Urban Shopping Research Articles

城市商圈周边的老旧住区“内生长”更新路径——以南京新街口为例

随着中国的城市化建设发展进入存量开发阶段,以调整城市内部功能结构、盘活优化存量空间为目标的城市更新成为城市发展的新常态。自上而下式的外向型扩张与盲目商业开发给城市发展和管理带来了粗放、低效等诸多问题。本文以位于南京新街口商圈周边的老旧住区为研究对象,提出基于产权、用地、人群等要素相互协调的“内生长”更新模式,通过弹性划分产权、协调利益分配、挖掘内部资源、盘活存量空间、多元主体参与等途径,创造激发社区内部活力的老旧住区更新路径。

Understanding tour operators’ perception and behaviour towards shopping streets: a qualitative perspective

PurposeThe importance of shopping streets has long been considered a critical aspect of urban tourism. However, limited exploration focuses on the supply side, especially from the tour operator’s (TO) perspective. This paper aims to investigate TOs’ perceptions and attitudes towards packaging Tuanku Abdul Rahman Street (TARS) as an urban shopping spot in Kuala Lumpur.Design/methodology/approachStudy data is gathered through qualitative in-depth interviews among 25 TO managers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The coding process was done manually, followed by qualitative data analysis using ATLAS.ti version 8 software.FindingsThe results show that the TOs regarded TARS as a must-visit shopping spot for international tourists. They argue that TARS’s competitiveness as a shopping street depends on the supporting infrastructure and safe environment, which are currently neglected by the relevant authorities and jeopardise the sustainability of TARS as a must-visit shopping street in the future.Practical implicationsThis study’s findings generate value-added information on the potential of shopping tourism and TARS as must-visit shopping streets in Malaysia. On the other hand, the TOs’ concern about the lack of supporting infrastructure and unsafe environment generates varying consequences and implications for the individual TOs, tourism policymakers and government-related authorities.Originality/valueThis study offers new insight for urban tourism policymakers, managers and entrepreneurs to capture the attributes of a vibrant shopping street. There is exclusive potential for local tourism operators to take greater responsibility in shopping tourism planning processes and management operations through trustworthy planning partnerships among respective tourism stakeholders related to the shopping street domain.

The space of the glazed window in nineteenth-century London

ABSTRACT During the nineteenth century, the widespread adoption of clear-glass windows facilitated the development of a new space of urban experience. The area immediately adjacent to the inside or outside of the glass window became an important venue in which the daily life of the city unfolded. Before the advent of industrially produced glass, urban shops and dwellings were either open or closed to the outside. The integration of glazed windows into the structures of nineteenth-century cities, however, created a new hybrid space of urban experience, allowing persons to be part of the outside life of the city, whilst simultaneously remaining physically separated from it.

Evaluating the influence of service quality, hedonic, and utilitarian value on shopper's behavioral intentions in urban shopping malls during the COVID-19 pandemic

Shopping malls are subjected to a lot of changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the Philippines. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of service quality, hedonic, and utilitarian value of malls on shopping mall goers' behavioral intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. SERVQUAL five dimensions were utilized to represent the service quality aspect, while utilitarian and hedonic values are used to embody the shopping mall values among Filipino citizens. Additionally, we included convenience and social experience as part of our model, to which relationships were assessed toward the utilitarian and hedonic shopping mall values, respectively. An online survey was distributed and collected 519 valid responses among Filipino shopping mall goers. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), results showed that for service quality aspect, tangibles, empathy, and assurance had significant effects on shopper's shopping mall satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, both shopping mall values present positive effects on shopper's satisfaction on which utilitarian value gave the strongest influence in the overall model, followed by the hedonic value. Convenience and social experience also showed positive effects on utilitarian and hedonic values, respectively. The utilized extended framework from SERVQUAL dimensions and hedonic and utilitarian values to measure satisfaction and behavioral intentions was seen to be applicable to measure human behavior and lifestyle studies. Overall, the satisfaction from both service quality and shopping mall values aspect strongly influences shoppers' behavioral intention in going to the mall.

