Urine Density Research Articles

Enteral Electrolyte Solutions With Different Osmolarities: Clinical and Laboratory Assessment in Equines

This study assessed and compared the effects of enteral electrolyte solutions with different osmolarities, administered using a nasoesophageal probe of small caliber with continuous flow, on clinical and laboratory parameters in healthy equines. Six adult females were used in two simultaneous 6 × 3 Latin squares with a mixed model. The animals were divided into three groups and submitted to each of the following treatments: SEDext: 5-g NaCl, 0.5-g KCl, 200-mg magnesium pidolate, 1-g calcium gluconate, and 10-g dextrose, dissolved in 1,000-mL water (osmolarity measured: 228 mmol/L); SEMalt: 5-g NaCl, 0.5-g KCl, 200-mg magnesium pidolate, 1-g calcium gluconate, and 10-g maltodextrin dissolved in 1,000 mL water (osmolarity measured: 181 mmol/L); SEProp: 5-g NaCl, 0.5-g KCl, 200-mg magnesium pidolate, and 10-g calcium propionate, dissolved in 1,000-mL water (osmolarity measured: 282 mmol/L). The electrolyte solution was administered in a dose of 15 mL/kg/h for 12 hours with continuous flux using a nasoesophageal probe, with food and water restriction. SEMalt and SEDext were effective in expanding blood volume, increasing intestinal motility, and decreasing urine density, whereas the SEProp caused abdominal distention, discomfort, and diarrhea in 50% of the animals, in addition to promoting less effect on the expansion of plasma volume and intestinal motility.

Food intake survey of kindergarten children in Korea: Part 3 cadmium and lead burden.

This study was initiated to elucidate the extent of dietary exposure of children in Korea to two pollutant metals of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Possible urban-rural difference was also examined. Food duplicate and morning spot urine samples were collected from 108 children in 4 kindergartens (KG) (1 KG in Seoul and 3 KGs in Jeju Island), as reported in a previous publication. The samples were analyzed for Cd and Pb by ICP-MS. Cd and Pb in food duplicate and urine samples were distributed approximately log-normally. Geometric means for Cd and Pb in food duplicate samples were 12.4 and 5.8 μg/day, or 0.58 and 0.27 μg/kg body weight/day, respectively, and the values for Cd and Pb in urine (as observed, i.e., with no correction for urine density) were 0.91 and 1.64 μg/L, respectively. 2.41 and 0.30 μg/day of Cd and Pb (accounting for 19.5 and 5.1%) came from boiled rice, the staple food. The levels of Cd and Pb burden among the children in the present survey were essentially the same with the levels reported for children in Pusan. The reasons for difference in the rank in Cd-D and Cd-U among the 4 KGs need further study. The observed levels of Cd and Pb exposure were more or less similar to what were reported for children in Pusan. No apparent urban-rural difference could be detected.

Asociación entre bronquiolitis moderada-grave y síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética en urgencias

ObjectivesTo identify clinical characteristics that may lead to the early recognition of patients admitted to the hospital for moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis with urine results associated with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Patients and methodsA prospective observational study was conducted, spanning the bronchiolitis epidemic season (October 2012-March 2013), including all children who were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis. The following criteria were used to establish a diagnosis of SIADH: urine sodium level of 40mmol/L or greater, urine osmolarity above 500 mosm/Kg, and urine density of 1020g/L or greater. Demographic characteristics, ventilation mode and clinical outcome were also analyzed. A comparison was made between those patients that met urine SIADH criteria and those who did not. ResultsA total of 126 children were included, and 23 (18.6%) of them had urine SIADH criteria. Patients in this group had a higher incidence of pneumonia and/or atelectasis on chest X-Ray (21.7% vs. 1.9%, P=.002), worse response to bronchodilator treatment with nebulized adrenaline (69,5% vs. 28,1%, P=.016), more need for respiratory assistance (high flow oxygen therapy (17.4% vs. 7.7%, p=.016), or non-invasive mechanical ventilation (13% vs. 5.8%, P=.034), and more admissions to the PICU (26.1% vs. 6.8%, P=.007). ConclusionsPatients older than one month with acute moderate bronchiolitis and urine SIADH criteria have worse clinical courses and more need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, PICU admission, and have a higher incidence of pneumonia on chest X-ray. For that reason, it is recommended to collect a urine sample from these patients to allow an early diagnosis of SIADH, and thus early treatment of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities.

