Urological Education Research Articles

Interactive multimediality system on personal computer for teaching in urology

The multimediality systems are specifically informatics procedures. These allow the contemporary presentation and the active interaction on the monitor of a personal computer of texts, dias, videomovies, animations. Our study presents an interactive-multimediality system for the training of the urologist in medical school. The object of the development at this moment is the presentation and illustration of the urethrocystoscopic procedure. The graphic interface allows the user the choice of modality, e.g. text, animation, videomovie or dia; the user “clicks” on the icon and the system starts; the modality can be changed at any time to have a better visualization of the problem. The user can choose to read or hear the text. The development of the system will be a complete teaching media for endourologic diagnostic and therapeutic methods. In the future the virtual reality will be very interesting: the student will be able to read, see and verify the pathologies and the therapeutic methods on the computer before real application on the human body.

Present Status of Undergraduate Urological Education in Turkey: Is Standardization Necessary?

23 medical faculties exist in Turkey at the moment and 2 others are being established. Considering that all these faculties run their own programs independently, different education systems might effect the standard of doctors and health care. All of the new graduates in this country face a centralized examination for postgraduate posts in teaching hospitals or start an obligatory service under the authority of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. This necessitates standardization in medical education to provide equal facilities and opportunities to all young doctors. Questionnaires, replied to by the urology departments of medical faculties, reflect a wide range of teaching periods in urology with a broad spectrum of topics. Under these circumstances it is advisory to agree on both the time period and content of a standard urology program, as well as other subjects, for better health care and equal chances in centralized examinations.

Ureteroscopic Injuries to the Upper Urinary Tract

Kaufman reported a severe ureteral injury following ureteroscopy in 1984. His commentary summarizes the important messages in this article well: The intent of this report is not to denegrate the splendid advances in nephroscopy and ureteroscopy, but rather to introduce a sobering message that the patient must be informed of the inherent risk of such procedures and that the urologist must be wary of the problems that might occur. Problems have been known ever since endoscopic instrumentation was first introduced, and every experienced urologist has had his share of problems associated with stone extraction and other endoscopic procedures. Traditional teaching in urology has been to eschew manipulation of stones in the upper two thirds of the ureter because the lumbar ureter is mobile and more easily damaged by instrumentation than the pelvic segment. Endoscopic visualization of stones in the upper ureter allowing accurate grasping of calculi would appear at first to provide an element of security heretofore unachievable, but urologists nonetheless should be mindful of the hazards of any type of stone extraction from the upper ureter. Urologists must be ready and equipped to handle emergencies associated with new instruments and techniques, and the patients must be apprised of the exigencies. "Caveat emptor" (buyer beware) could not be a more apt or timely maxim in our specialty. Ureteroscopy has greatly aided many patients, and a large number of urologists have integrated this procedure into their daily practices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Impact of Laparoscopy on Modern Urologic Practice

The original concept of laparoscopy developed as a branch of cystoscopy. Since the use of the Nitze cystoscope at its inception, laparoscopy has kept pace with the innovations in our cystoscopic inventory. The recently emerging interest of urologists in utility of the laparoscope for a variety of urologic surgery is a welcome renascence of this procedure, which has been used mainly by our gynecologic colleagues, in part because of our own lack of pursuit in its development. Laparoscopy should now become an integral part of our urologic teaching and practice.

The Current Status of Undergraduate Urological Teaching

At the request of the Society of University Urologists a survey of urological teaching at 113 United States medical schools was done. The most distressing finding was that more than two-thirds (68 per cent) of the schools do not require any clinical exposure to urology before graduation. In view of the fact that urology is rarely, if ever, taught in any of the primary care disciplines after graduation, it is suggested that patient care may well suffer for this shortcoming in our medical education curriculum.

Undergraduate urology teaching: results of a pre-examination revision quiz.

A 'revision quiz' using some 20 projected photographic slides and a structured open-ended answer sheet was administered to, and marked for, 75 Final MB candidates and 7 Final FRCS candidates at Bristol. Despite only a modest exposure to specialist urological teaching, the undergraduates were judged to have achieved an acceptable level of performance in most areas except for treatment of urinary infections. The performance of the senior house officers was not better than that of the undergraduates. Nearly all candidates in both groups undermarked their own scripts compared to the marks given by their teachers, thus fuelling, perhaps needlessly, their anxieties about examinations.

Dorsal Lumbotomy for Surgery of the Upper Urinary Tract

Between July 1978 and December 1985, 100 patients underwent an operation on the kidneys and ureter through the dorsal lumbotomy approach. A total of 12 patients underwent dismembered pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Compared to patients who underwent an operation via the standard flank incision, these 12 patients had significantly shorter hospitalization and fewer doses of analgesics. The treatment demonstrated improved cost-effectiveness. Similar advantages were noted in the remaining patients in whom removal of calculi (78), open renal biopsy (5), simple nephrectomy (4) and removal of a foreign body in the ureter (1) were done through the dorsal lumbotomy approach. We appeal for a renaissance of the dorsal lumbotomy approach in urological teaching and practice.

Use of VTR Endoscopy in Urological Education

Use of VTR Endoscopy in Urological Education

A Report on the Present Status of Undergraduate Urologic Teaching in Medical Schools and Some Resulting Recommendations

At the request of the Education Council of the American Urological Association a survey of urologic teaching in America’s medical schools was done. The most startling and distressing finding, based upon the study of 99 medical schools, was that more than half (52 per cent) of the schools do not require any clinical exposure to urology before graduation. Suggestions are offered, based upon the documented importance of urology in the delivery of primary care, for an approach to medical school curriculum committees to mandate the return of urology as a required subject in our schools.

Urologic Education: What Can be Done?

Urologic Education: What Can be Done?

To determine educational objectives for undergraduate urologic teaching: Results of a comprehensive study

A protocol to determine specific educational objectives for undergraduate urology teaching is outlined. Its purpose was to obtain the input of the consumer, namely the practicing physician, regarding what urologic knowledge he needs, what he wishes he knew, and so forth. Twenty-two hundred physicians selected at random from the fields of urology, internal medicine, pediatrics, and general practice were involved in the study, and the resulting 99 objectives that 70 per cent or more of all the physicians responding (regardless of specialty) believed “necessary for every graduating medical student” are presented.

Atmosphere for Graduate Education in Urology

Atmosphere for Graduate Education in Urology

The Role of Research in Urologic Education

The Role of Research in Urologic Education

Concerns in Urologic Education

Concerns in Urologic Education

Panel on Urological Education

Panel on Urological Education

The 1st All-Ukrainian Conference of Urologists

On the first program topic concerning urology in the Soviet health care system were reports by Prof. I. V. Kudintsev on the state and history of development of urological care in the Ukrainian SSR. Prof. Voytashevsky made a report on the state and development of minor urology. Prof. P. M. Fronshtein, like the previous speakers, pointed out the insufficient attention to the teaching of urology in the system of public health care.