Urine Volume Research Articles

Анализ результатов и осложнений после повторной пластики рецидивных стриктур уретры.

Introduction. Over the past 30 years in reconstructive urology there has been a tendency to reduce the frequency of use of minimally invasive methods of surgical treatment of urethral strictures of various localizations and the predominant use of reconstructive plastic interventions with the expansion of the narrowed area of the urethra using inserts from various tissues. Buccal dilation urethroplasty is currently recognized as the optimal treatment option for urethral strictures of various locations and of varying length. Thus, the issue of choosing the most appropriate method of surgical intervention for recurrent urethral strictures, in the context of a possible increase in the risk of complications, requires additional research. Purpose. To analyze and evaluate the results and complications after plastic surgery of recurrent urethral strictures using a free autograft of the buccal mucosa. Materials and methods. The analysis included data on 51 patients operated on at the Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology named after. N.A. Lopatkina–branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the period from 2014 to 2021 regarding recurrent urethral stricture. The average age of the patients was 36.2±1.6 years (from 18 to 58 years). The diagnosis of recurrent urethral stricture was confirmed by anamnesis, clinical and laboratory examination according to a standard protocol, and special examination methods (uroflowmetry, ultrasound examination of the bladder, retrograde or antegrade cystourethrography, voiding urethrography). According to indications, fibrourethrocystoscopy was performed. According to radiological research methods, the localization and extent of urethral stricture were determined. The functional state of the bladder and the severity of bladder outlet obstruction were determined by the volume of residual urine determined by ultrasound of the bladder, as well as by uroflowmetry data. Results. An analysis of the results and complications after plastic surgery of recurrent urethral strictures using a buccal flap was carried out after repeated operations. As the length of the stricture increases, the risk of its recurrence increases significantly. The most significant factors are the location of the stricture in the penile region and its extent. No other long-term complications (newly developed urinary incontinence/erectile dysfunction) were observed in any case in the analyzed group of patients. Conclusion. Repeated operations for recurrent urethral strictures can eliminate urinary disorders with an effectiveness close to (or equal to) that of primary operations. When choosing a method of surgical treatment of recurrent strictures, both the extent of the stricture and its location should be taken into account. The presence of an extended stricture of the penile urethra may be a risk factor for its recurrence. Complications that develop after repeated operations in the vast majority of cases are not life-threatening. The question of the effectiveness of different types of surgery requires additional research with the accumulation of clinical material.

CYSTITIS IN MIX BREED DOG

Cystitis is an inflammation of the vesica urinaria. A male mixed breed dog named Max, 3 years old and weighing 18.68 kg, has stranguria and dysuria with a small volume of urine, and hematuria. The purpose of this report is to discuss the incidence of cystitis in male mixed breed dogs in performing diagnostic measures as well as appropriate treatment and therapy for the dog. Clinical examination showed pulse frequency, heart rate, respiratory, and body temperature within the normal range. Abdominal palpation revealed signs of pain. Routine hematology analysis revealed struvite and tyrosine crystals. Urinalysis showed elevated leucocytes and post-renal proteinuria. Urine culture examination revealed Staphylococcus sp. Ultrasonography examination showed thickening of the vesical urinary mucous. Based on findings, the dog case was diagnosed with cystitis. Treatment included antibiotics amoxicillin, anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone, and additional herbal medicine kejibeling. The case dog showed improvement after seven days of treatment with no symptoms such as haematuria. To minimise the recurrence of cystitis in dogs, Urinary Care feed and ad libitum watering can be done to help dissolve crystals in the vesica urinaria.