Burnt sugarcane harvesting is associated with acute renal dysfunction

Sugarcane harvesting has been associated with an epidemic of chronic kidney disease in Central America mainly affecting previously healthy young workers. Repeated episodes of acute kidney dysfunction are hypothesized to be one of the possible mechanisms for this phenomenon. Therefore, this exploratory study aimed to assess the acute effects of burnt sugarcane harvesting on renal function among 28 healthy non-African Brazilian workers. Urine and blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the harvesting season and before and at the end of a harvesting workday. All individuals decreased their estimated glomerular filtration rate by ∼20% at the end of the daily shift, and 18.5% presented with serum creatinine increases consistent with acute kidney injury. Those changes were associated with increased serum creatine phosphokinase (a known marker for exertional rhabdomyolysis) and oxidative stress-associated malondialdehyde levels, increased peripheral blood white cell counts, decreased urinary and serum sodium, decreased calculated fractional sodium excretion, and increased urine density. Thus, burnt sugarcane harvesting caused acute renal dysfunction in previously healthy workers. This was associated with a combination of dehydration, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and rhabdomyolysis.

Promising biological monitoring for occupational 1,2-Dichloropropane exposure by urinalysis for unmetabolized solvent.

The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of urinalysis for unmetabolized solvent to biomonitor 1,2-dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) exposure. Thirty three male printers exposed to 1,2-DCP and 5 nonexposed male controls participated in the study. The 8-hr average levels of exposure to 1,2-DCP in air and 1,2-DCP in the end-of-shift urine samples were measured with capillary FID-GC. The geometric mean (the maximum) concentrations was 7.1 ppm (23.1 ppm) for 1,2-DCP in air, and the level in urine (without correction for urine density) was 77 µg/l (247 µg/l). A regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.909 (p<0.01). No 1,2-DCP was detected in the urine samples from nonexposed subjects. The high correlation and low background (essentially zero) showed that urinalysis for unmetabolized 1,2-DCP is a promising tool for biomonitoring of occupational exposure to this carcinogenic solvent at lower levels (e.g. <1 ppm).

L-Arginine attenuates the ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis in ininephrectomized hypertensive rats: role of KIM-1, NGAL, and NOs

Background: Ethylene glycol (EG) exposure caused formation of calcium oxalate crystal that led to renal failure, which is associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. l-Arginine is known to have an antioxidant and nephro-protective potential. Objective: To evaluate the effect of l-arginine against EG-induced urolithiasis in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats. Material and methods: Uninephrectomized male Wistar rats (180–200 g) were used to induce urinary calculi through oral administration of EG (0.75%) in distilled water. Rats were treated with either distilled water (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or telmisartan (10 mg/kg, p.o.) or Cystone (500 mg/kg, p.o.) or l-arginine (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 days. Various hemodynamic, biochemical, molecular, and histological parameters were assessed in kidney and heart. Results: Rats treated with l-arginine (500 and 1000 mg/kg) significantly restored altered relative organ weight, urine output, urine density, urinary pH, and water intake. EG-induced alterations in electrocardiographic (QRS interval, HR, and ST height) and hemodynamic (SBP, DBP, MABP, and LVEDP) abnormalities were significantly restored by l-arginine (500 and 1000 mg/kg) treatment. It also significantly restored alteration in serum and urine biochemical parameters induced by EG. The elevated oxido-nitrosative stress was also significantly decreased by l-arginine (500 and 1000 mg/kg) treatment. It also significantly down-regulated EG-induced up-regulated renal KIM-1, NGAL, eNOS, and iNOs mRNA expressions. Histological aberrations induced in the renal and cardiac tissues were also ameliorated by l-arginine treatment. Conclusion: l-Arginine exerts its nephro- and cardio-protective potential in EG-induced urolithiasis in uninephrectomized hypertensive rats via modulation of KIM-1, NGAL, eNOS, and iNOs mRNA expression.

A novel way to monitor urine concentration: fluorescent concentration matrices.

