Urine Sugar Research Articles

Intestinal permeability in patients with IgA nephropathy and other glomerular diseases: an observational study

BackgroundA dysregulated ‘gut-kidney axis’ may contribute to immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). We studied whether IgAN patients have disturbed intestinal permeability.MethodsIn a prospective, cross sectional, pilot study we assessed intestinal permeability in 35 IgAN patients, 18 patients with non-IgAN glomerulonephritides (GNs) and 19 healthy controls. After an overnight fast, trial participants ingested a multi-sugar solution and samples were obtained from 0 to 2, 2 to 5- and 5 to 24-h urine portions. Urinary sugar concentrations were quantified using isocratic ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography. Indices of small intestinal permeability (0–2-h lactulose/L-rhamnose (L/R) ratio), distal small intestinal and proximal colonic permeability (2–5-h sucralose/erythritol (S/E) ratio) and colonic permeability (5–24-h sucralose/erythritol (S/E) ratio) were evaluated. Associations between groups and indices of intestinal permeability were investigated by a linear mixed model.ResultsSmall intestinal permeability (0–2 h L/R-ratio) was significantly increased in patients with glomerular diseases versus healthy controls. More precisely, increased small intestinal permeability was exclusively noted in non-IgAN GN patients, whereas IgAN patients exhibited a trend towards elevated small intestinal permeability. In total, 54% of patients with IgAN and 67% of non-IgAN GN patients had increased small intestinal permeability. Neither distal small intestinal and proximal colonic permeability nor colonic gut permeability indices (i.e., 2–5 h and 5–24 h S/E ratios) were significantly different between controls and any of the GN patient groups.ConclusionThe present single center pilot study suggests that disturbed intestinal permeability is common in patients with glomerular diseases and is not specific for IgAN.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00021533, Date: 24.04.2020.Graphical abstract

Sex Differences at Early Old Stage in Glycolipid Metabolism and Fatty Liver in Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Chinese Great Famine.

BackgroundAbout 50 years ago, Chinese Great Famine (CGF) affected the entire population in China, and its long-term influence on the offspring has attracted significant attention for research. However, information on possible metabolic differences between sexes is limited. This study explored whether there might be sex differences in the risks of development of glucolipid metabolic dysfunction and fatty liver following prenatal exposure to CGF.Materials and MethodsThere were 11,417 subjects around 55 years of age (6,661 women and 4,756 men). They were divided as the exposed group in which the fetal stage was in CGF, and the unexposed group included those born after CGF. Analysis focused on comparisons between sexes.ResultsCompared to the unexposed group, the BMI and triglyceride (P < 0.05) in men were higher in exposed group, while waist circumference and blood sugar (P < 0.05) in the exposed women were significantly higher. With the ages being properly balanced, the risks of glycolipid metabolic dysfunction were significantly higher in both men and women in the exposed than in the unexposed group (P < 0.001). Prenatal exposure to CGF significantly increased risks of abnormal BMI (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.305–2.93), blood sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.050–1.401), triglycerides (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.006–1.245), and fatty liver (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.121–1.390) in men, and increased risks of abnormal blood sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.024–1.689) and positive urine sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.062–6.211) in women. Height and body weight were either the same or higher in the exposed subjects compared with the unexposed ones, regardless of sexes.ConclusionThis study is the first to identify sex differences in the long-term effects of CGF on metabolism and fatty liver. Importance of the findings include the benefits of prescribing medicine for the early prevention of certain diseases for each sex before aging based on the differences revealed. This study also shows “catch-up growth” in the offspring prenatally exposed to CGF as possible mechanisms underlying the long-term effects.

Sugars measured enzymatically in a fasting overnight urine sample are not sensitive biomarkers of dietary added sugar intake in postmenopausal women.