The effect of the concurrent use of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) during the perioperative period on the renal function of patients following craniocerebral interventional surgery

Background Craniocerebral interventional surgery is a common and essential treatment for cerebrovascular diseases. Despite continuous progress in interventional diagnosis and treatment technology, there is no effective method to alleviate contrast-induced kidney injuries. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the effect of the concurrent use of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) during the perioperative period on the renal function of patients following craniocerebral interventional surgery. Methods We identified 228 cases of patients underwent craniocerebral interventional surgery from January 2018 to March 2022. Patients who used DEX during general anesthesia were in the DEX group (DEX group) or that did not use dexmedetomidine as the control group (CON group). The markers of kidney injury were recorded before and within 48 h after surgery. Results Compared with CON group, the urea nitrogen (BUN) of the DEX group decreased significantly on the first day and the second day after surgery (p < 0.05). The serum cystatin-C and the blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr) was significantly lower than that in CON group on the second day (p < 0.05). The urine output in the DEX group increased significantly, and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher than the CON group (p < 0.01). There was no difference in postoperative complications, ICU stay time and hospitalization time between the two groups. Conclusion The combined use of dexmedetomidine in general anesthesia for craniocerebral interventional surgery can reduce BUN levels within 48 h after surgery, significantly increase intraoperative urine volume, maintain intraoperative circulation stability.

Abstract 2430: Enhancing urine-based cfDNA detection for prostate cancer diagnosis through increased urine input volume

Abstract Introduction: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from urine has created new opportunities in non-invasive cancer diagnostics, particularly for prostate cancer. Detecting cfDNA in urine can be challenging due to its inherently low concentration. Increasing the input volume of urine addresses this limitation, enhancing the sensitivity of cfDNA detection. This study explores the benefit of collecting larger volumes of urine spiked with a TP53 mutation and the corresponding increase in assay sensitivity for early prostate cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Methods: Pooled urine from healthy donors was collected, preserved, processed, and extracted from 10 mL, 20 mL, 30 mL, 40 mL, and 50 mL inputs (with four replicates each) using the Revolution Max 20 cfDNA Extraction kit. Replicate samples were also extracted using a MagMAX cfDNA Isolation kit from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All samples were spiked with a cfDNA standard containing TP53 R58L mutation. The quantity and quality of extracted cfDNA were determined using the Agilent TapeStation system with the Cell-free DNA ScreenTape assay and qPCR mutation detection assay. Results: The Revolution Max 20 cfDNA kit consistently delivered a higher yield of cfDNA, demonstrating excellent extraction efficiency and quality, as shown by the Agilent Cell-free DNA ScreenTape assay. Notably, the Revolution Max 20 cfDNA kit exhibited a linear increase in yield as the sample volume grew from 10 mL to 50 mL. The MagMax kit did not provide this yield linearity. Furthermore, both methods successfully maintained the integrity of cfDNA fragmentation, which was confirmed through the Agilent Cell-free DNA ScreenTape assay. Conclusion: Compared to the MagMax kit, the Revolution Max 20 cfDNA kit outperforms in extracting cfDNA with high efficiency, as shown by the Agilent Cell-free DNA ScreenTape and the qPCR assay. The Revolution Max 20 cfDNA kit offers the unique advantage of accommodating up to 50 mL of urine in a single extraction. As input volume increases, it consistently produces high cfDNA yields while maintaining quality. In contrast, the MagMax kit is limited to an input volume of only 10 mL, necessitating the cumbersome process of dividing a 50 mL urine sample into five separate extractions and pooling the eluates. This scheme resulted in lower yields. The Agilent Cell-free DNA ScreenTape assay is a valuable tool for quickly and accurately assessing the %cfDNA quality metric. Its minimal sample volume requirement makes it an efficient quality control method for determining cfDNA samples before performing downstream testings. The enhanced capability of the Revolution Max 20 kit to yield more significant quantities of high-quality cfDNA from urine samples can profoundly impact liquid biopsy test sensitivity and the early detection of prostate cancer, potentially revolutionizing the diagnostics process. Citation Format: Nafiseh Jafari, Annika Dorn, Jason Saenz, Lauren Lee, Carlos Hernandez, Andrew Dunnigan, Mayer Saidian. Enhancing urine-based cfDNA detection for prostate cancer diagnosis through increased urine input volume [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2430.