The amount of water found in urine is important diagnostic information; nevertheless it is not yet directly determined. Indirectly, the water content in urine is expressed by its density (specific gravity). However, without the diuresis value it is not possible to determine whether the increase in density of urine is due to a decrease in water secretion or an increase in the concentration of secreted substances. This problem can be solved by the use of fluorescent concentration 3D-matrices which characterise urine concentration through the pφ (or -logφ) value of the first fluorescence centre. The urine fluorescent concentration 3D-matrix was created by the alignment of the synchronous spectra of the dilution series of urine starting from undiluted (pφ = 0) to 1000-fold diluted urine (pφ = 3). Using the fluorescence concentration 3D-matrix analysis of the urine samples from healthy individuals, a reference range was established for the value pφ, determining the normal, concentrated or diluted type of urine. The diagnostic potential of this approach was tested on urine samples from two patients with a chronic glomerulonephritis. The pφ value of the urine fluorescence concentration 3D-matrix analysis determines whether the urine sample falls within the normal, concentrated or diluted type of urine. This parameter can be directly utilised in sportsmen's hydration state monitoring, as well as in the diagnosis and treatment of serious diseases. An important advantage of this novel diagnostic approach is that a 12/24 h urine collection is not required, which predetermines it for use especially within paediatrics.

Desidratação e balanço hídrico em meia maratona

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de desidratação a partir do balanço hídrico e da Densidade da Urina (Du) em corredores de meia maratona. Participaram do estudo 18 indivíduos do sexo masculino. A ingesta hídrica foi "ad libitum" e realizou-se análise da Du no início e ao final da corrida, bem como medidas de pesagem e estatura. As condições ambientais (33,30 ± 5,30 ºC e 57,50 ± 13,60% de URA) foram registradas por meio de termo-higrômetro digital. Os indivíduos terminaram e começaram a prova desidratados, havendo uma diferença significativa no peso corporal (4,11%). Conclui-se que a ingesta hídrica "ad libitum" não foi suficiente para a manutenção do balanço hídrico.

Is there any relationship between sodium and depression?

Objective: Some authors have suggested that abnormalities in electrolyte metabolism can cause mood disorders. A few studies have demonstrated relationships between the metabolism of electrolytes and affective symptoms. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is any relationship between serum sodium levels and depression. Methods: The study sample consisted of 42 patients with depressive disorders who were consecutively admitted to the inpatient psychiatric service and 34 healthy control subjects. In the patients group, thirty-five patients (83.3%) had major depression, three (7.1%) had psychotic depression, three (7.1%) had catatonic depression and one (2.3%) had seasonal depression. The serum sodium and serum creatinine levels were measured in a blood sample before eating anything in the morning. Urine sodium, urine creatinine and density of urine were studied in the first morning spot urine sample. Results: Patients with depression had significantly lower serum sodium than healthy control subjects (p=0.04). No significant differences between the groups in terms of plasma creatinine, urine sodium, urine creatinine and density of urine. Conclusions: The present study suggest that there might be a relationship between serum sodium levels and depression.

Amides from Piper as a Diuretic: Behind the Ethnopharmacological Uses of Piper glabratum Kunth.

Several species of the genus Piper are known in Brazilian folk medicine as having diuretic activity. So, we propose to investigate the acute diuretic activity and the possible toxic effects of Piper glabratum Kunth, popularly known as false Jaborandi. Additionally, we propose to check whether there is any correlation between the biological activities of the crude extract (MEPG) and its 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy-trans-cinnamoyl-pyrrolidine (MMCP) in Wistar rats. The MEPG was fractioned by chromatography column and the MMCP was identified by analyses of 1H and 13C RMN spectral data and correlations. Both MEPG and MMCP were assayed for diuretic activity. The preparations obtained were orally administered in a single dose to rats. The urine excretion, pH, density, conductivity, and content of Na+, K+, Cl−, and HCO3 − were measured in the urine of saline-loaded animals. Additionally, acute toxicity of the extract was also evaluated. MMCP at doses of 30 mg/kg was able to increase the urine volume, pH, and HCO3 − excretion. Moreover, high dosage of MEPG showed important liver toxicity and elevated mortality when injected intraperitoneally. The results indicate that the MMCP shows important diuretic properties when administered in Wistar rats. Additionally, MEPG can induce important acute toxicity if given in high doses.

Primary polydipsia case presenting with severe malnutrition

Primary polydipsia is a clinical status with excessive fluid consumption without any physiological need A seventeen month old male infant with severe malnutrition and developmental retardation was found to have polyuria and polydipsia in the follow up The urine density was found to be 1001 Na was found to be 124 mEq L and the serum and urine osmolarity was found to be low The patient was diagnosed with primary polydipsia and was treated by gradual water restriction This case is presented to emphasize that primary polydipsia changes nutritional habits which may lead to malnutrition and developmental retardation Turk Arch Ped 2013; 48: 251 254

Role of prostaglandin/cAMP pathway in the diuretic and hypotensive effects of purified fraction of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart ex Reissek (Celastraceae)

