Use In Everyday Life Research Articles

PERLINDUNGAN DATA PRIBADI DALAM PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI PEDULILINDUNGI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19

Several countries in the world including Indonesia are experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic. A series of efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 were carried out. One such effort is the launch of the Pedulilindungi application which serves to track every possible transmission that exists. The basis of the launch of the application is the Decree of the Minister of Communication and Informatics Number 171 of 2020 concerning the Determination of Application for Care and Protection in the Framework of The Implementation of Health Surveillance for the Handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this study is to find out the security risks of Pedulilindungi applications and how the ITE Law accommodates the security of personal data from the use of applications. The research method used is a normative research method. The results showed that the use of the Pedulilindungi application has the potential to cause a breach of personal data security stipulated in the ITE Law. Access to data stored in the user's mobile device data is not clearly notified to the user during use in everyday life. In addition, this application also does not mention who can access and process the data in question. The vagueness of the rules will arise when the pandemic ends, whether personal data will automatically be deleted or not, considering that the function of this application is only intended when facing the COVID-19 pandemic. 
 Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, protection of personal data, Pedulilindungi

ETHNOMATHEMATICS: MATHEMATICAL MEANINGS AND CONCEPTS CONTAINED IN BANTEN BATIK PATTERNS

Ethnomathematics utilizes numerical ideas in a culture that individuals in everyday life use. Indonesia is a country rich in ethnic and social practices. Batik Banten is one of the Indonesian nation's colonial heritage, which originates from Banten. Batik Banten has 75 typical Banten decorations applied to 54 batik patterns. This research was conducted to determine the meaning of Banten batik patterns or motifs and understand the numerical ideas in Banten batiks motifs. This research includes personal exploration with ethnographic methodology because what is being researched is about culture. The results showed that the Banten batik motifs, in addition to having a philosophical meaning in each pattern/motif, the motifs in Banten batik also contain numerical ideas or mathematical concepts such as geometric transformations, spatial structures, and so on

Human-computer interaction for augmentative communication using a visual feedback system

Brain-computer interface (BCI) has been considered a positive opportunity for schooling, cognitive learning, and remote contact in medical (e.g., neuronal reintegration).One of the most common uses of a computer is creating a brain-computer interface (BCI). This device can read brain activity signals, analyze them, and send out commands to an output device for execution. A BCI could be controlled by any type of brain signal for the most part. Due to the complexity of a head unit, classification precision is lower, costs are higher, and the work is more complicated. BCI is often challenging to use in everyday life. In this research, a Hybrid BCI using a visual feedback system (HBCI-VFS) proposed a control scheme of two brain impulses that take on electrodes and basic activities, requiring the participant to concentrate on stimulation and eye gaze. The stimulation is used to pick instructions by visually producing a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). The SSVEP control is calibrated by the single eye gaze (collection confirmation) and both eye gaze (i.e., negation and recollection). The neural network architectures are used to extract and analyze functionality in Fourier transformation and confusion for a short time. The findings show that the proposed device can give 38 instructions with a 3 s window period and 98.92% precision via a single bipolar electroencephalogram (EEG) channel.This study introduces a new BCI model based on SSVEP and eye gaze indications for the Smart home application, which could be helpful for Augmentative Communication. The technique presented in this study can support the other BCI-managed applications with high precision, multiple instructions, and fast response.

Trust and Media Use in Everyday Life in Japan

Abstract In trust research, the relation between personal use of media, such as television viewing and Internet use, and trust has been extensively discussed. The association of heavy television viewing and Internet use with mistrust remains a source of heated debate. Putnam stated that, “America’s social capital was in a state of long-term decline, and the main culprit in its demise was the rise of television.” He also pointed out that another principal villain in the decline might be the Internet. While some studies indicate that Internet use may enhance large social networks and contribute to higher levels of generalized trust, others suggest the contrary. This study aims to contribute to this debate. Eight research questions were identified, studied, and reported on. The data were collected based on nationwide general social surveys on attitudes. Results, using multiple correspondence analysis, show clear differences in the media use of trusting and mistrusting persons.

