Industrial Use Research Articles

Fabrication of polysulfone-cellulose acetate based TiO2 @SiO2-CuS and Fe3O4 @XG membrane and its application in wastewater treatment

Membrane technology emerged as a preferred method for wastewater treatment due to its efficiency, and low energy consumption, particularly in pharmaceutical industries. In this study, two types of membranes were developed and compared: cellulose acetate with dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, and polysulfone with dimethylformamide, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. These membranes were augmented with nanocomposites, such as Fe3O4 @XG and TiO2 @SiO2-CuS, to enhance performance. Experimental investigations involved doping membranes with nanocomposites at varying concentrations (0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1.0 wt%). Atomic force microscopy revealed that increasing nanocomposite content led to smoother surfaces and improved anti-fouling properties. Incorporating nanocomposites reduced the contact angle, with 1.0 wt% PSF/TiO2 @SiO2-CuS exhibiting the lowest angle at 33.134°. Physical property assessments, including density, viscosity, pH, and porosity, were conducted to evaluate the impact of nanocomposites. Under 4 atm pressure, 1.0 wt% CA-TiO2 @SiO2-CuS demonstrated a maximum pure water flux of 3300 ± 50 lit/m2.hr compared to the pure membrane. Furthermore, biodegradability tests indicated a significant weight loss of the nanocomposite membranes, with a 13.89 % increase in CA membrane weight loss compared to a 0.20 % increase in PSF membrane weight loss. The study highlights the potential of these membranes for diverse applications, particularly in wastewater treatment, underscoring their efficiency and suitability for pharmaceutical industry use.

Moisture Properties, Microstructural and Microbiological Characteristics of Flax and Hemp Shives Used in Construction Industry

ABSTRACT The construction industry is among the largest energy-consumer and waste-generating sectors, and it needs sustainable methods and materials to decrease its carbon footprint. One possible solution is to use secondary raw materials and crops as a basis for thermal insulation materials or passive buffers of moisture. This article presents the results of testing raw hemp and flax shives obtained from Polish crops for use in the construction industry. There are only a few works devoted to the parameters of the raw material itself, and no comparative studies are available on the shives themselves. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to compare the properties of shives obtained from these two fibrous plants, to understand their usability and possibilities. Our research focuses on measuring pore size distribution, hygroscopic sorption moisture, capillary rise, and contact angle. It was shown that both types of shives are characterized by similar porosity and hygroscopic sorption characteristics, but different pore size distribution and ability to absorb water through capillary action. Microbiological tests showed variations in the presence of fungi on the shives surfaces. The article also presents an example of the use of the tested materials as an internal wall covering and compares it to gypsum plaster.

Recent advancements in flow control using plasma actuators and plasma vortex generators

AbstractFlow‐control techniques have attracted significant attention in many scientific areas due to their ability to improve the effectiveness and regulate the flow of aerodynamic devices. This study explores the latest developments in flow‐control techniques, specifically concentrating on the cutting‐edge technologies of plasma vortex generators (PVGs) and actuators. By taking advantage of the ionization of gases or air, plasma actuators have become a viable method for modifying an object's aerodynamic properties without needing physical moving parts. These actuators create localized plasma discharges that interact with the surrounding flow to provide accurate separation control, boundary‐layer dynamics, and aerodynamic forces on aircraft wings, wind turbine blades, and other surfaces. PVG, which produce controlled vortical structures, offer a novel way to manipulate airflow with plasma actuators. These generators create swirling motions through plasma discharges that can be used in various technical applications, such as automotive, marine, and aviation, to modify boundary layers, reduce drag, and improve lift characteristics. This study offers an overview of recent work, focusing on the theoretical underpinnings, experimental validations, and practical applications of plasma‐based flow‐control technologies. Advances in plasma‐generating techniques, computational modeling approaches, and experimental configurations to optimize and comprehend the intricate fluid–structure interactions are covered in the debate. Moreover, the study delves into incorporating plasma‐based flow management into cars, renewable energy systems, and next‐generation aerospace designs, highlighting the possibility of increased agility, decreased emissions, and efficiency. It also discusses the difficulties and potential paths for developing these technologies further for use in business and industry, highlighting the necessity of dependable, scalable, and durable solutions. Finally, this study summarizes the most recent advancements in vortex generators and plasma actuators for flow control. It demonstrates how they have the power to revolutionize fluid dynamics and aerodynamics in a variety of engineering fields.