Abstract 2423: Linking liquids: cfDNA in urine and plasma as informative allies in metastasized prostate cancer

Abstract Background: Liquid biopsy has become a cornerstone of non-invasive cancer diagnostics. While the major analyte for detecting and monitoring tumors has been blood, examining other body fluids, such as urine or saliva, is increasingly shifting into focus. Urine is a particularly valuable specimen due to its easy accessibility. Particularly in urologic cancers, the sensitivity of liquid biopsy could be improved by proximal sampling. While there is already evidence that cell-free DNA from urine (ucfDNA) can add to the diagnostic sensitivity in renal and bladder cancer, less is known about ucfDNA in prostate cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence, levels, and potential clinical applications of ucfDNA in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Moreover, we compared the findings with information obtained from plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Methods: Urine was collected and stabilized using the PAXgene Urine Liquid Biopsy Set or STRECK as a preservative. The collection and stabilization using PAXgene Urine Liquid Biopsy Set allows a standardized collection and stabilization of urine with fixed volumes of urine and preservatives. Blood was collected in PAXgene Blood ccfDNA Tubes (PreAnalytiX). Matched blood and urine cfDNA samples from 122 metastatic prostate cancer patients were isolated using the QIAsymphony platform. Tumor fraction and presence of somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) were assessed from shallow whole genome sequencing data using the ichorCNA algorithm. Results: In 22/122 (18%) of patients SCNAs could be detected in both, urine and blood. Although the copy number profile was highly concordant in those patients, tumor fractions varied between plasma and urines on an individual patient level. In addition, in 52/122 (43%) and 48/122 (39%) patients, tumor-derived DNA was detected only in plasma or urine. Considering the entire cohort, neither the absolute cfDNA concentration nor tumor fraction did significantly differ between urine and plasma samples. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that ucfDNA can provide complementary information to blood about prostate tumors, which would be missed by the sole analysis of plasma cfDNA. Taking this into account and adding that urine represents a non-invasive specimen type that can be collected at great ease, ucfDNA holds promise in the clinical management of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Tina Moser, Anna Eberhard, Matthias J. Moser, Lisa Glawitsch, Sabrina Hammer, Georgios Vlachos, Isaac Lazzeri, Leandra Ziegler, Emil Bauernhofer, Nina Monsberger, Jochen B. Geigl, Thomas Bauernhofer, Ellen Heitzer. Linking liquids: cfDNA in urine and plasma as informative allies in metastasized prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2423.

Effect of detrusor underactivity on surgical outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

To evaluate the effect of detrusor underactivity (DUA) on the postoperative outcomes of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients with BPH who underwent HoLEP between January 2018 and December 2022 were enrolled in this prospective database study. Patients were divided into DUA (bladder contractility index [BCI] <100) and non-DUA (BCI ≥100) groups. Objective (maximum urinary flow rate [Qmax], post-void residual urine volume [PVR]) and subjective outcomes (International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS], Overactive Bladder Symptom Score [OABSS], satisfaction with treatment question [STQ], overall response assessment [ORA], and willingness to undergo surgery question [WUSQ]) were compared between the two groups before surgery, and at 3 and 6 months after HoLEP. A total of 689 patients, with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 69.8 (7.1) years, were enrolled. The mean (SD) BCI in the non-DUA (325 [47.2%]) and DUA (364 [52.8%]) groups was 123.4 (21.4) and 78.6 (14.2), respectively. Both objective (Qmax and PVR) and subjective (IPSS, IPSS-quality of life, and OABSS) outcomes after surgery significantly improved in both groups. The Qmax was lower in the DUA than in the non-DUA group postoperatively. At 6 months postoperatively, the total IPSS was higher in the DUA than in the non-DUA group. There were no significant differences in surgical complications between the two groups. Responses to the STQ, ORA, and WUSQ at 6 months postoperatively demonstrated that the patients were satisfied with the surgery (90.5% in the DUA group; 95.2% in the non-DUA group), their symptoms improved with surgery (95.9% in the DUA group; 100.0% in the non-DUA group), and they were willing to undergo surgery again (95.9% in the DUA group; 97.9% in the non-DUA group). There were no significant differences in the responses to the STQ and WUSQ between the two groups. Our midterm results demonstrated that patients with BPH and DUA showed minimal differences in clinical outcomes after HoLEP compared to those without DUA. The overall satisfaction was high in the DUA group.