Digital exclusion of elderly citizens: Polish experiences based on the project Adult Social Inclusion in a Digital Environment (ASIDE)

The dynamic development of digital technologies and their widespread use in everyday life, especially by younger generations, forces urgent initiatives to counter the digital exclusion of older people. Adult Social Inclusion in and the Digital Environment (ASIDE) has offered activities to support inclusive education and digital skills, raising competences for digital social inclusion of adult social educators and adult social volunteers. The aim of the article is to present the experiences of the ASIDE project in the field of digital inclusion of seniors. Research methods typical of this type of study were used: critical analysis of the literature on the subject, analysis of project documents, analysis of published secondary data.

Perbandingan Kualitas Air Sungai Musi pada Tiga Tata Guna Lahan

Research of water quality on Musi river was conducted from April to November 2020, aims to compare the quality of the Musi river water as parameters of chemical, physical and biological in different types of land use. This study used a survey method by determining the sampling of test materials and measuring the water  quality  which carried out by purposive sampling  adjusted to land use. The sampling point for domesticl areas is in the area of Kelurahan 1 Ulu (station 1). The sampling point as  sands mining area is in the area of Tangga Takat Village (station 2). The third land use is in Kelurahan 13 Ulu (station 3). Data analysis in the laboratory includes chemical parameters (DO, COD and BOD), physical (TDS, brightness) and biological based on the content of Escherichia coli bacteria. The results showed that the chemical quality of water in the housing and fish catchment areas generally met class II water quality standards, but did not meet the water quality standards for sand mining areas. Physically, the water quality in the three areas still meets the water quality standards, although the TDS content, temperature range, brightness is not good in the sand mining area. Based on biological parameters, all areas are classified as polluted with E. coli content that is more than 100 individu/ 100 ml of water, so it is not suitable for consumption and requires special handling for use in everyday life.

Exploring preschoolers′ conceptions about the viscosity of honey

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Fluids′ viscous behavior is apparent in many everyday life situations, for example, in squeezing shampoo from a bottle or spooning honey from a jar. As a result, it is quite reasonable to assume that students develop (pre)conceptions to explain such phenomena even before they enter kindergarten or elementary school. As yet, however, empirical studies on children′s conceptions regarding the viscous behavior of fluids are remarkably scarce. The present study aims to address this research gap on an exploratory level. More precisely, we conducted a qualitative interview study in which we explored the conceptions about the viscous behavior of honey among N = 6 preschool children attending their final year in a kindergarten in Hamburg (Germany). For stimulating the conversation during the interviews, an easily noticeable phenomenon in which the viscous behavior of honey can be observed (dropping two identical spoons into a honey-filled and a water-filled glass) was demonstrated to the participating children. In summary, the analysis of the transcribed interviews revealed three distinguishable conceptions of the children about the viscous behavior of honey: (1) The viscous behavior of honey results from its stickiness, (2) from its additional physical characteristics, and (3) from its use in everyday life. In this Express Letter, we present the design and results of our study in detail. Recommendations for future research in science education are outlined at the end of this paper.</p>

Language situation and status of languages in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

The article substantiates the socio-economic and cultural-historical introduction of the Ossetians to the Russian language, which is considered as the result of the natural development of the standard of living of the highlanders. The aim of the study is to consider the history and characteristics of national-Russian bilingualism, the role of language interaction in the formation of a bilingual personality, society, identification of deformed linguistic processes that led to both the loss of the function of language proficiency and its use in everyday life, as well as measures that contribute to the revival of native language. The article emphasizes that the Russian language has become a civilizing factor that has significantly accelerated the development of the spiritual culture of the mountaineers, that it, along with the Ossetian language, is recognized as the state language of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania as a language of interethnic communication, it is provided with free functioning throughout the republic. The work also focuses on the ethno-demographic composition of the population, emphasizes the polyethnicity of the region, which contributes to the strengthening of the role of the Russian language as a language of interethnic communication. During the 20th century, a sharp delimitation of the functions of the Russian and native languages leads to a weakening of the role of the national language, which exposes it to the threat of extinction. Loss of language entails a loss of self-awareness, culture, perception of the world, as well as the loss of self-identification. According to the authors, the republic itself needs to be concerned about the widespread use and all-round development of the native language in national government bodies, public organizations of science, culture, education, health care and the service sector. We need to work with those native speakers who do not consider it prestigious to communicate in their native language in the family, do not try to pass it on to the next generation: the lack of linguistic continuity is destructive. To preserve the language in the context of globalization, the authors propose to strengthen the role of the state and society, to consolidate the efforts of scientists, statesmen and public figures in order to influence the activities of the media to preserve the language and culture; direct their efforts towards harmonious bilingualism.