Barriers and facilitators to adherence to national drug policies on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing in Bangladesh

BackgroundThe National Drug Policy in Bangladesh prohibits the sale and distribution of antibiotics without prescription from a registered physician. Compliance with this policy is poor; prescribing antibiotics by unqualified practitioners is common and over-the-counter dispensing widespread. In Bangladesh, unqualified practitioners such as drug shop operators are a major source of healthcare for the poor and disadvantaged. This paper reports on policy awareness among drug shop operators and their customers and identifies current dispensing practices, barriers and facilitators to policy adherence.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study in rural and urban Bangladesh from June 2019 to August 2020. This included co-design workshops (n = 4) and in-depth interviews (n = 24) with drug shop operators and customers/household members, key informant interviews (n = 12) with key personnel involved in aspects of the antibiotic supply chain including pharmaceutical company representatives, and model drug shop operators; and a group discussion with stakeholders representing key actors in informal market systems namely: representatives from the government, private sector, not-for-profit sector and membership organizations.ResultsBarriers to policy compliance among drug shop operators included limited knowledge of government drug policies, or the government-led Bangladesh Pharmacy Model Initiative (BPMI), a national guideline piloted to regulate drug sales. Drug shop operators had no clear knowledge of different antibiotic generations, how and for what diseases antibiotics work contributing to inappropriate antibiotic dispensing. Nonetheless, drug shop operators wanted the right to prescribe antibiotics based on having completed related training. Drug shop customers cited poor healthcare facilities and inadequate numbers of attending physician as a barrier to obtaining prescriptions and they described difficulties differentiating between qualified and unqualified providers.ConclusionAwareness of the National Drug Policy and the BPMI was limited among urban and rural drug shop operators. Poor antibiotic prescribing practice is additionally hampered by a shortage of qualified physicians; cultural and economic barriers to accessing qualified physicians, and poor implementation of regulations. Increasing qualified physician access and increasing training and certification of drug shop operators could improve the alignment of practices with national policy.

Shopping and Urbanity: Emerging Assemblages of Main Street, Mall, and Power Centre

ABSTRACT Car-dependent cities of the mid-late twentieth century transformed urban shopping as shopping centres became privatised and separated from urban life – traditional main streets were often replaced by suburban malls and then power centres (big-box clusters). We identify 13 emerging synergies between these retail types and critique the ways the synergies may foster or endanger urban public life. This evidence suggests contradictory trends: a return to urbanity with more fine-grained, mixed-use, and pedestrian-friendly shopping, juxtaposed with anti-urban tendencies of entrenched car-dependency and sophisticated private control. The role of planning in creating resilient urbanity is at stake.

Using a data-driven marketing strategy on customer relationship management: an empirical case of urban coffee shops in Taiwan

PurposeNowadays, the agricultural business environment is expended to the whole world. Transaction records in point of sales and customer relationship management (CRM) systems can be large-scale data for long-established global chain businesses. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to using a proposed data mining approach to discover valuable markets/customers of urban coffee shop industry (retailer) in current environment of Taiwan, which can implement the industry's data-driven marketing strategy on a CRM system.Design/methodology/approachIn this research approach, Ward's method, C5.0 decision tree and a proposed model are applied for discovering valuable markets and mining useful customer rules.FindingsThese found markets and discovered rules can be applied on marketing information or CRM system for identifying valuable customers and target markets.Originality/valueIn this study, the CRM system can be the media for the data-driven marketing strategy in environment of Taiwan. The approach of this research can be applied on other businesses for their data-driven marketing strategies as well.

The environmental product variety and retail rents on central urban shopping areas: A multi-stage spatial data mining method

This study examines the relationship between various measures of environmental product variety and retail rents in central urban shopping areas. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based detailed survey database, this research identified 34 layers of environmental product variety in the most representative single-centred shopping areas of the six largest cities in Taiwan. This research extracted layers of product variety and other measures of product variety, such as the number of layers of product variety above each point of interest, the density, the Core/Periphery factor scores, the Shannon entropy index, the Simpson diversity index and the Herfindahl–Hirschman index of each street line buffer area. The proposed method was used to generate three-dimensional maps of the rent gradient and the extracted core and periphery layers of product variety. Thus, a tool was developed for examining the variety features from various angles. The results showed that, in general, the higher the product variety, the higher the rents. Nevertheless, the scores for the core and periphery of the environmental product variety were the dominant determinants; street line buffer areas can only have lower rents if they lacked the correct (i.e. the core layers) environmental product variety, even if they have higher measurements of other variety features.