Low daily water intake profile-is it a contributor to disease?

Few previous review articles have focused on the associations between inadequate daily water intake (LOW) or urinary biomarkers of dehydration (UD; low urine volume or high urine osmolality) and multiple diseases. Accordingly, we conducted manual online searches (47 key words) of the PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases with these inclusion criteria: English language, full-text, peer reviewed, no restriction on research design, and three publications minimum. Initially, 3,903 articles were identified based on their titles and abstracts. Evaluations of full length .pdf versions identified 96 studies that were acceptable for inclusion. We concluded that the evidence is insufficient or conflicting for seven disorders or diseases (i.e. suggesting the need for additional clarifying research) and it is lacking for all-cause mortality. Differential characterizations among women and men have been reported in the results of nine studies involving five diseases. Finally, the evidence for associations of LOW or UD is strong for both kidney stones and type 2 diabetes with hyperglycemia. This suggests that great public health value (i.e. reduced disease risk) may result from increased daily water intake-a simple and cost-effective dietary modification.

A method for determining incomplete urinary bladder emptying by uroflowmetry

Aim. This article aims to assess the effectiveness of uroflowmetry in detecting residual urine and to investigate the relationship between the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, as measured by the IPSS questionnaire, and the presence of residual urine.Materials and methods. A cohort of patients treated at the Urination Pathology Centre (Vladivostok) for benign prostatic hyperplasia was observed and data were collected. Patients ranged in age from 50 to 73 years (with an average age of 60.5 ± 8.2 years) and were observed during from 2 to 24 months (with an average of 8.4 ± 5.5 months).Results. The analysis of ultrasound data and uroflowmetry results demonstrates convincingly that the SIGMA uroflowmeter can reliably detect residual urine with a high degree of accuracy (p &lt; 0.01). However, during the study, no consistent correlation was found between the symptom of feeling of incomplete bladder emptying, as assessed by the IPSS questionnaire, and the presence of residual urine detected by the SIGMA uroflowmeter.Conclusion. Uroflowmetry conducted with the SIGMA uroflowmeter reliably identifies instances of incomplete bladder emptying, as evidenced by comparison with ultrasound data. At the same time, clinical assessment using the IPSS charts, particularly for the symptom of incomplete bladder emptying, does not adequately indicate the presence of residual urine. Uroflowmetry offers a means to identify incomplete bladder emptying and measure residual urine volume without requiring specialised equipment or medical personnel, thus broadening the diagnostic scope for both conservative and surgical treatment approaches.

The effect of Argania spinosa seed oil on diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceDiabetes is a significant metabolic disease impacting many of the world's population. In Morocco, a wide range of medicinal plants has taken great importance in the treatment of diabetes, among these plants; we find Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels. AimThe objective of our work is based on the evaluation of the effect of roasted (Roil) and unroasted (UnRoil) Argan seed oil on diabetic nephropathy. Materials and methodsRoasted and unroasted oils from Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels seeds were examined for their effects on diabetic nephropathy using an experimental streptozotocin-induced model. Biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on blood and kidney samples to assess renal function and tissue damage. ResultsBoth oils ameliorated significantly diabetic nephropathy symptoms. They limited the renal damage caused by streptozotocin and improved diabetes symptoms, including blood glucose levels, body weight, water intake, urinary volume, and kidney parameters. This activity could be elucidated by the antioxidant effect of Argan oil, enabling to neutralize free radicals and undertake a fundamental role in preventing the onset of these complications. ConclusionBased on our findings, Argan oil could be used as dietary supplement for people with diabetes as a preventive measure against the emergence of diabetic complications.

Choroidal Vascularity Index and Choroidal Structural Changes in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome.

