This work focuses on the historical, cultural, and social significance of ancient hydraulic wheat mills in the Municipality of Matanza (Colombia) from a multidisciplinary perspective. It begins by providing historical context about wheat and its introduction to the Americas, particularly in Colombia, as well as discussing the relevance of mills in wheat flour production and their role in rural and urban society. We emphasize the historical and technological significance of the ancient hydraulic mills in Matanza, which harnessed the power of water to grind grains and produce wheat flour. Additionally, the document explores the general characteristics of the millstones used in these devices, including their shape, dimensions, and function in the milling process. Next, it is proposed that the millstones were made from intrusive igneous rocks from the Triassic-Jurassic magmatism and biotitic and possibly amphibolic gneisses belonging to the Proterozoic Bucaramanga Gneiss. Finally, this article addresses the importance of preserving the cultural heritage related to wheat production and artisanal milling in Matanza. It underscores the need to conserve this cultural legacy, revitalize wheat production in the region, and promote tourism and environmental education related to the geological and cultural heritage of the area.