The spatial heterogeneity of urban green space distribution and configuration in Lilongwe City, Malawi.

Urban green spaces provide several benefits related to the quality of urban life. The existence and spatial arrangement of these spaces within neighbourhoods and functional land uses have significant implications for the well-being of urban dwellers. Previous studies on green spaces in urban areas of Malawi have focused on a broader and macro-level perspective, offering insightful information on general trends in different cities. However, there is a significant research shortage in localised understanding, which requires carrying out micro-level assessments concentrating on land use zones and neighbourhoods within these cities. In this study, we used remote sensing data and landscape metrics to understand the distribution and configuration of urban green spaces in the city's neighbourhoods and functional land uses and their relationship with urban form. The study revealed that 20% of neighbourhoods fail to meet the WHO-recommended standard of 9 m2 of green space per person, with a predominant concentration of these undersupplied areas in high-density and quasi-residential zones. In addition, 56.2% of Lilongwe City's total green area was contained under functional land uses. Particularly, high-rise residential, medium-density residential, low-density residential, quasi-residential, high-rise flat area, commercial class, high-rise commercial, heavy industry, light industry, and government land use zones contained 17.3%, 12.0%, 22.2%, 12.0%, 4.1%, 6.4%, 6.1%, 5.0%, 1.6%, and 13.3% of the total green spaces in functional land uses, respectively. Importantly, this research found significant correlations between urban form metrics, namely building coverage, building density, building perimeter area ratio, road density, and the distribution and configuration of urban green spaces. This necessitates an integrated approach to urban planning and design, emphasising the importance of balancing development with green space preservation.

РАЗРАБОТКА ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ МОЛОЧНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ СО СПЕЦИЯМИ

The use of dairy products with herbs and spices is an innovative solution in the field of food technology, opening up new opportunities for the development of unique healthy food products, attracting the attention of consumers around the world. The purpose of research is to develop a technology for functional dairy drinks with antioxidant properties based on biologically active substances of plant raw materials, aimed at improving the health and longevity of people for the purpose of potential use in the food industry. The inclusion of turmeric and ginger in the composition of dairy drinks determines a wide range of unique properties, enhancing the biological value, functionality of dairy drinks and expanding the range of products for various groups of the population. The chemical composition of plant ingredients contains a number of active groups of flavonoids and polyphenols with strong antioxidant properties that affect the human body by neutralizing free radicals, enhancing the human immune system and ensuring longevity. The object of the study was milk drinks enriched with biologically active substances of raw materials of plant origin. To achieve the objectives, experimental studies were conducted to develop a recipe for fresh milk drinks with spices and herbs. Based on the results of the examination of experimental samples for physicochemical and organoleptic indicators, the best samples with high quality ratings were established. Recipes for 8 types of functional milk drinks with spices Zdorov'e were developed with a justification for the dose of plant ingredients, the stage of their introduction, technological modes of milk pasteurization and features of the preparation of spices for introduction into the milk base were worked out. The data on the shelf life of the new line of fresh milk drinks were obtained. The recommended shelf life is 14 days at a storage temperature of 2 ±1 °C. The new technology does not require specialized equipment, the duration of the technological process is similar to classical technologies.

An intensive exploration of plasticization, tensile, flexural and ecotoxicity of styrene-grafted thermoplastic starch (TPS) composite material