To investigate the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choroidal structural changes in children with nephrotic syndrome. This was a cross-sectional study involving 45 children with primary nephrotic syndrome and 40 normal controls. All participants underwent enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography examinations. An automatic segmentation method based on deep learning was used to segment the choroidal vessels and stroma, and the choroidal volume (CV), vascular volume (VV), and CVI within a 4.5mm diameter circular area centered around the macular fovea were obtained. Clinical data, including blood lipids, serum proteins, renal function, and renal injury indicators, were collected from the patients. Compared with normal controls, children with nephrotic syndrome had a significant increase in CV (nephrotic syndrome: 4.132 ± 0.464 vs. normal controls: 3.873 ± 0.574; P = 0.024); no significant change in VV (nephrotic syndrome: 1.276 ± 0.173 vs. normal controls: 1.277 ± 0.165; P = 0.971); and a significant decrease in the CVI (nephrotic syndrome: 0.308 [range, 0.270-0.386] vs. normal controls: 0.330 [range, 0.288-0.387]; P < 0.001). In the correlation analysis, the CVI was positively correlated with serum total protein, serum albumin, serum prealbumin, ratio of serum albumin to globulin, and 24-hour urine volume and was negatively correlated with total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, urinary protein concentration, and ratio of urinary transferrin to creatinine (all P < 0.05). The CVI is significantly reduced in children with nephrotic syndrome, and the decrease in the CVI parallels the severity of kidney disease, indicating choroidal involvement in the process of nephrotic syndrome. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how nephrotic syndrome affects the choroid.

Positive effects of low-dose S-ketamine on preventing myocardial injury after thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients aged 70 to 85

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of low-dose S-ketamine on marker of myocardial injury (BNP, hs-cTnT and HFABP) after thoracoscopic lobectomy in patients aged 70 to 85.MethodsOne hundred patients (four cases excluded) aged 70–85 years, with body mass index 18–24 kg·m−2 and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II–III, scheduled for elective lobectomy from April 2022 to April 2023, were selected. The patients were divided into two groups by a random number table method, namely, the low-dose S-ketamine combined with GDFT group (group S) and the control group (group C), with 48 cases in each group. In group S, a low dose of S-ketamine (0.2 mg/kg) was given 1 min before intubation, and the maintenance dose was 0.12 mg·kg−1·h−1. Fluid therapy, guided by cardiac index (CI), changes in stroke volume (△SV), and other dynamic indicators, was used for rehydration during the operation. Group C was given the same amount of normal saline (0.2 mg/kg) 1 min before intubation, and the same rehydration therapy was adopted during the operation. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of the two groups were observed and recorded immediately after entering the operating room (T0), immediately after intubation (T1), immediately after the beginning of one-lung ventilation (OLV) (T2), immediately after the beginning of surgery (T3), immediately after the end of OLV (T4), and at the end of surgery (T5). The intraoperative fluid intake and output and the use of vasoactive drugs were recorded. The plasma levels of heart-type fatty acid–binding protein (HFABP), high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were recorded 24 h before operation and 24 and 48 h after operation. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores at rest were recorded at 2 (V1), 6 (V2), 12 (V3), 24 (V4), and 48 h (V5) after operation, and the occurrence of myocardial ischemia during hospitalization was noted.ResultsCompared with group C, MAP was significantly higher at T1–T5 in group S (P < 0.05), and the plasma concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, BNP, hs-cTnT, and HFABP were significantly lower at 24 and 48 h after operation (P < 0.05). The VAS pain scores at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after operation, the number of effective patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) compressions, and the total number of PCIA compressions within 48 h after operation were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with group C, The hospitalization days, and the incidence of postoperative myocardial ischemia in group S were lower (P < 0.05). There were no significant intergroup differences in urine volume, extubation time, the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation, bleeding volume, colloid infusion volume, total fluid infusion volume, and the incidence of rescue analgesia.ConclusionsLow-dose S-ketamine can reduce the levels of hs-cTnT, HFABP, and BNP in older patients after pulmonary lobectomy, which has a positive effect on preventing myocardial injury.Trial registrationThis study was registered on CHICTR (registration No. ChiCTR2300074475). Date of registration: 08/08/2023.

Characterization of Diclofenac-induced Renal Damage in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats: A Comparative Analysis.