Teaching ESL in a Multilingual Context: a Case Study of Cameroonian Students at High School Level

The merits of cultural and linguistic diversity are often praised across the world. This setting is
 very present in Africa in general and in Cameroon in particular, a country with 285 local
 languages two official languages, English and French, and several lingua francas that are
 experiencing a rapid rise. While the governmental and scientific effort in setting up what we call
 a triangular language education system (mother tongue + L2 + L3) is to be commended, it is
 worth looking at their distribution and use in everyday life to see whether they benefit academics,
 and whether the results are in line with the expectations of policy makers. This research looks at the health of the teaching of English as a second language in Cameroon's multilingual education
 system and tries to identify factors that may constrain its implementation. The questionnaire
 administered to 53 ESL teachers from a variety of backgrounds allowed us to conclude that
 learning ESL in Cameroon is easier when one has some mastery of one's L1 (local language).
 The absence of a single national language is a hindrance to linguistic development in schools, but
 if standardized, the CPE could be a solution.

IMPOSITIVE SPEAKING ACTIONS IN THE COLLECTION OF TUNAS KARYA EKO TUNAS SHORT STORIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR LEARNING INDONESIAN LANGUAGE IN SMA (A PRAGMATIC STUDY)

AbstractIt is known that language is an interaction tool that plays an important role in life to convey certain goals and objectives. One needs to understand the basic principles of language and understand the ethics of language politeness in order to avoid conflicts in social life. Language is a differentiator between individuals. Talking about the relationship between language and pragmatics which is a principle in language, namely two branches of linguistics that complement each other in use in everyday life. In everyday life, a person communicates with a speech partner, without realizing it contains a speech act. The purpose of this study is to describe the types of speech acts in the collection of short stories by Eko Tunas and to find out the implications of directive speech acts in the collection of short stories by Eko Tunas for learning Indonesian in high school. This research is descriptive qualitative and uses a qualitative approach. This research procedure consists of 3 stages, namely the pre-research stage, the implementation stage, and the completion stage. The data source is the book collection of short stories Tunas by Eko Tunas. Techniques for providing data are basic reading techniques and advanced note-taking techniques. Presentation of data using informal methods. It can be concluded that there are 30 data in 21 types of short stories consisting of directive speech acts requestives (1 data), directive speech act probobitives (0/none), directive speech act question (23 data), directive speech act requirements (2 data), directive speech acts advisories (4 data), directive speech acts permissive (0/none). This research can be implicated in Indonesian language learning in SMA class XI at KD 3.9 and 4.9 which relates to material about analyzing the building blocks of short stories in a collection of short stories and constructing a short story by paying attention to the elements of building short stories.

ETHNOCULTURAL AND LANGUAGE POLICY IN CHUVASHIA: EXPERT OPINION

The article analyzes the opinion of the expert community on a number of problems concerning the ethnocultural development and language policy in Chuvashia. The survey was conducted in 15 regions of the country using the tools developed at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology under the Russian Academy of Sciences. In autumn 2020, 30 experts expressed their opinion, they represented equally the sphere of state and municipal administration, science, higher education, the media, as well as national cultural associations and other public organizations. Much attention of the experts was directed to the ways and methods of implementing the amendments to the Constitution of Russia in Chuvashia adopted in 2020, including by expanding the opportunities of regional legislation in the field of ethno-cultural development. Different points of view are expressed on such subjects as the legislative strengthening of the Chuvash language in the public space, the decision to switch to voluntary study of native languages in educational institutions, the possibility of state and public support for native languages of various peoples, etc. The attitude to such innovations was determined during the All-Russian Population Census as the ability of citizens to name themselves as representatives of more than one nationality and to name not one native language but more, to determine the extent of using other languages in everyday life other than Russian. The opinion of experts on the place and role of national cultural associations in the work on the ethno-cultural direction was studied. On a number of issues, experts expressed an integrated opinion, including supporting the cultural needs of the old-time and newly arriving population, on the need to consider native languages as belonging to traditional family values, on the possibility of identifying the level of language use in everyday life during the population census, etc. At the same time, quite opposite opinions were expressed on a number of issues. For example, this is in reference to the possibility to consider oneself a person belonging not to one, but, for example, to two ethnic identities during the population census, about the activity of national and cultural associations when discussing the amendments to the Constitution of Russia, etc.