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is a potential alternative to non-biodegradable plastics. Nevertheless, nice hydrophilicity, poor mechanical property and processability restrain use. Herein, pure corn starch was modified by styrene grafting, then, plasticized by glycerol to prepare TPS composite material. Later, plasticizing behavior, thermal-stability, mechanical property, ecotoxicity, etc. were explored. Main results reveal that styrene was successfully grafted to starch achieving a grafting yield (GY) as 45.58 wt% and grafting converted starch crystalline shape transformation from A to V. Glycerol plasticization furtherly altered crystalline structure and surface wettability. To native species, plasticization induced amorphization; to grafted species, it induced crystalline perfection. Compared to native species grafted starch displayed easier plasticization characteristic and better processability, elevated hydrophobicity and mechanical property. Herein, a glycerol content as 20 wt% is proper. From native to grafted TPS composite material tensile, flexural strengths and modulus were elevated from 8.9, 20.9 and 777–24.2, 56.5 and 1924 MPa. A more important issue is that styrene grafted TPS composite material composting products displayed no-visible ecotoxicity. Where, wheat and mung seeds germination rates and plant fresh and dry masses in systems containing 10 wt% previous TPS composting products are all higher than 90 % those of blank compositing systems, which is in line with EN 13432–2000 standard, non-toxic to environment. It seems via some level styrene grafting possessing nice mechanical property and non-visible ecotoxicity starch material can be prepared, possibly having a potential use in plastic industry in real, which is of great significance and attractive.

Effects of different postharvest drying processes on flavonoid content and enzymatic activity of Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott flowers for industrial and medicinal use

Traditionally, fresh S. japonicum flowers (SJF) and S. japonicum flowers buds (SJFB) are dried prior to further processing and use. Here, we investigated the ways in which drying techniques, including sun drying (SD), steam drying (STD), microwave drying (MD), hot air drying (HAD, 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C), and freeze drying (FD), alter the flavonoid composition of freshly-harvested SJF and SJFB. The flavonoid content of dried samples was determined by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (UPLC-DAD). Overall, different drying techniques had significantly different effects on the RU content, ranging from 10.63 % (HAD-80 °C) to 34.13 % (HAD-100 °C) in SJF and from 18.91 % (HAD-100 °C) to 29.16 % (HAD-40 °C) and 30.53 % (SD) in SJFB. To clarify the mechanism by which drying affects the RU content of S. japonicum flowers, we studied the activity of a rutin-hydrolyzing enzyme (RHE) isolated from SJF and SJFB using multiple separation and assay methods. According to the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results, the apparent molecular weight of the purified RHE was approximately 38 kDa. According to UPLC-DAD, RHE catalyzes the production of quercetin (QU) from rutin (RU), but not from other flavonoid glycosides. Drying fresh SJF and SJFB at low and high temperatures can inhibit RHE activity and prevent RU hydrolysis. Therefore, subjecting freshly-harvest SJF to HAD-100 °C, and freshly-harvest SJFB to SD or HAD-40 °C, can greatly increase the RU content. In particular, HAD is viable for large-scale application due to its simplicity and industrial feasibility.

Draft genome sequences of two Gluconobacter strains isolated from spoiled orange juice.

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of two Gluconobacter strains that were isolated from spoiled orange juice. Gluconobacter are members of the acetic acid bacteria and are known for their unique metabolism and use in industry. Understanding acetic acid bacteria diversity is essential for engineering further optimized industrial strains.

Complete list of canonical post-transcriptional modifications in the Bacillus subtilis ribosome and their link to RbgA driven large subunit assembly.

Ribosomal RNA modifications in prokaryotes have been sporadically studied, but there is a lack of a comprehensive picture of modification sites across bacterial phylogeny. Bacillus subtilis is a preeminent model organism for gram-positive bacteria, with a well-annotated and editable genome, convenient for fundamental studies and industrial use. Yet remarkably, there has been no complete characterization of its rRNA modification inventory. By expanding modern MS tools for the discovery of RNA modifications, we found a total of 25 modification sites in 16S and 23S rRNA of B. subtilis, including the chemical identity of the modified nucleosides and their precise sequence location. Furthermore, by perturbing large subunit biogenesis using depletion of an essential factor RbgA and measuring the completion of 23S modifications in the accumulated intermediate, we provide a first look at the order of modification steps during the late stages of assembly in B. subtilis. While our work expands the knowledge of bacterial rRNA modification patterns, adding B. subtilis to the list of fully annotated species after Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus, in a broader context, it provides the experimental framework for discovery and functional profiling of rRNA modifications to ultimately elucidate their role in ribosome biogenesis and translation.