Restricting dietary sugar is a leading recommendation, but limited biomarkers assessing intake exist. Although 24-h urinary sucrose (U-Suc) and urinary fructose (U-Fruc) excretion has been used with mixed success, collection is burdensome. This study aimed to test the sensitivity of an enzymatic assay of U-Suc and U-Fruc to detect changing added sugar intake using low-burden overnight urine samples in 30 postmenopausal women. Women consumed usual dietary intake during day 1 and usual intake plus a sugar sweetened beverage during day 2. Weighed, photographed food records assessed intake. Enzymatic assay measured U-Suc and U-Fruc from fasting overnight samples; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) validated U-Suc findings. Dietary added sugars increased significantly during day 2 (p < 0.001), but urinary sugars were not significantly increased. Enzymatic assay detected urinary sugars in 75% (U-Suc) and 35% (U-Fruc) of samples. Dietary sucrose was not associated with U-Suc, however dietary fructose was significantly associated with U-Fruc [β = 0.031; p < 0.05] among women with detectable urinary sugars. Participants with detectable U-Fruc consumed more energy from added sugars [12.6% kcal day 1; 21.5% kcal day 2] than participants with undetectable U-Fruc [9.3% kcal day 1; 17.4% kcal day 2], p < 0.05. Using LC-MS, U-Suc predicted sucrose and added sugar intake [β = 0.017, β = 0.013 respectively; both p < 0.05]. Urinary sugars measured enzymatically from overnight urine samples were not sensitive biomarkers of changing added sugar intake in postmenopausal women. However, urinary fructose measured by enzymatic assay or LC-MS may differentiate low versus high added sugar consumers.

Prevalence and Validity of Sugar and High-Intensity Sweeteners Consumption Assessed by a General FFQ, Multiple 24-H Recalls, and Urinary Biomarkers – The SWEET Project

ObjectivesInconsistencies in prospective studies investigating sugars and sweeteners with health may be partly due to inaccurate self-reported intake estimates. We compared the relative validity of two self-reported dietary methods and urinary biomarkers to estimate the intake of sugars and sweeteners using data of free-living Dutch adults.MethodsWe included 848 participants with one food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and ≥3 24-h recalls from the NQplus study. Intakes of sugars (mono and disaccharides, sucrose, fructose, free sugars, and added sugars), sugary foods, and sweetened beverages (sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), Low/Non-calorie beverages (LNCB), and fruit juice) were estimated by using the Dutch food composition table. A sub-sample of 288 participants provided 3 repeated urine samples to measure the urinary sugar and sweetener concentrations. Measurement error models were used to calculate, ICCs, proportional scaling bias (βx), validity coefficients (VC), and attenuation factors (AF).ResultsAccording to 24 h-recall data, most sugars and sweet foods/beverages had a high day-to-day variation (ICC ≤ 0.56). Under-reporting (βx < 1) between the FFQ and the multiple recalls was highest for sugary foods and beverages (0.57 to 0.66), and lowest for sugars (0.68 to 0.81). VCs ranged from 0.49 (sugary foods) to 0.74 (SSB), suggesting a moderate to good agreement between the methods for most sugars and for sweet beverages. AFs ranged from 0.42 (sugary foods) to 0.96 (SSB), indicating that the FFQ tends to underestimate the associations between sugars or sweet foods and disease compared to the recalls. The high AFs for LNCB (0.93) and SSB (0.96) suggested that the under-estimation of the diet-disease association was minimal for these beverages when using the FFQ instead of recalls. Compared to men, women showed more day-to-day variation, more under-reporting, and lower VC and AF, except with LNCB. In general, only slight differences between BMI categories were observed. Results of the biomarkers are expected in April.ConclusionsOverall, the FFQ showed moderate to good ranking performance compared to multiple 24 h-recalls for sugars and sweet foods.Funding SourcesThis EU project under the acronym “SWEET” has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program.

Improved renal function in neurofibromatosis type 1 patients.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), or von Recklinghausen disease, is an autosomal dominant disease that presents with various symptoms, including café‐au‐lait spots and neurofibromas. NF1 patients occasionally suffer from renal artery vasculopathy, which impairs renal function, while results of a previous report suggested that male NF1 patients have a low creatinine level in peripheral blood. The assessment of renal function in NF1 patients remains inadequate. In this study, renal function in NF1 was assessed. We recruited 308 patients consisting of 149 NF1 patients (77 males and 72 females) and 159 control patients (102 males and 57 females). Creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and haemoglobin A1c in peripheral blood as well as protein, occult blood and sugar in urine were examined. In addition, the estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated. The mean age and body mass index did not differ significantly between the NF1 patients and controls for both sexes. For both sexes, i) the mean creatinine value was significantly lower in the NF1 patients than in the controls; ii) the mean blood urea nitrogen value did not differ significantly between the NF1 patients and controls; iii) the mean blood urea nitrogen‐to‐creatinine ratio was significantly higher in the NF1 patients than in the controls; iv) the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly higher in the NF1 patients than in the controls; and v) the mean haemoglobin A1c value was significantly lower in the NF1 patients than in the controls. In conclusion, NF1 patients may have improved renal function. The clinical significances should be further examined.