Reverse Engineering Language Acquisition with Child-Centered Long-Form Recordings

Language use in everyday life can be studied using lightweight, wearable recorders that collect long-form recordings—that is, audio (including speech) over whole days. The hardware and software underlying this technique are increasingly accessible and inexpensive, and these data are revolutionizing the language acquisition field. We first place this technique into the broader context of the current ways of studying both the input being received by children and children's own language production, laying out the main advantages and drawbacks of long-form recordings. We then go on to argue that a unique advantage of long-form recordings is that they can fuel realistic models of early language acquisition that use speech to represent children's input and/or to establish production benchmarks. To enable the field to make the most of this unique empirical and conceptual contribution, we outline what this reverse engineering approach from long-form recordings entails, why it is useful, and how to evaluate success.

Acceptability of constraint induced movement therapy: influence of perceived difficulty and expected treatment outcome

ABSTRACT Background Constraint-Induced Movement (CI) Therapy has evidence of efficaciously rehabilitating upper-extremity hemiparesis after stroke. Yet, it is not widely used in the United States. One barrier appears to be the perception of its difficulty among stroke care consumers, as reported by two published studies in which the participants had little or no apparent direct exposure to CI Therapy. Objectives Assess the perception of difficulty of CI Therapy by individuals with chronic stroke who have actually undergone CI Therapy. Methods A secondary analysis was conducted of data from two randomized controlled trials of CI Therapy. Participants had chronic, mild-to-moderate upper-extremity hemiparesis after stroke. The Motor Activity Log and Wolf Motor Function Test were used to measure motor function of the more-affected arm. A Patient Opinion Survey assessed participants’ perception of difficulty and satisfaction with treatment. Results The participants (N = 40) showed large improvements in motor function of their more-affected arm after treatment, p’s <001. CI Therapy was perceived to be of only moderate difficulty by participants before treatment (mean = 4.4 out of 7). Perception of its difficulty decreased afterward (mean = 3.7, p = .002). Moreover, participants were highly satisfied with their outcomes (mean = 6.3 out of 7). Satisfaction was positively related to the improvements in more-affected arm use in everyday life, R2 = .3, p < .001. Conclusions Chronic stroke survivors who have actually had CI Therapy perceive it to be of only moderate difficulty and are highly satisfied. Negative views about its acceptability warrant reconsideration.

Feasibility and Effectiveness of Assessing Subhealth Using a Mobile Health Management App (MibyeongBogam) in Early Middle-Aged Koreans: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundMobile health (mHealth) is a major source of health management systems. Moreover, the demand for mHealth, which is in need of change due to the COVID-19 pandemic, is increasing worldwide. Accordingly, interest in health care in everyday life and the importance of mHealth are growing.ObjectiveWe developed the MibyeongBogam (MBBG) app that evaluates the user’s subhealth status via a smartphone and provides a health management method based on that user’s subhealth status for use in everyday life. Subhealth is defined as a state in which the capacity to recover to a healthy state is diminished, but without the presence of clinical disease. The objective of this study was to compare the awareness and status of subhealth after the use of the MBBG app between intervention and control groups, and to evaluate the app’s practicality.MethodsThis study was a prospective, open-label, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted at two hospitals in Korea with 150 healthy people in their 30s and 40s, at a 1:1 allocation ratio. Participants visited the hospital three times as follows: preintervention, intermediate visit 6 weeks after the intervention, and final visit 12 weeks after the intervention. Key endpoints were measured at the first visit before the intervention and at 12 weeks after the intervention. The primary outcome was the awareness of subhealth, and the secondary outcomes were subhealth status, health-promoting behaviors, and motivation to engage in healthy behaviors.ResultsThe primary outcome, subhealth awareness, tended to slightly increase for both groups after the uncompensated intervention, but there was no significant difference in the score between the two groups (intervention group: mean 23.69, SD 0.25 vs control group: mean 23.1, SD 0.25; P=.09). In the case of secondary outcomes, only some variables of the subhealth status showed significant differences between the two groups after the intervention, and the intervention group showed an improvement in the total scores of subhealth (P=.03), sleep disturbance (P=.02), depression (P=.003), anger (P=.01), and anxiety symptoms (P=.009) compared with the control group.ConclusionsIn this study, the MBBG app showed potential for improving the health, especially with regard to sleep disturbance and depression, of individuals without particular health problems. However, the effects of the app on subhealth awareness and health-promoting behaviors were not clearly evaluated. Therefore, further studies to assess improvements in health after the use of personalized health management programs provided by the MBBG app are needed. The MBBG app may be useful for members of the general public, who are not diagnosed with a disease but are unable to lead an optimal daily life due to discomfort, to seek strategies that can improve their health.Trial RegistrationClinical Research Information Service KCT0003488; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=14379