Experience and Enlightenment of Russian Water Right System

This article provides a comprehensive overview of Russia's water resources, their development and utilization status, as well as the water rights system and related laws and regulations. It begins by detailing the abundant rivers, lakes, and groundwater resources in Russia. The analysis highlights that Russia has a high proportion of industrial water use, advanced water recycling technology, and significant water storage capacity in numerous reservoirs. The article also delves into the main contents of the Russian Federation Water Law, covering ownership and usage rights of water resources, and the legal responsibilities for water protection and management. Finally, it summarizes the experiences and insights from Russia's water rights system, emphasizing the importance of integrated basin management, clear water rights ownership, and the establishment of a comprehensive legal framework.

Thermal and heat-sealing properties of polyvinyl alcohol/cellulose nanocrystals-based nanocomposites for food packaging

Food packaging materials require advanced properties (UV barrier and antioxidant/antimicrobial) to extend the shelf-life of packaged products. Recently, we have developed biodegradable nanocomposites by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and active agents (titanium dioxide nanoparticles and apple peel extract) into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). These nanocomposites exhibited advanced properties and many demonstrable advantages in food packaging. Herein, the thermal stability, melting behaviors, and heat-sealing properties of these nanocomposites are investigated to demonstrate their potential production at the industrial level and practical use. The results showed that the PVA/CNC-based nanocomposites exhibited thermoplastic properties and had sufficient heat-sealability. The PVA/CNC-based nanocomposites presented lower melting temperatures (217.7–224 °C) than pure PVA (226 °C). Furthermore, their seal strengths (15.1–1238.1 N/m) are similar to those of petroleum-based food packaging polymers (polypropylene: 300–1100 N/m, low-density polyethylene: 677.7 N/m) and can be controlled by adjusting the sealing temperature, which is useful for various food packaging applications.

Magnetocaloric Refrigeration in the Context of Sustainability: A Review of Thermodynamic Bases, the State of the Art, and Future Prospects

At present, one of the main challenges that industry faces is its impact on global warming, linked to the greenhouse effect and ozone hole problems. These two environmental issues have not yet been solved completely and, concerning the industrial cold sector, countries are making various decisions on refrigerants. Magnetic refrigeration potentially represents a less impactful refrigeration technology. In this review, the physical basis of magnetic refrigeration is analysed, in order to propose this technology for industrial use.

Zirconia based hydrophobic coatings exhibiting excellent durability for versatile use

Understanding how to manage the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of a surface has been the focus of a lot of research in recent years. The surface's energy often controls its hydrophobic state. There are numerous techniques to realize a change in the surface energy. Smart nano-based materials are being used to create super hydrophobic coatings that will serve as layers of defence against mechanical abrasion, corrosion, and fouling agents on the surface of metallic components. These coatings, which have recently gained popularity, have shown to be excellent choices for protecting steel pipelines. The recently created super hydrophobic coatings for glass surfaces, papers, cotton, steel pipes, etc., are examined in-depth and critically in this review study, emphasizing their use in different industries. It explains how to create super hydrophobic coatings on glass substrates using various techniques and the most recent research results on various coating production techniques. An in-depth discussion is also given to the recent applications of these created super hydrophobic coatings for treatments, including anti-bio fouling, dicing, and corrosion prevention over the past five years. According to the literature, spraying is the most adaptable and popular technique for creating super hydrophobic coatings for any substrate.

Functionalised carbon nanotube thin film nanocomposite membranes: A comparison study on the role of backbone monomers and hydraulic pressure on membrane's performance and fouling