Effect of trimetazidine in experimental animals with coronary heart disease or and in combination with diabetes mellitus

The epidemic of cardiovascular disease especially coronary heart disease (CHD) is emerging in rural India and accelerating in urban India. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in India; diabetes accounts for a significant burden of CHD events. Trimetazidine (TMZ) is a piperazine derivative with anti-ischaemic properties. It is the first in a new class of metabolic agent, available for clinical use.: To determine the effect of TMZ on blood parameters in normal, hyperlipidemic, diabetic and Streptozotocin induced diabetic hyperlipidemic rats. Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain, weighing approximately 150 to 180 g, were used in the present study. After various treatments, blood was collected from the rats by sinocular puncture for the blood parameters like Fasting blood glucose, urine sugar, HbA1c and Haemoglobin with standard protocols.The levels of blood glucose, HbA1c and urine sugar were found to be elevated in the entire diseased control group than normal control.TMZ has the potential effect against the STZ induced syndromes with an optimum dose of 40 mg/kg in rats.

Effect of PKC inhibitor on renal podocyte slit diaphragm protein expression in exhausted rats

Objective: To investigate the expression level of podocyte slit diaphragm protein in rats after one-time exhaustive exercise, to explore the effect of PKC inhibitor on the protein expression level, and to reveal the mechanism of PKC in the formation of exercise-induced proteinuria. Methods: Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (C), exercise group (E) and exercise combining with PKC inhibitor group (EPI), with 10 rats in each group. Rats in group E and EPI performed one single bout of exhaustive exercise (25 m/min), rats in group EPI were intraperitoneally injected with a PKC inhibitor (chelerythrine, 5 mg/kg) 1 day and 1 hour before exercise respectively, while rats in group C and E were injected with the same volume of saline. Results: ①Compared with group C, the levels of urine protein, uric acid, urine sugar, blood urea, and blood uric acid of rats in group E were increased significantly (P＜0.05), the level of blood glucose was reduced significantly (P＜0.01), and renal ROS production was increased significantly (P＜0.01). The expressions of nephrin and podocin protein in renal tissue were decreased significantly (P＜ 0.05), while the expressions of PKC, Nox2, and Nox4 protein were increased significantly (P＜0.05). ②Compared with group E, the levels of urinary protein,urine glucose and blood urea in EPI group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), the level of blood glucose was increased significantly (P＜0.01), renal ROS production was reduced significantly (P＜0.01). the expressions of nephrin and podocin protein in renal tissues of the EPI group were increased significantly (P＜0.05), while the expressions of PKC and Nox2 protein was reduced significantly (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Conclusion: One-time exhaustive exercise can down-regulate the expressions of nephrin and podocin through PKC/Nox/ROS pathways in the kidney of rats; PKC inhibitor alleviates the decrease in the expression of podocyte slit diaphragm protein caused by exhaustive exercise, and prevents the occurrence of exercise-induced proteinuria.

Development of Rapid Vigor Test Using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper for Soybean (Glycine max L.) Seeds

Seed vigor is an essential parameter of seed quality. It plays a critical value in the decision-making for the seeds to be used in agronomic and horticultural crops. The urinary sugar analysis paper (USAP) test determines seed vigor based on leakage concentration from the seed and corresponding color change of the USAP, which are obtained after soaking the seeds in water. This research was conducted from January 2021 to November 2021, intending to develop a rapid soybean vigor test using USAP, and it was composed of two experiments. Soybean seeds of the Biosoy1 variety were obtained from ICABIOGRAD (Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development). The seeds consisted of three different levels of seed lots (low, medium, and high viability with 35%, 64%, and 94% germination percentages, respectively). The first experiment was to determine moisture content and soaking period for the USAP seed vigor test. It was arranged in a completely randomized design with one factor as the combination of three seed lots, two levels of seed moisture content (10-12% and 13-14%), and four levels of the soaking period (0, 6, 8, and 10 hours). The second experiment was the optimization of the soaking period by seed number. It was arranged in a completely randomized design with one factor, which was combinations of three seed lots, three levels of seed numbers (50, 75, and 100 seeds), and the soaking period (four levels as 0, 6, 8, and 10 hours). The data were analyzed statistically by the Minitab package. The result showed that both combinations of 10-12% and 13-14% moisture content with the soaking period of 10 hours effectively differentiated the three seed lots into three vigor levels using USAP. Experiment 2 optimized the soaking period from 10 hours to 8 hours by using 100 seeds. The USAP color change was effectively significant to indicate seed lot vigor levels, mainly based on protein leakage concentration on USAP. The color changes from pale yellow-green for higher vigor seed lot to light greenish-blue for low vigor. The USAP was effective for the soybean vigor test for the seed lot with 10-14% moisture content by soaking 100 seeds into 50 ml of distilled water for 8 hours. The USAP is a promising rapid vigor test method but still needs to be developed further.

