic farming and farming in Russia, which will ensure that not only citizens of the country will be provided with environmentally friendly products, but will also provide an opportunity for domestic organizations to become full-fledged players on the international organic market. The results obtained by the author, in the future can be used by market participants of organic products in practice and the government in the development of special laws and by-laws.

Swede Midge, Diamondback Moth, and Imported Cabbageworm Control With Insecticides Allowed for Organic Production, 2014

This trial was conducted to evaluate insecticides approved for use in organic production. The trial was conducted on a field managed using practices allowed for organic production since 2008 at Cornell’s New York State Experiment Station in Geneva, NY. Broccoli ‘Belstar F1’ with 3–4 true leaves was transplanted on 2 Jun 2014. The transplants were set by hand using a Water Wheel transplanter (Rain-Flo Irrigation, Lancaster, PA) with a solution of 0.5oz/gal Fertrell fish oil emulsion into raised beds with 1.25 mil black polyethylene and drip irrigation tape. Annual ryegrass was seeded between the rows for weed control and mowed as needed. Six treatments and an untreated check were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Each plot consisted of six plants spaced 12 inch apart with 7 ft between rows and 2 ft between treatments. Sprays (with the exception of Surround) were applied with a CO …

Squash Bug and Striped Cucumber Beetle Control with Insecticides Allowed for Organic Production, 2014

This trial was conducted to evaluate insecticides allowed for use in organic production. The trial was conducted on a field at Cornell’s New York State Experiment Station in Geneva, NY managed using practices allowed for organic production since 2008. Zucchini “Tigress” was seeded in the greenhouse 29 May and transplanted on 16 Jun into raised beds with 1.25 mil black polyethylene and drip irrigation tape. A solution of 0.5 oz/gal Fertrell fish oil emulsion was applied to all plants at transplanting. Annual ryegrass was seeded between the rows for weed control and mowed periodically as needed. Six treatments and an untreated check were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Each plot consisted of six plants spaced 18 inch …

Modelo experimental con bloques aleatorios simples y análisis multivariado para el mejoramiento de procesos orgánicos en la agroindustria

Rev.esc.adm.negEn Colombia, el estudio y diseño experimental enfocado en procesos agroindustriales, es limitado. Es evidente cómo se han desaprovechado las ventajas comparativas que posee el País, haciendo referencia a las características climáticas, al igual que las ventajas que pueden ofrecer diversas especies, que obedeciendo a su situación geográfica, beneficiarían un desarrollo tanto social como comercial, así como el uso de productos orgánicos, soportado en procesos de investigación que hagan uso de modelos experimentales para la optimización de los procesos. De tal manera que las pocas alternativas establecidas, sumadas a la carencia de infraestructura adecuada, impiden avances a gran escala en este sector económico, entorpeciendo las condiciones de competitividad necesarias en el contexto global (Jaramillo, 1990-2000).

Silício na produção e qualidade fitossanitária de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum)

Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element that has been studied in various plants, seeking to improve the nutritional quality and health, in order to more sustainable agriculture. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of potassium silicate application combined or not with phytosanitary treatments, in the production and health quality of tomato. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments, four replications and 12 plants per plot. The treatments were: control (T1), phytosanitary treatment (T2), 1.0 kg ha-1 Si (T3), 1.0 kg ha-1 Si and phytosanitary treatments (T4), 2.0 kg ha-1 Si (T5) and 2.0 kg ha-1 Si and phytosanitary treatments (T6). From 30 days after transplant, the visual plant health was performed fortnightly. Ten days before the first harvest, was recorded fruit set, considering only the first bunch of four central plants of each plot. At harvest time, counted the commercial fruits harvested, the fruit attacked per worm and the fruits damaged by scalding, in the of four central plants of each plot. Also gauged it fresh weight of these same fruits and productivity. The Si had little effect on increasing the production and quality of tomato plant, when applied alone. Despite the lower results in treatments containing only Si, the data indicate the possibility of their use in organic production or assist in treatments with fungicides and insecticide in conventional tillage system. However, further studies should be performed specifically in relation to other forms of application.