Risk Assessment of Aflatoxins in Maize-Groundnuts Complemen-tary Foods Consumed by Ghanaian Infants

Background: Complementary foods are given to infants when breast milk alone becomes insufficient in meeting their nutritional needs. The major objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of Aflatoxins (AFs) in Weanimix complementary foods purchased from shops in Accra (Ghana), and to estimate risk of liver cancer development in infants. Methods: In total, 32 samples of Weanimix were purchased from shops in Accra, an urban centre and analyzed for AFs by Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). Previously published data on levels of AFs in Weanimix prepared in rural households were also collected. The data was analyzed to estimate infants’ daily exposure to AFs as well as the risk of liver cancer development. Results: AFs levels of 18.8% of samples were above the maximum permitted limit of 10 µg/kg. The minimum and maximum levels of total AFs detected in all samples were 2.51 and 98.87 µg/kg, respectively with a mean value of 16.43 µg/kg. Exposure assessment showed that the minimum and maximum daily AFs exposures were 0.044 and 2.805 µg/kg bw/d, respectively for Weanimix from rural households; these rates for Weanimix purchased from urban shops were 0.014 and 0.55 µg/kg bw/d, respectively. The chances of liver cancer development would increase to 0.6 per year if infants were fed on Weanimix prepared in rural households with minimum AF level of 7.9 µg/kg. Conclusion: The infants fed on Weanimix prepared in rural households would be at a higher risk of AF exposure and liver cancer development than infants fed on Weanimix purchased from urban shops of Ghana.

Caracterización de la escorrentía superficial de la microcuenca El Estero, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica

Se ilustra la magnitud del patrón espacial y temporal de acumulación y dirección de la escorrentía en la microcuenca de la quebrada El Estero, en San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Esta microcuenca presenta un 30% de uso rural, con pastos, café, charrales y viviendas aisladas. En contraste existe un 70% de uso urbano, caracterizado por viviendas, comercios, fábricas y otros servicios. Cuando llueve, las aguas escurren por el pavimento en las calles, aceras y la alta presencia de techos, hacia los caños, alcantarillas, carreteras y por ende hasta el cauce principal de la quebrada. Por medio de información climática, cartografía y análisis hidrológicos es calculado el escurrimiento de la microcuenca El Estero.

Genius loci of shop houses in urban area: A case study in urban secondary cities in Sumatera Utara

Generally, Shop houses in urban area appear dominantly, because it is very rational in term of economic and financial such as “cost and benefit analysis”, is that absolutely right? These believed is a kind of simplification of the main issues in term of modernist and materialistic philosophy, since the local culture and the local architecture has been totally denied. A number of method has been applied to found and to identified local urban vernacular architecture. One among them is research on shop houses which socially adaptable with individual life of modern society but also accommodate the social aspect of local traditional life. This research basically is using qualitative method and focused on genius loci in shop houses in urban secondary cities in Sumatera Utara, where local culture and local architecture is still dominant. In this research Brastagi city in Karo regency will be posed as a study case. There is the main hypothesis on the spread of shop houses into the urban secondary urban cities because the shop houses have the great potential to make an adaptation with local culture and local architecture. In fact, the problems in this study is very wide, consequently, although research focused on architecture, other discipline has to be discussed namely philosophy and anthropology. With these method, the research revealing why the local peoples can adapt themselves socially and culturally with the shop houses. A number of research has focused on genius loci by using qualitative methods in order to find genius loci in architecture of Urban Shop Houses in Karo.

Identification of Potential Over-Supply Zones of Urban Shopping Malls: Integration of Crowdsourced Data and Weighted Voronoi Diagram

ABSTRACTThe market saturation issue of urban shopping malls has attracted considerable attention in China in recent years. In order to rapidly identify potential over-supply zones and inform policy-makers, this study developed a new model by integrating a weighted Voronoi diagram and crowdsourced data. The model was then tested in the city of Hangzhou, China. First, crowdsourced data such as user reviews of shopping were collected to measure the weights of malls. Second, by using population and floor space as parameters, an over-supply index was established for over-supply zone delimitation. This study offers a fast and low-cost approach for measuring consumption activities at a fine scale, and shows the merits of integrating classical analysis models and big data. Moreover, long-term user reviews and recommendation datasets with timestamps could be used to monitor the status of market health. From a bottom-up perspective, the market boundary map and over-supply index could constitute an important database for policy formulation through crowdsourced data.