Prospective clinical study of ocular manifestations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the common ocular manifestations in diabetes and their relation to the duration and severity of the diabetes. Methodology: This is a prospective, observational study of patients attending the outpatient department and those referred to the tertiary eye care hospital in Bagalkote district of Karnataka from October 2012 to March 2014. Type 2 diabetic patients were recruited on the basis of history, clinical examination, and blood investigations. Along with detailed demographic history, all participants underwent complete slit-lamp anterior segment, posterior segment examination and intraocular pressure measurement was done. Estimation of random blood sugar at admission and fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar second day of admission along with urine sugar, albumin, and microscopy. If necessary based on the indication, fundus fluorescein angiography was also performed. Results: Out of 350 patients evaluated, 211 were male (60.3%) and 139 (39.7%) were female. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was the most common complication (36.8%), followed by cataract 35.4%, glaucoma (4.6%), and other pathologies such as conjunctivitis, recurrent hordeolum, and dacrocystitis. The strongest predictor for the prevalence of retinopathy in persons with Type 2 diabetes is the duration of diabetes and was proven statistically significant. Both prevalence and severity of retinopathy correlate with HBA1C level in our study group. The most common type of cataract found was cortical type (41.2%) followed by senile posterior cortical (29.8%). Diabetes predisposes to infection in different body parts, and ocular structures are not an exception. Conclusion: DR was the most common ocular complication of diabetes, followed by cataract and primary open angle glaucoma. The prevalence and severity of DR were higher in patients with the longer duration of diabetes.

Profil keterampilan kolaborasi siswa SMA pada praktikum maya sistem ekskresi

This study aims to analyze high school students’ collaboration skills in an excretion system virtual lab work about detection of sugar in urine. This study also revealed students’ responses regarding virtual lab work learning. Research method used here is descriptive method. The study was conducted on 35 students in one class of 11th science grade from a public senior high school in Bandung city, that obtained by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected with non-test instruments in form of observation sheet as the main data source and worksheet, peer assessment sheet, and questionnaire as supporting data sources. Research data were analyzed in addition to getting overview of the overall collaboration skills, but also to get an overview of the collaboration skills within each indicator. The average of overall students’ collaboration skills indicator is 88.9% (very good category). Indicators of Work productively, Contribute actively, Committed to completing group goals, Able to responsible, Appreciate other’s contributions, Able to control emotions, Participate respectfully in discussions, debates, and differences, Trust each group member’s strengths are in very good category, respectively: 90%, 83.3%, 83.3%, 83.3%, 100%, 100%, 99.1% and 98.3%. Meanwhile, indicators of Balance in listening and speaking, and indicators of Able to make group decisions are in good category with percentages of 73.7% and 78.5%. The best collaboration skills indicator in this study is Appreciate other’s contributions and Able to control emotions. Highschool students’ collaboration skills profile in excretion system virtual lab work is generally in very good category, where students able to work productively; many of them contribute actively; able to balance in listening and speaking; they commited to completing group goals; able to responsible; appreciate other’s contributions; able to control emotions; participate respectfully; able to trust each group member’s strengths; and able to make decisions together. In addition, the virtual lab work learning method received a positive response from students, almost all students can feel the benefits in learning, especially to practice their collaboration skills.

To the quantitative determination of sugar in urine

For the rational treatment of diabetes, a daily quantitative study of the diabetic's urine for sugar content is necessary in order to be able to judge the effect of one or another diet and develop a treatment plan accordingly.

Effect of Combining Urinary Sugar and Urinary Microalbumin on the Diagnosis of Early Renal Injury in Diabetes

Effect of Combining Urinary Sugar and Urinary Microalbumin on the Diagnosis of Early Renal Injury in Diabetes

Effect of Combining Urinary Sugar and Urinary Microalbumin on the Diagnosis of Early Renal Injury in Diabetes

Effect of Combining Urinary Sugar and Urinary Microalbumin on the Diagnosis of Early Renal Injury in Diabetes