Diclofenac is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) mostly prescribed worldwide, but it is highly associated with hypertension and acute kidney injury. Despite that, little information is available about the renal effects of diclofenac in hypertensive individuals, which led us to carry out this comparative study between the renal effects of this NSAID in normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male Wistar NTR and SHR were orally treated with vehicle (V: 10 mL/kg) or diclofenac sodium (D: 100 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days. Urine volume, electrolytes excretion (Na+, K+, Cl-, and Ca2+), urea, creatinine, pH, and osmolarity were evaluated. Furthermore, blood samples and renal tissue were collected to perform biochemical and histological analysis. Diclofenac increased the renal corpuscle and bowman's space in the SHR, while no microscopic changes were observed in the renal tissue of NTR. Regarding the urinary parameters, diclofenac reduced urine volume, pH, osmolarity, and all electrolytes excretion, followed by decreased urea and creatinine levels in both lineages. Moreover, it also induced hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hypocalcemia in SHR, while reduced glutathione-S-transferase activity, lipid hydroperoxides, and nitrite levels in renal tissue. The data presented herein demonstrated that diclofenac induces renal damage and impaired renal function in both NTR and SHR, but those effects are exacerbated in SHR, as seen by the histological changes and electrolytes balance disturbance, therefore, reinforcing that diclofenac may increase the risks of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients.

Investigating the mechanism of cornel iridoid glycosides on type 2 diabetes mellitus using serum and urine metabolites in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceCornel iridoid glycosides (CIG) are extracted from Corni fructus, a herbal medicine used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diabetes. However, the antidiabetic effects of CIG and the underlying metabolic mechanisms require further exploration. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to assess the antidiabetic effects and metabolic mechanism of CIG by performing metabolomic analyses of serum and urine samples of rats. Materials and methodsA rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established by administering a low dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) intraperitoneally after 4 weeks of feeding a high-fat diet. The model was evaluated based on several parameters, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), random blood glucose (RBG), urine volume, liver index, body weight, histopathological sections, and serum biochemical parameters. Subsequently, serum and urine metabolomics were analyzed using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). Data were analyzed using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Differential metabolites were examined by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathways to explore the underlying mechanisms. ResultsAfter 4 weeks of treatment with different doses of CIG, varying degrees of antidiabetic effects were observed, along with reduced liver and pancreatic injury, and improved oxidative stress levels. Compared with the T2DM group, 19 and 23 differential metabolites were detected in the serum and urine of the CIG treatment group, respectively. The key metabolites involved in pathway regulation include taurine, chenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and L-tyrosine in the serum and glycine, hippuric acid, phenylacetylglycine, citric acid, and D-glucuronic acid in the urine, which are related to lipid, amino acid, energy, and carbohydrate metabolism. ConclusionsThis study confirmed the antidiabetic effects of CIG and revealed that CIG effectively controlled metabolic disorders in T2DM rats. This seems to be meaningful for the clinical application of CIG, and can benefit further studies on CIG mechanism.

Profiling of urinary steroids aided by lithium ion adduction-based ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

As 3-OH-containing steroids are prone to dehydration by conventional electrospray ionization, reducing detection sensitivity, Li ion adduction-based ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS), developed to prevent dehydration and effectively detect 3-OH steroids, was applied for profiling total and free steroids in urine. Free urinary steroids were isolated directly from urine by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with 80% acetonitrile. The total steroids were prepared by enzymatic treatment of urine with a cocktail of sulfatase and glucronidase, protein precipitation, and separation with the above SPE. In order to detect as many steroid types as possible, UHPLC/MS/MS (Li method) with Li+ solution added after the column was used for analysis in addition to the conventional method of detecting protonated ions (H method). The 13 3-OH steroids and the remaining 16 steroids were quantified by standard curves prepared using product ion transitions derived from [M + Li]+ and MH+ , respectively. Two groups of human urine, male and female urine, were analyzed. 3-OH steroids could be detected with greater sensitivity using the Li method than the conventional method. The absolute amounts of each steroid were normalized based on creatinine levels. The difference between the male and female groups are clearly attributable to sex steroids. Twenty-nine total steroids and 19 free steroids were identified in a limited volume (240 mL) of urine. Of these, 13 3-OH steroids were better detected by Li+ adduction-based UHPLC/MS/MS.