The Reemergence of an Old Pest, Orchestes pallicornis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Apple flea weevil, Orchestes pallicornis (Say) was a sporadic pest in the early 1900s and has reemerged as a severe pest of cultivated apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) in Michigan. Organic apple orchards in Michigan have had outbreak population levels of apple flea weevil since 2008 and damage has resulted in up to 90% losses. Apple flea weevil is a small, 2–3-mm black weevil with enlarged high legs for jumping. The adults feed on bud and leaf tissue and heavy pressure causes bud termination. Leaf tissue is removed in multiple small circles, with the net result of the large removal of photosynthetic material. Larvae are leaf miners, developing between the upper and lower leaf cuticles while migrating from the midrib to the leaf margin where pupation occurs. Pupae develop inside a blister, an air-filled space that turns brown. Low populations of apple flea weevil are missed easily or misdiagnosed as either frost damaged from bud feeding or sulfur burn from pupal cases. Apple flea weevil is likely secondarily managed by broad-spectrum insecticides used in conventional programs. However, there are currently no proven management options for use in organic production. As broad-spectrum materials are replaced by reduced-risk compounds, it is possible that apple flea weevil will become an important pest in apple production.

Impact of Management Systems on Soil Properties and Their Relationships to Kiwifruit Quality

Crop quality depends on several factors, among which soil properties play a great role. The use of organic products as sources of plant nutrients to improve crop quality has been established. The use of biological nutrient sources to improve crop quality as well as improve soil physical, chemical, and biological properties could be a viable alternative to organic and/or conventional farming. However, there is little information available on how soil properties and kiwifruit quality are affected by the use of a biological farming system. Therefore, research was conducted with the objective of comparing the response of conventional, organic, and biological management systems on soil properties and kiwifruit quality in respect to Actinidia deliciosa (Hayward) and A. chinensis (Hort16A). Greatest soil bulk density and lowest gas phase, maximum water-holding capacity, gravitational drainage, and hygroscopic moisture were observed in Hayward in both biological and conventional management systems. The variations in soil properties for total pH, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and aluminium (Al) were linked to management practices, and electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and boron (B) were linked to cultural species. The Ca/Mg ratio of these orchards was more than 7:1, and the Mg/K ratio was less than 2:1, indicating application of dolomitic limestone is recommended over high-Ca liming materials. The greatest yield, total soluble solids, and ionic strength were obtained in Hort16A from conventional management. Greater P, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu levels were recorded in organic Hayward than in other management systems. However, greater total N, K, Mg, S, Na, Mn, and B contents were observed in conventional Hort16A than in organic, biological, or conventional Hayward. The results of this study indicated that all macronutrients flux in Hort16A better than in Hayward. On the other hand, flux of micronutrients in Hayward was greater than in Hort16A. The cost/benefit ratio is the most favorable, that is, lowest, for organic Hayward on volcanic soils in the Bay of Plenty.

Laboratory Toxicity Profile of an Organic Formulation of Spinosad against the Eggplant Flea Beetle, Epitrix Fuscula Crotch

The eggplant flea beetle, Epitrix fuscula Crotch, is a major insect pest of eggplant, Solanum melongena L. var. esculentum (Solanaceae), produced in the south central United States and often requires management with insecticides immediately following setting of transplants into the field. Few insecticides approved for use in organic production have provided effective management of the beetles. The study reported herein demonstrates the effectiveness of Entrust, a new organic approved formulation of spinosad. Following exposure on eggplant foliage, Entrust was shown to be toxic to adult flea beetles with LC50 and LC95 values of 42.9 and 296.7 ppm, respectively. Although mortality following exposure was sometimes delayed until six days, the effects on flea beetle behavior were observed in as little as six hours following exposure. Feeding was significantly reduced one day after exposure to both the highest recommended field rate and to a 25% concentration of the high rate. Persistence in the field was short. No significant differences in mortality were detected for beetles transferred to treated and water-treated eggplant foliage taken three days after application. Of the insecticides approved for use in organic production, Entrust likely offers an excellent choice for management of eggplant flea beetles on eggplant.