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAlthough Maytenus ilicifolia is used in Brazilian folk medicine as a diuretic drug, no study has been conducted to this date in order to evaluate this ethnopharmacological statement. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate possible mechanisms involved in acute diuretic activity of the ethanolic supernatant of the infusion (SEI) obtained from Maytenus ilicifolia and to assess its relationship with a hypotensive activity by a bioassay-guided fractionation using normotensive Wistar rats. Material and methodsThe preparation obtained from the infusion (SEI) and their respective fractions (Fr·H2O and Fr·EtOAc) were orally administered in a single dose to rats. The urine excretion rate, pH, density, conductivity and content of Na+, K+, Cl− and HCO3− were measured in the urine of saline-loaded animals. Samples of the concentration of electrolytes, urea, creatinine, aldosterone, vasopressin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity were evaluated in collected serum. The hypotensive activity and the involvement of nitric oxide, bradykinin and prostaglandin/cAMP pathway in the hypotensive and diuretic effects were also determined. ResultsWater and Na+ excretion rate were significantly increased by Fr·EtOAc and the arterial pressure was significantly reduced, while the urinary excretion of potassium and chloride were reduced. Pre-treatment with indomethacin or DDA (2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine) significantly reduced the hypotensive and diuretic activity observed. All other parameters evaluated were not affected by any treatment. ConclusionThe present study reveals that Fr·EtOAc obtained from Maytenus ilicifolia may present compounds responsible for diuretic and hypotensive activities, and this effect, could involve the prostaglandin/cAMP pathway.

Urinary density measurement and analysis methods in neonatal unit care

The objective was to assess urine collection methods through cotton in contact with genitalia and urinary collector to measure urinary density in newborns. This is a quantitative intervention study carried out in a neonatal unit of Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, in 2010. The sample consisted of 61 newborns randomly chosen to compose the study group. Most neonates were full term (31/50.8%) males (33/54%). Data on urinary density measurement through the methods of cotton and collector presented statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.05). The analysis of interquartile ranges between subgroups resulted in statistical differences between urinary collector/reagent strip (1005) and cotton/reagent strip (1010), however there was no difference between urinary collector/ refractometer (1008) and cotton/ refractometer. Therefore, further research should be conducted with larger sampling using methods investigated in this study and whenever possible, comparing urine density values to laboratory tests.

Analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum using automated online sample preparation technique with high resolution benchtop orbitrap mass spectrometer

Urine contains an enormous amount of information. Well-standardized procedures for collection, transport, sample preparation and analysis should become the basis of an effective diagnostic strategy for urinalysis. As reproducibility of urinalysis has been greatly improved due to recent technological progress, preanalytical requirements of urinalysis have gained importance and have become stricter. Since the patients themselves often collect urine specimens, urinalysis is very susceptible to preanalytical issues. Various collection methods and inappropriate specimen transport can cause important preanalytical errors. In addition to the insurance of correct collection, the clinical laboratory should optimize transport and sample preservation. Errors due to variation in diuresis may be corrected by recalculating the results using dilution parameters (e.g. osmolality, creatinine, conductivity, urine density). Next to the use of a primary urine container, it is recommended to split the original urine sample into various smaller aliquots for morphological, microbiological and chemical analyses, decreasing the risk of contamination. The use of preservatives may be helpful for particular analytes. A universal urine preservative however does not exist. Preanalytical aspects are also of major importance for newer urinalysis applications (e.g. metabolomics).

Involvement of arginine-vasopressin in the diuretic and hypotensive effects of Pereskia grandifolia Haw. (Cactaceae)

Ethnopharmacological relevancePereskia grandifolia Haw. (Cactaceae), popularly known as “ora-pro-nobis” is well recognized in Brazilian traditional medicine as a diuretic agent, although no scientific data have been published to support this effect. The aim of this work is to evaluate the diuretic and hypotensive activities of the infusion (INFPG) and the ethanol extract (HEPG) of Pereskia grandifolia and possible mechanism of action. Materials and methodsThe infusions (2.5–10%) and the HEPG (3–100mg/kg) were orally administered in a single dose or daily (for seven days) to rats. The urine excretion rate, pH, density, conductivity and content of Na+, K+, Cl− and HCO3− were measured in the urine of saline-loaded animals. In collected serum samples the concentration of electrolytes, urea, creatinine, aldosterone, vasopressin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity were evaluated. The involvement of V2 vasopressin receptor in the diuretic activity and the hypotensive effect of HEPG were also determined. ResultsWater excretion rate was significantly increased by HEPG, while the urinary K+ and Cl− excretion was significantly reduced in acute and prolonged treatment. The oral administration of the HEPG (30mg/kg) significantly reduced serum levels of vasopressin and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in normotensive rats. All other evaluated parameters have not been affected by any treatment. ConclusionThe results showed that HEPG could present compound(s) responsible for aquaretic activities with no signs of toxicity, and this effect could involve a reduction in the arginine-vasopressin release.