A Novel Three-Point Localization Method for Bladder Volume Estimation.

The measurement of bladder volume is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary system diseases. Ultrasound imaging, with its non-invasive, radiation-free, and repeatable scanning capabilities, has become the preferred method for measuring residual urine volume. Nevertheless, it still faces some challenges, including complex imaging methods leading to longer measurement times and lower spatial resolution. Here, we propose a novel three-point localization method that does not require ultrasound imaging to calculate bladder volume. A corresponding triple-element ultrasound probe has been designed based on this method, enabling the ultrasound probe to transmit and receive ultrasound waves in three directions. Furthermore, we utilize the Hilbert Transform algorithm to extract the envelope of the ultrasound signal to enhance the efficiency of bladder volume measurements. The experiment indicates that bladder volume estimation can be completed within 5 s, with a relative error rate of less than 15%. These results demonstrate that this novel three-point localization method offers an effective approach for bladder volume measurement in patients with urological conditions.

Peripheral nerve transfers for dysfunctions in central nervous system injuries: a systematic review

Background: The review highlights recent advancements and innovative uses of nerve transfer surgery in treating dysfunctions caused by central nervous system (CNS) injuries, with a particular focus on spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted regarding nerve transfer for restoring sensorimotor functions and bladder control following injuries of spinal cord and brain, across PubMed and Web of Science from January 1920 to May 2023. Two independent reviewers undertook article selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment with several appraisal tools, including the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and SYRCLE’s ROB tool. The study protocol has been registered and reported following PRISMA and AMSTAR guidelines. Results: 906 articles were retrieved, of which 35 studies were included (20 on SCI and 15 on brain injury), with 371 participants included in the surgery group and 192 in the control group. These articles were mostly low-risk, with methodological concerns in study types, highlighting the complexity and diversity. For SCI, the strength of target muscle increased by 3.13 of Medical Research Council grade, and the residual urine volume reduced by more than 100 ml in 15 of 20 patients. For unilateral brain injury, the Fugl-Myer motor assessment (FMA) improved 15.14-26 score in upper extremity compared to 2.35-26 in the control group. The overall reduction in Modified Ashworth score was 0.76-2 compared to 0-1 in the control group. Range of motion (ROM) increased 18.4-80° in elbow, 20.4-110° in wrist and 18.8-130° in forearm, while ROM changed -4.03°-20° in elbow, -2.08°-10° in wrist, -2.26°-20° in forearm in the control group. The improvement of FMA in lower extremity was 9 score compared to the pre-surgery. Conclusion: Nerve transfer generally improves sensorimotor functions in paralyzed limbs and bladder control following CNS injury. The technique effectively creates a “bypass” for signals and facilitates functional recovery by leveraging neural plasticity. It suggested a future of surgery, neurorehabilitation and robotic-assistants converge to improve outcomes for CNS.

Adsorption of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution and fresh synthetic urine by graphene oxide: Conventional and statistical physics modeling approaches

This work uses conventional and statistical physics modeling approaches to address ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption by graphene oxide (GO) from aqueous solution and fresh synthetic urine. Instrumental techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, BET, and EDS were employed to characterize the adsorbent material. The adsorption experiments were performed in a typical batch using different initial concentrations of CIP, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperatures. Besides, the statistical physics approach was employed to investigate the CIP adsorption onto GO. Five models based on mono, double, and multilayers were used to describe the equilibrium isotherms. Steric and energetic parameters such as the number of adsorbed molecules per site, receptor site density, and half-saturation were considered. The kinetic data were adjusted using three conventional models (pseudo 1st order, pseudo 2nd order, and general order). The pH effect and influence of adsorbent dosage on adsorption performance were also investigated and discussed. In addition, adsorption mechanisms hypotheses were proposed based on experimental data and adsorption modeling using a statistical physics approach. Furthermore, the current work reports the removal of CIP at concentrations commonly found in urine considering factors such as fraction excreted in unmetabolized form, daily defined dose, and average daily urine volume excreted. The adsorption capacity values in aqueous medium and fresh synthetic urine were were 354.24 and 291.39 mg g−1, respectively.