Fear dynamics in public places: a case study of urban shopping centers

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relationships among some important factors and perceived personal safety in public places, using Nigerian urban shopping centers as case studies. Following the evidence from previous studies, the present study hypothesizes that individual characteristics influence perceived personal safety in shopping centers, and users’ perceived safety is affected by the shopping centers’ environmental attributes.Design/methodology/approachTwo shopping centers were selected as cases for the study. Systematic sampling technique was used to select participants. Respondents were asked to answer closed-ended questions pertaining to environmental-design satisfaction, socio-economic and demographic characteristics and shopping center use. In total, 784 users participated in the survey. However, only 440 users properly completed the interview: 219 from Aleshinloye and 221 from Gbagi. Environmental design, socio-economic and demographic characteristics and shopping center use are independent variables, whereas perceived safety is a dependent variable. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis and Man–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests.FindingsResults show that fear of crime is the most important factor, explaining 28.16 per cent of the total variance in perceived safety. Nevertheless, findings show that demographic factors have a significant impact on perceived safety as well. There is also a strong association between perceived safety and the use of shopping centers, as Aleshinloye, which is perceived safer, has been more frequently used than Gbagi. Furthermore, environmental design appears as a significant factor for perceived safety in shopping centers, as users of Aleshinloye’s facilities have a better perceived safety from crime, better way-finding ability and more environmental-design satisfaction than users of Gbagi.Practical implicationsThe study recommends the provisions of design or security precautions that prevent the fear of crime and improve way-finding capacity and environmental-design satisfaction in urban shopping facilities. Specifically, it is important to have environmental security precautions such as closed circuit televisions, good and functional lighting and private security staff, especially for women and the elderly, in urban commercial centers as these precautions could enhance their sense of personal safety.Originality/valuePrevious studies on shopping centers’ security have mainly concentrated on the relationship between fear of crime, perceived safety and associated factors. No studies to date have explored how way-finding ability affects perceived safety of users of shopping centers. This study contributes to the existing literature, revealing way-finding anxiety to be another important dimension of perceived safety in urban shopping centers.

IMPACT OF SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION ON LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT IN PROVINCE ASWAN USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS - STUDY OF ANTHROPOLOGY

The social construction of the population is a cornerstone in the treatment of man with the land, and the more we can understand the components of social construction of the population, and must understand the components of this building, to support the positive and negative evaluation of it, the study aims to address the impact of social construction of the population on patterns of land use, Such as the study of the social construction elements of the population in Aswan Governorate, the changes that have taken place, the reasons for this change, and the study of the effect of the social construction of the population on the patterns of land use in Aswan Governorate. The study was based on a sample of (1000) single, 45 of which were damaged, and 43 were not delivered by the participants. The number of valid forms was 912, and the student used the anthropological approach, the historical approach, the direct interview. The study showed that there is an inverse relationship between the level of education and the encroachment on the land. The distribution of urban shops in the governorate was affected in part by the nature of the social structure of the population. The urban shops spread in the form of small contiguous spots, some of which belong in close relations, to preserve the privacy of the social life of the population. The study indicates that there are differences between the encroachment on the agricultural lands and the lands of the state's private lands in terms of area and activity and the nature of the transgressor itself. The encroachment is dominant and influential, and the social construction of the population has been influenced by the immigration factor, Economic development of the country, The study shows that immigrants of low scientific backgrounds are active in recreational and service activities and refrain from industrial activities. The governorate suffers from a quantitative and qualitative shortage in agricultural education. The center also has no colleges (for agriculture, tourism and hotels, archeology) Educational and labor market requirements. Based on the findings of the study and its findings, the study presented recommendations including - Dissemination of awareness programs about the importance of protecting the land from encroachment and its impact on development plans. - Establishment of colleges (for tourism and hotels - the effects - for agriculture), and interest in the dissemination and development of technical schools. - Establishment of marketing entities for agricultural products to benefit from the early maturity of crops.

A framework for studying the impact of outdoor atmospherics in retailing

The design of retail stores and shopping environments is critical to attracting customers and maintaining profitability. Over the years, research on retail design and atmospherics has been almost completely focused on store interiors. This research shortfall is unfortunate given the increasing focus of savvy retail managers on brand building and the creation of sustainable competitive advantage through exterior store architecture, outdoor lifestyle centers, and urban shopping districts. In order to stimulate research in this important, yet under-researched topic area, we synthesize literature from a number of domains and provide a conceptual framework that examines the impact of outdoor atmospherics on shoppers’ psychological and behavioral responses. After presentation of this framework, we discuss implications for practice and potential avenues for future research.