Characterization of identity, metabolism and androgenic activity of 17-hydroxyandrosta-3,5-diene by GC–MS and a yeast transactivation system

Anabolic-androgenic steroids are frequently misused compounds in sports, and they belong to the controlled substances according to the requirements of the World Anti-Doping Agency. The classical techniques of steroid detection are mass spectrometry coupled to gas or liquid chromatography. Biological methods that base on the ability of substances to bind the steroid receptor are not applied in routine doping control procedures so far, but they appear to be useful for characterization of steroid androgenic potential. In this study we used the yeast androgen receptor reporter system (YAS), which in the past has already successfully been applied to both various androgenic substances and also urine samples. Giving attention to the androgenic potential of steroidal dietary supplements, we exemplified the analysis using both mass spectrometry techniques and the YAS-based assay on the product "Syntrax Tetrabol" which was a confiscated dietary supplement and marketed as a steroid precursor. Identification, structure and the kinetic behavior of its excreted metabolites were analyzed by NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. The androgenic potential of the parent compound as well as its metabolites in urine was evaluated with the help of the YAS. The application of urine samples with a previous deconjugation and the inclusion of urine density values were carried out and led to increased responses on the YAS. Further, the possibility of a complementary application of structure-based instrumental analysis and biological detection of androgenicity with the help of the YAS seems to be desirable and is discussed.

Association of past diseases with levels of cadmium and tubular dysfunction markers in urine of adult women in non-polluted areas in Japan

Whereas information has been accumulating on the association of anemia and other diseases with cadmium (Cd) burden, histories of past diseases of the examinees are often not taken in account when the results of health examination are evaluated for cadmium exposure-related health effects on general populations. The present study was initiated to examine the possible association of previous diseases with Cd exposure parameters, taking advantage of compiled data on adult women. Data were cited from previous publications of this research group on Cd, α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and urine density makers (i.e., creatinine and specific gravity) in the urine of more than 17,000 adult women in non-polluted areas in Japan. Information on previous disease history together with age and smoking habits was obtained by self-administered questionnaires, and 13,031 never-smoking women were selected for the present analyses. To compare the cases with disease history, control cases were randomly selected after stratification by 5 years of age at a ratio of one case to three controls from those with no disease history; summation for all age strata made up the control groups for the disease group in concern. The random sampling to set up control groups was repeated three times in total. The difference between the disease group and control groups was considered valid in cases the difference was statistically significant (p ≦ 0.05), in all three cases after correction (or non-correction) for urine density, and the same results were obtained when compared with the three different control groups. In the anemia group, Cd-U was higher over corresponding three control groups, although none of α1-MG-U, β2-MG-U or NAG-U showed significant changes. In the diabetes mellitus group, NAG-U was higher than in the controls, but such differences were not observed in Cd-U or β2-MG-U. The elevation in α1-MG-U was not reproducible. In the case of the hypertension group, the elevations in Cd-U, α1-MG-U, and β2-MG-U were observed, but changes in NAG-U could not be confirmed. In the analysis of dose-response relationship, the diabetes mellitus group showed increases in the slope for β2-MG-U and in the intercept for NAG-U. No changes in dose-response relationship were observed in other disease groups as compared with the corresponding control groups. Care should be taken in evaluating Cd-related health examination results for those with history of diseases such as hypertension, anemia and diabetes mellitus in particular.