Thin film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes have attracted considerable attention for industrial applications in recent years. Among recent nanomaterials used in the fabrication of TFN membranes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained significant interest due to their unique structure (e.g., tubular shape, mechanical strength, porosity, etc.). Here, the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different functional groups as one of the well proven nanchannel structures and their interaction with two typical monomers, MPD and PIP, were thoroughly investigated. All fabricated membranes were analysed using SEM, FTIR, AFM and contact angle analyzer. Pressure variation significantly affected the performance of membranes over 24 hours of testing. The membranes incorporated with polypyrrole (PPy) modified MWCNTs showed promising results with nearly 37 % and 99 % water flux improvement for the TFN-RO and NF membranes, respectively, compared to the bare (unmodified) TFC RO/NF membranes. Specifically, the water flux of the RO OX-MWCNTs-PPy membrane increased from 18.9 to 25.5 L.m−2.h−1, while the NF OX-MWCNTs-PPy membrane's water flux rose from 45.2 to 90.1 L.m−2.h−1. The salt rejection of RO and NF remained relatively high, with over 90 % salt rejection against NaCl and Na2SO4 for RO and NF membranes. The NF OX-MWCNTs-PPy membrane exhibited a 98.2 % rejection rate for Na2SO4, and the RO OX-MWCNTs-PPy membrane showed around a 98.8 % rejection rate for NaCl. The TFN membranes showed less fouling tendency compared to the TFC membranes. In general, the integration of MWCNTs with various functional groups significantly enhanced the water flux and salt rejection properties of these membranes. Specifically, the modified membranes showed considerable improvements in water flux and maintained high salt rejection rates. Additionally, the interaction between MWCNTs and PIP monomers in TFN-NF membranes exhibited a stronger affinity compared to MPD monomers in TFN-RO membranes, indicating a more promising performance for NF applications. The findings suggest that TFN-NF membranes incorporating MWCNTs hold great promise for future industrial use, offering enhanced performance and reduced fouling rates.

+Improving the corrosion protection properties of epoxy resin coating by using HKUST-1-BTA@e-Mica two-dimensional nanocomposites

In order to enhance the performance of epoxy coatings to cope with more severe working environments, we develop a convenient energy-saving and fast method to develop an eco-friendly pH-responsive smart coating with long-term corrosion protection. In this paper, HKUST-1 crystals were rapidly synthesised on mica nanosheets (e-Mica) using hydroxyl complex salt (HDS) as an intermediate at room temperature and loaded with the corrosion inhibitor BTA to obtain the composite material HBeM. The use of e-Mica in coatings offers numerous benefits, including extended resistance to corrosive media and the ability to adjust mechanical properties. It is important to note, however, that e-Mica is less compatible with epoxy resin. HKUST-1 can not only be used as a pH-responsive nanocontainer to load a large amount of corrosion inhibitor, but also to regulate the compatibility between mica nanosheets and epoxy resin with a large number of functional groups on HKUST-1. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that HKUST-1-BTA@e-Mica (HBeM) composite enables the coating to provide long-term corrosion protection. The low frequency impedance of the HBeM/EP composite coating, |Z|f=0.01 Hz, was improved by almost three orders of magnitude and remained higher than that of the pure epoxy coating after 30 days of immersion, and the addition of fillers enhances the mechanical properties of the coating. In conclusion, this paper provides a simple, energy-efficient and rapid method for the preparation of smart corrosion-resistant coatings, which has great potential for industrial use.

Analysis of fluorescence changes in different sections of green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) over storage periods

To prevent food losses, particularly those associated with financial losses, researchers are still working to determine the index for monitoring the freshness of green peppers during storage. This research aimed to examine the feasibility of using fluorescence spectroscopy to determine the freshness index. It was established the time series fluorescence properties were from various parts of green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) during storage. For each evaluation, three measurements of the Emission and Excitation Matrix (EEM) fluorescence were carried out through the period of 16 days of storage at 4ºC. No difference was observed in color and chlorophyll content throughout the storage of green pepper. However, firmness was the destructive analyses more sustainable to determine freshness compared to the others, observing changes as of day 12 after harvest. The fluorescence emission peak at 450 nm on the excitation of 360 nm was observed to be potential as the freshness index showing the correlation with texture parameter showing R2 = 0.82. Therefore, this is a novel technique that should be further studied to optimize its use in the food industry to monitor fruits and vegetables during their preservation and to prevent food losses.