Australian consumers’ food-related environmental beliefs and behaviours

The aim of this study was to examine Australians’ food-related environmental beliefs and behaviours. Questionnaires were posted to 500 randomly selected adults, with 223 questionnaires completed (58% response rate). Decreased use of packaging by food manufacturers was viewed as being the most important item to help the environment, while lower meat consumption was seen as least likely to help. Composting food scraps and purchase or consumption of locally produced foods were the most commonly performed food-related environmental behaviours, while use of organic products was the least commonly performed. Moderate consistency ( r s=0.54) was found between reported beliefs and behaviours. Older people were more likely to perform certain food-related environmental behaviours, such as composting. Awareness of the impact on the environment of meat production, organic compared to conventional farming, and food packaging was low even among those who were found to already believe that food-related actions are important to help the environment, suggesting widespread consciousness raising is needed.

Avaliação de produtos alternativos no controle da ferrugem do cafeeiro

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar produtos orgânicos quanto ao efeito protetor e indutor de resistência à ferrugem do cafeeiro (Hemileia vastatrix), comparando-se com fungicidas sistêmicos. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando-se mudas de cafeeiro cv. Catuaí Vermelho 144. Foram avalidados como indutores de resistência extratos foliares, suspensões de conídios fúngicos e de células bacterianas, fertilizantes foliares, hipocloritos e acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições, sendo que cada parcela experimental foi constituída de cinco mudas de café perfazendo um total de 15 mudas por tratamento. Os experimentos foram repetidos duas vezes com resultados semelhantes. Quando avaliado o efeito protetor, a maioria dos compostos reduziu o número de pústulas e a área foliar com ferrugem em comparação à testemunha 1 (água). Extratos de folhas de café, obtidos pelo processo aquoso e extratos de sementes de Azadirachta indica ('neem") obtidos pelo processo de extração com metanol apresentaram proteção similar, mas nunca superior a epoxiconazole + piraclostrobin. Extratos aquosos de folhas de café, ASM, Bacillus subtilis e Pseudomonas putida reduziram a infecção causada por H. vastatrix em mais de 77 %.

Six-year comparison between organic, IPM and conventional cotton production systems in the Northern San Joaquin Valley, California

AbstractThree different cotton production strategies [certified organic, conventionally grown, and reduced insecticide input/integrated pest management (IPM)] were compared in field-sized replicates in the Northern San Joaquin Valley (NSJV), California, from 1996 to 2001. We measured arthropod abundance, plant development, plant density, pesticide use, cost of production, lint quality and yields in the three treatments. Overall pest abundance was low, and a key cotton fruit pest,Lygus hesperusKnight, known as the western tarnished plant bug (WTPB), did not exceed action thresholds in any treatment. Organic fields had significantly more generalist insect predators than conventional fields during at least one seasonal interval in all but one year. While there were no significant differences in plant development, plant densities at harvest were lower in organic than conventional and IPM fields. Some measures of lint quality (color grade and bale leaf rating) were also lower in the organic treatment than in either the IPM or the conventional treatments. Synthetic insecticides, not allowed for use in organic production, were also used in significantly lower quantities in the IPM fields than in the conventional fields. Over the 6-year period of the study, IPM fields averaged 0.63 kg of active ingredient (AI) insecticide per hectare, as opposed to 1.02 kg AI ha−1for conventional fields, a reduction of 38%. Costs of production per bale were on average 37% higher for organic than for conventional cotton. This cost differential was primarily due to greater hand-weeding costs and significantly lower yields in organic cotton, compared with either IPM or conventional cotton. Average 6-year yields were 4.4, 5.4 and 6.7 bales ha−1for organic, IPM and conventional treatments, respectively. Low world cotton prices and the lack of premium prices for organic cotton are the primary obstacles for continued production in the NSJV.

Status and Preliminary Research on Non-Synthetic Herbicides for Organic Production

Procedures for identifying and registering non-synthetic herbicides for possible use in organic production are complex, involving federal and state laws and regulations as well as national and local organic certifying agencies. Our purpose is to explain this process and to review preliminary research on several non-synthetic herbicides. This document is HS1003, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: January 2005.