1840 THE EFFECT OF COMBINED FUROSEMIDE AND INTRAVENOUS HYDRATION TO ESWL SUCCESS ON RENAL STONES

You have accessJournal of UrologyStone Disease: New Technology/SWL, Ureteroscopic or Percutaneous Stone Removal III1 Apr 20121840 THE EFFECT OF COMBINED FUROSEMIDE AND INTRAVENOUS HYDRATION TO ESWL SUCCESS ON RENAL STONES Salim Küçükpolat, Akin Soner Amasyali, Ugur Yücetas, Erkan Erkan, Gökhan Toktas, and Erdinc Unlüer Salim KüçükpolatSalim Küçükpolat Istanbul, Turkey More articles by this author , Akin Soner AmasyaliAkin Soner Amasyali Istanbul, Turkey More articles by this author , Ugur YücetasUgur Yücetas Istanbul, Turkey More articles by this author , Erkan ErkanErkan Erkan Istanbul, Turkey More articles by this author , Gökhan ToktasGökhan Toktas Istanbul, Turkey More articles by this author , and Erdinc UnlüerErdinc Unlüer Kars, Turkey More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.1928AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of diüresis during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment of renal calculi. METHODS From June 2009 - June 2010, 200 patients presenting with renal calculus were treated by ESWL (Siemens Modularis Vario Lithostar®) in Istanbul Teaching and Research Hospital enrolled the study. Shock waves were given at a rate of 90 shocks/minute with max. energy 5,5 KV. Patients were randomised into 2 groups. The first group was treated by standard ESWL and included 100 patients. The second group was treated with preoperative intravenous (IV) 20 mg furosemide administered 30 minutes before ESWL and hydration (1000 cc %0,9 NaCl) during procedure. Patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, congenital renal anomaly, who have hydronephrosis more than grade 1 and age under 18 were excluded. Failure of disintegration was defined as no fragmentation of the stone after three sessions or residual fragments larger than 4 mm after last session. Three months after last ESWL session outcomes were compared. RESULTS Maximum stone length was between 6 – 20 mm. There were no statistical difference in terms of age, maximum stone length, maximum hounsfield unit (HU), mean HU, skin-to-stone distance, urine density and pH between study and control group (Table 1). Clearance rates were 69% and 71% for control and study group, respectively (p=0,758) (Figure 1). Complications rates were similar and wasn't statistically significant (9% vs 6%, p=0,421). Also no significant difference was observed according to mean number of ESWL sessions, shocks per stone and mean admitted energy. CONCLUSIONS Although concomittan diuretic and IV hydration during ESWL is safe, inexpensive and feasible, present study did not find any difference for stone clearance. © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 4SApril 2012Page: e744 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Salim Küçükpolat Istanbul, Turkey More articles by this author Akin Soner Amasyali Istanbul, Turkey More articles by this author Ugur Yücetas Istanbul, Turkey More articles by this author Erkan Erkan Istanbul, Turkey More articles by this author Gökhan Toktas Istanbul, Turkey More articles by this author Erdinc Unlüer Kars, Turkey More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

A case series of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in a large Turkish family and review of the literature

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. We aimed to report a case series of Bardet-Biedl syndrome in a Turkish family and review the literature. This family had 3 females and 4 males, totally 7 alive; 2 children (1 female and 1 male) had died. Parents were consanguineous. The first was a birth of twins and female sibling of these twins had congenital anal atresia and died when she was three-month old. Third (30 yr), 4th (28 yr) and 9th (19 yr) alive siblings were obese, blind and diabetic. We detected truncal obesity, postaxial polydactyly, cognitive impairment and hypogonadism. Rod-cone dystrophy was detected in ophthalmic examination. With these typical clinical findings, BBS was diagnosed. There was also a male member of the family which shared the same features of his affected brothers but he had died while he was eight months old. Marked glycosuria was determined and urine density was 1021 g/cm3. There was not any further endocrinological abnormality. Fasting blood glucose levels were changing between 290 and 452 mg/dl and the last glycated hemoglobine levels (A1c) were 9.3%, 11.2% and 12.8%, respectively. Diabetes mellitus and obesity were treated with diet, exercise, multiple daily insulin injections and metformine at the dose of 2000 mg/d. Although it is an infrequent condition due to autosomal recessive transmission, consanguineous marriage may increase the risk of emergence of BBS. Genetic counseling is a very important issue in the family of patients with BBS, in order to prevent new cases.

Effect of long-term training on physical and hematological values in young female handball players

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of long-term handball training on physical and hematological variables in young female handball players. Thirty girls (12.58±0.51 year) from different schools and clubs, voluntarily participated in this study for handball training. We found significant differences at height, weight, standing long jump, seated medicine ball throw and 30 m sprint test parameters ( P 0.05 ). However, significant differences was found at aspartate aminotransferase (AST‐SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT‐SGPT), power of hydrogen (Ph), urine density, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet (PLT) values ( P<0.05 ). We found significant differences in hemoglobin (Hgb), creatine, fasting blood glucose, mean corpuscular volume (MCH), mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean platelet volume (MPV) values (P<0.001 ). Research findings were obtained by using paired t test. In conclusion, significant effects were observed in some physical and physiological developments of girls. Especially, the girls who were selected for handball achieved major degree at the end of young women's Championships.