University Applicants from Refugee Backgrounds and the Intention to Drop Out from Pre‐Study Programs: A Mixed‐Methods Study

The mixed‐methods project WeGe investigates key factors for refugees’ integration into pre‐study programs and conditions for successful transitions to higher education institutions (HEIs). In this article, we first examine the dropout intentions of international students and refugee students participating in formal pre‐study programs at German HEIs to disclose both barriers and resources. We use insights from migration research to extend theoretical student dropout models and analyse novel data from a quantitative survey with international and refugee students in pre‐study programs. Our findings show that refugee students intend to drop out from pre‐study programs more often than other international students. This difference disappears when other characteristics are controlled for. Effect decomposition shows that financial problems and perceived exclusion are driving dropout intentions of refugee students, whereas German language use in everyday life and a strong connection to the prospective field of study function as a resource and reduce the dropout risk. Depending on the reference group, deficits or resources of refugee students become apparent. This result suggests that refugees should be addressed as a student group in their own right. As a second step, we analyse qualitative expert interviews to reconstruct the staff’s perspectives on barriers and resources of refugee students to analyse how the driving factors of dropout intentions are represented in their knowledge. In particular, we show if and how this knowledge is used to address refugees and to develop inclusive educational concepts within pre‐study programs.

Where, When and With Whom: Cannabis Use, Settings and Self-Regulation Rules

This article examines to what extent and how cannabis users in different countries, with different cannabis legislation and policies practice normalization and self-regulation of cannabis use in everyday life. Data were collected in a survey among a convenience sample of 1,225 last-year cannabis users aged 18–40 from seven European countries, with cannabis policies ranging from relatively liberal to more punitive. Participants were recruited in or in the vicinity of Dutch coffeeshops. We assessed whether cannabis users experience and interpret formal control and informal social norms differently across countries with different cannabis policies. The findings suggest that many cannabis users set boundaries to control their use. Irrespective of national cannabis policy, using cannabis in private settings and setting risk avoidance rules were equally predominant in all countries. This illustrates that many cannabis users are concerned with responsible use, demonstrating the importance that they attach to discretion. Overall, self-regulation was highest in the most liberal country (the Netherlands). This indicates that liberalization does not automatically lead to chaotic or otherwise problematic use as critics of the policy have predicted, as the diminishing of formal control (law enforcement) is accompanied by increased importance of informal norms and stronger self-regulation. In understanding risk-management, societal tolerance of cannabis use seems more important than cross-national differences in cannabis policy. The setting of cannabis use and self-regulation rules were strongly associated with frequency of use. Daily users were less selective in choosing settings of use and less strict in self-regulation rules. Further differences in age, gender, and household status underline the relevance of a differentiated, more nuanced understanding of cannabis normalization.

Novel Portable Sensing System with Integrated Multifunctionality for Accurate Detection of Salivary Uric Acid.