Antidiabetic and aldose reductase inhibitory activity and LC-MS/MS compositional polyphenol determination of aqueous extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus fruits

This study's objective was to examine the antidiabetic effect of the aqueous extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. (AEAL) in diabetic rats, its aldose reductase inhibitory activity, as well as identify its major phytochemical components using LC-MS. Rats were divided into five groups: normal and diabetic control groups, three diabetic groups received 150 and 300 mg/kg of AEAL and metformin (150 mg/kg) per day for 4 weeks. Blood glucose, body weight, urinary volume, daily food consumption, water intake, hepatic glycogen, catalase, malondialdehyde. After the experimental period, the rats were sacrificed to collect blood for biochemical analysis (level of creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerides, and cholesterol). Moreover, AEAL was tested against aldose reductase, in vitro. Phytochemical analysis of the AEAL revealed a rich composition and especially high amounts of phenolic acid. The administration of the AEAL significantly reduced glycemia, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, and increased the amount of hepatic glycogen. In addition, AEAL decreased urinary volume per day, induced body weight gain in diabetic rats, and inhibited aldose reductase activity.

Longitudinal Changes in Kidney Solute Clearance in a Prospective Cohort of Patients Initiating Chronic Hemodialysis

IntroductionLongitudinal changes in residual kidney function (RKF) have not been well examined in patients started on chronic hemodialysis (HD). MethodsWe analyzed urine volume and kidney solute clearances from timed urine collections and corresponding plasma samples from 42 patients randomized to incremental HD (n=21) and conventional HD (n=21) in the TwoPlus study. Samples were collected prior to HD initiation (baseline); and at 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks. We assessed temporal trends in urine volume, kidney urea clearance, and kidney creatinine clearance, and correlations between urine volume and kidney urea and creatinine clearances. ResultsRKF parameters in all patients declined over time; the pattern of decline differed between urine volume and kidney solute clearances. Urine volume declined at a steady rate with median (quartile 1, quartile 3) % change relative to baseline of -10% (-36, 29) at week 6 and -47% (-76, 5) by week 48. Kidney urea and creatinine clearances exhibited a larger decline than urine volume at week 6, -32% (-61, 8) and -47% (-57, -20), respectively. The rate of decline subsequently slowed, reaching about 61% decline for both solutes by week 48. Conventional HD demonstrated larger declines in urine volume and kidney urea clearance than incremental HD at week 6. Urine volume showed moderate correlation with urea (R=0.47) and weaker correlation with creatinine (R=0.34). ConclusionDespite gradual decrement in urine volume and kidney solute clearances, RKF persists nearly 1 year after HD initiation. This knowledge could motivate increased practice of individualizing HD prescriptions by incorporating RKF.

Effect of Jiawei Tangzhiqing granules on JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway and Th17/Treg ratio in diabetic nephropathy mice

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Jiawei Tangzhiqing granules on JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and Th17/Treg ratio in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice. &#x0D; Methods: Selected 60 male SPF C57BL/6N mice, divided into control group and DN model group; the latter was further further split into model control, Western medicine group, and three Jiawei Tangzhiqing granule groups (high, medium, and low doses). Treatments were administered orally for 12 weeks. Key health indicators and renal tissue pathology were analyzed. Th17 and Treg levels in CD4+ T cells were quantified, and JAK2 and STAT3 protein expression in renal tissues was determined via Western blot. &#x0D; Results: Model group showed a significant decrease in body weight and increases in 24-h urine volume, food, and water consumption compared to the control group. Th17 cell count increased, and Treg cell count decreased, leading to a higher Th17: Treg ratio. Conversely, Jiawei Tangzhiqing granules reduced this effect dose-dependently, with the highest dose being more effective than irbesartan. JAK2 and STAT3 protein expressions, elevated in model group, were significantly reduced in the granule-treated groups. &#x0D; Conclusion: Jiawei Tangzhiqing granules alleviate renal damage in DN by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and correcting the Th17: Treg ratio imbalance. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for these granules in managing DN. There is a need to find out if there is a correlation between Th17/Treg balance and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.