A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF BHANDIRA

Introduction: Madhumeha (Diabetes mellitus) is a life style related, multifactorial disease with multiple facets involving all the Srotas, Dhatus and the Ojas. Madhumeha is a Vataja variety of Prameha, which manifests either due to Margavarana or due to Dhatu Kshaya. Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by Hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Diabetes and its complication pose a major threat to future public health resources throughout the world. In this study an effort has been made to evaluate the Madhumehahara karma (Antihyperglycemic activity) of Bhandira (Clerodendrum infortunatum auct Non Linn) Materials and methods: The present study was an open labelled, single arm, clinical study in Madhumeha (Diabetes mellitus) (n=30) selected using convenience sampling technique with pre and post design conducted in a tertiary Ayurveda healthcare centre attached to a teaching institute, situated at the district headquarters in South India. 32 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria suffering from Madhumeha w s r to Diabetes mellitus were selected with the intervention of Bhandira patra vati 3 Twice in a day (BD) for 30 days. Results: The effect of therapy was assessed before and after treatment, the results were statistically analyzed; it showed significant changes in subjective parameters like praboota mutrata, avila mootrata, kshudadikya, karapada daha, and Objective parameter- Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS), Fasting Urine Sugar (FUS), Post Prandial Urine Sugar (PPUS) Conclusion: Bhandira patra vati in a dose of 3 BD before food has shown better efficacy in subjective parameters like praboota mutrata, avila mootrata, kshudadikya, karapada daha, and Objective parameter like- FBS, PPBS, FUS, PPUS KEY WORDS: Madhumeha, Anti-hyperglycaemic, Bhandira patra vati

Self-Powered Diaper Sensor with Wireless Transmitter Powered by Paper-Based Biofuel Cell with Urine Glucose as Fuel.

A self-driven sensor that can detect urine and urine sugar and can be mounted on diapers is desirable to reduce the burden of long-term care. In this study, we created a paper-based glucose biofuel cell that can be mounted on diapers to detect urine sugar. Electrodes for biofuel cells were produced by printing MgO-templated porous carbon on which poly(glycidyl methacrylate) was modified using graft polymerization. A new bioanode was prepared through covalently modifying flavin-adenine-dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase and azure A with pendant glycidyl groups of poly(glycidyl methacrylate). We prepared a cathode with covalently bonded bilirubin oxidase. Covalent bonding of enzymes and mediators to both the bioanode and biocathode suppressed elution and improved stability. The biofuel cell could achieve a maximum output density of 0.12 mW cm–2, and by combining it with a wireless transmission device, the concentration of glucose sensed from the transmission frequency was in the range of 0–10 mM. The sensitivity of the sensor was estimated at 0.0030 ± 0.0002 Hz mmol–1 dm3. This device is expected to be a new urine-sugar detection device, composed only of organic materials with a low environmental load and it can be useful for detecting postprandial hyperglycemia.

Add-on effect of Ayurvedic treatment protocol for diabetic retinopathy: A randomized controlled clinical study.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading cause of visual disability in diabetics, is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus. Currently available conventional treatments for DR have certain limitations, considering which Ayurvedic treatment protocol was designed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Ayurvedic treatment protocol for DR. This was a randomized, controlled, black box design clinical study conducted from April 2016 to September 2017 by the department of Shalakya Tantra of a tertiary academic hospital in Western India. A hundred patients of DR in the age group 30-70 years were randomly divided into two groups by simple random sampling using computer-generated random number tables. In the trial group (n = 70), the preparatory phase included Dipana-Pachana (stomachic and digestant), Koshtha Shodhana (mild therapeutic purgation), and Shiro Virechana (eliminative nasal medication). The treatment phase included Marsha Nasya (nasal medication) and Pratimarsha Nasya (nasal medication of mild dose) with Durvadi Ghrita, Takra Dhara (pouring medicated buttermilk over the scalp) with Siddha Takra, and intake of Rasayana Yoga (treatment duration - 3 months). In the control group (n = 30), patients were kept under conservative treatment and observed during the trial period of 3 months. Patients of both groups continued with their treatment for diabetes and DR if any. Two follow-ups were done at an interval of 15 days. The primary outcomes were objective signs like best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA); ophthalmoscopic signs such as superficial hemorrhages, dot-blot hemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots, neovascularization disc, neovascularization elsewhere, and fibrovascular proliferation; subjective symptoms such as diminished vision, blurred vision, frequent changes in presbyopia glasses, perception of flashes of light, floaters, and problem for dark adaptation. The secondary outcomes were fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), urine sugar, serum cholesterol, hemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated HbA1C, liver function test, and renal function test outcomes were assessed before and after the treatment. Ninety participants were included in the analysis of the primary outcome (62 in the trial and 28 in the control group). The trial group provided better results which were statistically significant on dot-blot hemorrhages, superficial hemorrhages, hard exudates, BCVA, FBS, and serum cholesterol. Both the groups provided almost similar effects in PPBS, Hb, HbA1C, and urine sugar which were statistically insignificant. Adverse effects were not reported in any of the patient among either groups. Ayurvedic treatment protocol is safe and effective in DR.