Uric acid, as the terminal product of purine metabolism in the body, is an important marker of many diseases. Uric acid is abundant in saliva, offering the possibility of its non-invasive detection. However, it is sensitive to interference in saliva by a variety of factors. A reliable method of processing saliva is centrifugation (CF), but the cost and size of equipment limit its use in everyday life. In this study, a novel portable salivary-sensing system (PSSS) with integrated suction filtration (SF) and temperature insulation was proposed to obtain more accurate salivary uric acid levels through a simple procedure. The PSSS includes a saliva container, a high-sensitive uric acid sensor (UAS), an accompanying printed circuit board (PCB), and a mobile application. The responses produced by the UAS presents excellent linearity (4.6 μA/mM with R2 = 0.9964), selectivity, reproducibility, and stability for the detection of low levels of uric acid. The difference in detection values between the UAS and the commercial sensor is only ~4%. The primary feature of the saliva container is the processing of saliva by SF instead of CF. Samples from CF and SF showed no significant differences regarding uric acid levels, and both exhibited approximately 50% deviation from the untreated samples, while the difference in uric acid levels between the samples after SF and after applying both treatments was ~10%. Besides, insulation of the saliva container can partially eliminate sources of error induced by the environment during uric acid level testing. The PSSS provides a novel strategy for the immediate detection of specific markers in saliva. We believe that the PSSS has promising potential for future application in the rapid saliva testing.

PELATIHAN ANAK YATIM DAN DHUAFA DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENGGUNAAN MICROSOFT WORD DAN MICROSOFT EXCEL DI ASRAMA DOMYADHU CABANG CIPUTAT

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Along with the development of Information Technology, computers and their use in everyday life are used to process data into information. One of the important programs that a computer user must have and control is Microsoft Office. As the name implies, this program can help to do data processing work more easily. In Microsoft Office there are many types of programs that can be used, for example Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. Microsoft Word is a program that is very important in everyday life. This program is a word processing program that includes creating, editing and formatting documents. Meanwhile, Microsoft Excel is a program designed to perform number processing. The Unindra community service team will carry out community service activities at the Domyadhu Foundation in the Ciputat branch by providing training on the use of Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. By conducting this training, it is hoped that it can improve knowledge on the use of Microsofot Word and Microsoft Excel for younger siblings at the Foundation.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Techniques for Reducing Iron (Fe) Content in Groundwater: an Article Review

Iron is a chemical element that is found in almost every place on earth, including in well water or groundwater. Iron can be suspended in water with organic substances or inorganic solids in the form of ferrous cations (Fe2+) and ferries (Fe3+). The presence of iron that exceeds the threshold can cause detrimental effects such as corrosion of the piping, the color of the water turns brown, smells bad, and can cause health problems. The iron content in groundwater can be reduced so that it can be used as water that is fit for consumption or use in everyday life. This study aims to determine several types of techniques used to reduce iron in groundwater or well water through literature studies. Techniques covered include filtration, aeration, adsorption, coagulation, electrocoagulation, and cascade aerators. The results showed that the greatest reduction in efficiency was found in the combination type of adsorption technique and filtration technique by more than 99.1%, then followed by the electrocoagulation technique of 99.74%. From all the techniques studied in this study, it can be concluded that all techniques can reduce iron levels in which the combination of adsorption and filtration techniques is the most effective.Keywords: Technique, reduction, iron content, groundwater

Траектория развития человеческого капитала в условиях цифровизации сельского хозяйства

The fact that the agricultural industry has attracted the attention of organizations engaged in innova- tive developments shows that technology has advanced significantly recent years. Modern technologies help to plan many agricultural operations with a certain accuracy and, if necessary, calculate the possible economic results of the organization. Many specialists in the field of agronomy have access to specialized mobile applications that allow them to identify accurately problematic agricultural areas, and provide instructions for further care and application of the necessary fertilizers. Using digital technologies, as well as high demand of employers in high-tech industries for qualified workers with digital competencies in agricultural production, creates an urgent need to form and update existing competencies among the industry employees. The coming changes require to form completely new knowledge and skills necessary both for the further spread of digital technologies, and for use in everyday life. Therefore, the most important condition to implement measures for introducing and using technological innovations is the state support for the human capital formation, which has a set of both specific and general digital competencies.