From traditional to industrial use of insects as feed: a review

Abstract Insects are part of the natural diet of fish and poultry species and to a lesser extent of pigs, dogs and cats. In traditional farming, poultry gather their food in a free roaming manner, and insects are part of the diet. Similarly, a large fraction of the diet of freshwater fish consists of aquatic insects. These features are exploited by farmers all over the world, as feed costs are high. For example, farmers lure termites to baskets filled with organic matter, and the insects are then fed to chickens. They also employ light sources above fishponds to attract insects for their fish. More sophisticated methods are, for example, attracting naturally occurring houseflies to containers filled with organic waste, e.g. manure. The captured maggots or pupae are then fed to poultry. We discuss the following insect groups as feeds for poultry, pigs, fish, dogs and cats: bees, caterpillars, cockroaches, flies, grasshoppers and termites. Feed for poultry can also consist of insect pests, which are then controlled at the same time, for example ducks to control rice pests. Moreover, leftovers from the silk industry can be used to feed chickens, pigs and fish. Insects are also commonly used as bait for fishing. The interest in a more industrial production of insects such as the black soldier fly and housefly as animal feed started in the 1970s. In the last 15 years, large-scale rearing of insects for animal feed has taken off, with the industry receiving more than 1.5 billion dollars in investment. The market is expanding, the legislation is becoming more conducive, while academic interest is increasing exponentially. The environmental, nutritional and functional benefits of insects as feed are becoming more and more recognized. Insects are poised to play an increasingly prominent role in shaping the future of animal feed production.

Use of supercritical CO2 to improve the quality of lupin protein isolate

Lupins are an excellent source of protein which can be used to obtain protein isolates with potential use in the food industry. Some studies use supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) to defat legume flours, but no study analyzes the effect of applying this technology directly to the protein isolate. This article has proposed the use of SC-CO2 to improve lupin protein isolate (LPI) quality. SC-CO2 increased the LPI purity while reducing oil and other antitechnological factors (saponins and polyphenols). The treatment significantly improved the LPI color due to the elimination of the lipid fraction and lipophilic pigments (carotenoids). No changes in amino acid contents or chemical score were observed due to the SC-CO2. Finally, the treatment improved or did not affect the main LPI technofunctional properties. Therefore, SC-CO2 is a promising technique to enhance the quality of protein isolates, without affecting or improving their functional properties.

Compound Castings for the Coke Industry.

In this paper, issues related to the technology of compound castings composed of two parts, i.e., the working layer and the supporting part, made of X46Cr13 high-chromium steel and EN-GJL-HB 255 grey cast iron, respectively, in a liquid-solid system by pre-installing a monolithic insert in the mould cavity are presented. As a part of the research, the mechanism of formation of transitional zones in the bonding area of the above-mentioned two alloys was identified and described. It was shown that the phenomenon that determines the formation of a permanent bond between the joined materials is the transport of C and heat from the "high-carbon and hot" material of the supporting part poured into the mould in the form of liquid cast iron to the "low-carbon and cold" material of the working layer placed in the form of a steel monolithic insert inside the mould cavity. In the paper, the suitability of the compound castings technology developed for use in the coke industry is also presented. Full-size high-chromium steel-grey cast iron compound casting plates designed for the coke quenching car lining were positively verified in real coke plant operating conditions.

The 50-year spatial transition of suburban industrial parks and impacts on sustainable urbanization in the Tokyo metropolitan area

Suburban Industrial Parks (SIP) promote orderly industrial land agglomeration, contributing to sustainable land use transition. Previous studies mostly focused on socio-economic effectiveness and environmental strategies, while the multiscale spatial transition of SIPs and their roles in sustainable urbanization were not thoroughly examined. This study analyzes the temporal pattern of spatial features (TPSF) of SIPs in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area (TMA) using an original suburban industrial community (SIC) model that integrates SIP with its neighborhood. We investigated 110 SIPs established since 1959 across three investigation periods. The results reveal: 1) SIPs influence industrial land use in their neighborhood areas, mostly ranging from 500 to 2500 m. 2) SIPs’ effects on industrial land agglomerations vary over time, demonstrating three development phases: the first phase exhibits the strongest intensity of agglomeration; the second phase falls to the weak; and the third phase recovers a strong agglomeration. 3) Multiscale industrial agglomeration patterns show that 56 % of SIPs in the TMA contribute to orderly spatial transitions; 4) Main road networks facilitate industrial agglomeration. This study proposes the importance of adaptive land use management strategies for SIPs by development phases, and the SIC model could be an applicable tool for land use planning in metropolitan suburbs.