English

Gestational diabetes and dietary management with split meal technique was studied with 90 sample which were collected through purposive sampling. Among 90 GDM patients were categorized into 2 equal groups I.e, Experimental group and control group. Control group consists of (n=45) and Experimental group also consists of (n=45). Anthropometric measurements, Biochemical assessment, and Diet survey were taken as parameters. Positive results were obtained in Experimental group. Significant decrease observed in weight, BMI, blood sugar and urine sugar in Split meal technique group. The results were decreased (from160.11 to 133.36 mg/dl in fasting blood sugar, 2.25 - 0.35 mg/dl urine sugar, 67.58- 64.11 kg in body weight).

Associations Between Sugars Intakes and Urinary Sugars Excretion and Carbon Stable Isotope Ratios in Red Blood Cells as Biomarkers of Sugars Intake in a Predominantly Māori Population

Determining the extent to which added sugars intake contribute to non-communicable disease in various populations is challenging because it is difficult to accurately measure intakes. Biomarkers may provide a reliable and easily measured method of assessing intakes. In a predominantly Māori population we compared various sugars intake estimates derived from a 36 item sugar-specific food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with biomarkers of sugars intake; urinary sugars excretion in random spot collections (n = 153) and carbon stable isotope ratios (n = 36) in red blood cells (RBCs, δ13CRBC) and in the alanine fraction of the RBCs (δ13Calanine). Estimated 24 h urinary sucrose+fructose excretion was statistically significantly correlated with intakes of total sugars (r = 0.23), sucrose (r = 0.26) and added sugars from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; r = 0.26). δ13Calanine was correlated with added sugars (r = 0.40). In log linear multiple regression models adjusted with HbA1C and eGFR δ13Calanine predicted added sugars intakes (r2 = 0.29) and estimated 24 h urinary sucrose+fructose excretion predicted intakes of total sugars (r2 = 0.14), sucrose (r2 = 0.17), added sugars (r2 = 0.17) and sugars from SSBs (r2 = 0.14). These biomarkers have potential for improving assessment of sugars intake in New Zealand populations enabling monitoring of the effectiveness of sugar reduction strategies designed to reduce risk of NCDs. However, further validation is required to confirm these preliminary findings.

Mass urine sugar testing to tackle post-COVID mucormycosis epidemic in India-MUSTARD concept

BackgroundPost-Covid mucormycosis is associated with very high morbidity and reasonably high mortality. The three main causes seem to be covid infection, excessive steroid usage and uncontrolled diabetes. MethodsOf the three risk factors causing post-Covid mucormycosis, the only risk factor which can be modified quickly is uncontrolled diabetes. Checking urine-sugar levels of susceptible population asymptomatic for mucormycosis can be done rapidly and at a relatively low cost. Urine sugar positive persons can then be investigated and managed for uncontrolled diabetes. ResultsNone ConclusionsMass urine sugar testing to assess and regulate diabetes(MUSTARD) can help identify and manage uncontrolled diabetes in populations with high prevalence of diabetes

Beta Thalassemia Major with Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report

Thalassemia results from defects in normal hemoglobin production, and represents the most common inherited anemia worldwide. Diabetes is a complication of b-thalassemia major. We report a case of Diabetes mellitus in a known case of beta thalassemia major. Patient had undergone Splenectomy 1 year back. Patient is taking chelating agent Defasirox 1000mg orally once a day in the morning. Family history reveals, born through third degree consanguineous marri age. The patient was then subjected for laboratory examination reveals BSL was high, urine ketone 2+,urine sugar 3+, ABG was normal, HbA1c was 13 &amp; 3 month old report of serum ferritin 1200 ng/dl. Multidisciplinary management was instituted. Blood sugar level got controlled over subcutaneous insulin. Patient may have landed in Diabetic ketoacidosis but was promptly diagnosed &amp; treated. This case is presented for its rarity. As the life expectancy of patients with thalassaemia increases, this will also expose our patients potentially to many more years of hyperglycaemia and diabetes. Sustaining metabolic control and controlling cardiovascular risk factors will be critical in the future for preventing complications due to diabetes.