A User-Friendly Shopping Street

The primary concern of this paper is to identify the relationship between attributes under physical qualities and activities that contribute to the user-friendly street. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is used in the early stages to gather information about the interrelationships among variables. The Cronbach’s Alpha (α) value was used to determine the level of reliability through the internal consistency for each factor. The result for the validity of all construct achieved Alpha (α) value exceeding 0.70. This research found that there are positive correlation between safety with comfort and convenience, safety with accessibility, and accessibility with comfort and convenience

Vendor-based restrictions on pesticide sales to prevent pesticide self-poisoning - a pilot study

BackgroundIn South Asia, up to 20% of people ingesting pesticides for self-poisoning purchase the pesticide from a shop with the sole intention of self-harm. Individuals who are intoxicated with alcohol and/or non-farmers represent 72% of such high-risk individuals. We aimed to test the feasibility and acceptability of vendor-based restrictions on pesticide sales for such high-risk individuals.MethodsWe conducted a pilot study in 14 (rural = 7, urban = 7) pesticide shops in Anuradhapura District of Sri Lanka. A two-hour training program was delivered to 28 pesticide vendors; the aim of the training was to help vendors recognize and respond to customers at high risk of pesticide self-poisoning. Knowledge and attitudes of vendors towards preventing access to pesticides for self-poisoning at baseline and in a three month follow-up was evaluated by questionnaire. Vendors were interviewed to explore the practice skills taught in the training and their assessment of the program.ResultsThe scores of knowledge and attitudes of the vendors significantly increased by 23% (95% CI 15%–32%, p < 0.001) and by 16% (95% CI 9%–23%, p < 0.001) respectively in the follow-up. Fifteen (60%) vendors reported refusing sell pesticides to a high-risk person (non-farmer or intoxicated person) in the follow-up compared to three (12%) at baseline. Vendors reported that they were aware from community feedback that they had prevented at least seven suicide attempts. On four identified occasions, vendors in urban shops had been unable to recognize the self-harming intention of customers who then ingested the pesticide. Only 2 (8%) vendors were dissatisfied with the training and 23 (92%) said they would recommend it to other vendors.ConclusionsOur study suggests that vendor-based sales restriction in regions with high rates of self-poisoning has the potential to reduce access to pesticides for self-poisoning. A large-scale study of the effectiveness and sustainability of this approach is needed.

Towards a genealogy of urban shopping: types, adaptations and resilience

ABSTRACTThis typological account of the urban morphology of shopping presents a diagrammatic genealogy of urban retail types from traditional markets, streets and plazas through various adaptations and mutations into the contemporary shopping mall and power centre. This genealogy shows an increased car-dependency, privatized and centralized control, and disintegration from urban life. Many cities have been transformed by contemporary retail types that are less walkable, equitable, productive and resilient than those from which they were derived. The challenge lies in the invention of new retail types with potential for re-integration into more resilient forms of urban development.

Exploring the status of retail private drug shops in Bangladesh and action points for developing an accredited drug shop model: a facility based cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe private retail drug shops market in Bangladesh is largely unregulated and unaccountable, giving rise to irrational use of drugs and high Out-of-pocket expenditure on health. These shops are served by salespersons with meagre or no formal training in dispensing.MethodThis facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken to investigate how the drug shops currently operate vis-a-vis the regulatory regime including dispensing practices of the salespersons, for identifying key action points to develop an accredited model for Bangladesh. About 90 rural and 21 urban retail drug shops from seven divisions were included in the survey. The salespersons were interviewed for relevant information, supplemented by qualitative data on perceptions of the catchment community as well as structured observation of client-provider interactions from a sub-sample.ResultsIn 76% of the shops, the owner and the salesperson was the same person, and >90% of these were located within 30 min walking distance from a public sector health facility. The licensing process was perceived to be a cumbersome, lengthy, and costly process. Shop visit by drug inspectors were brief, wasn’t structured, and not problem solving. Only 9% shops maintained a stock register and 10% a drug sales record. Overall, 65% clients visited drug shops without a prescription. Forty-nine percent of the salespersons had no formal training in dispensing and learned the trade through apprenticeship with fellow drug retailers (42%), relatives (18%), and village doctors (16%) etc. The catchment population of the drug shops mostly did not bother about dispensing training, drug shop licensing and buying drugs without prescription. Observed client-dispenser interactions were found to concentrate mainly on financial transaction, unless, the client pro-actively sought advice regarding the use of the drug.ConclusionsMajority of the drug shops studied are run by salespersons who have informal ‘training’ through apprenticeship. Visiting drug shops without a prescription, and dispensing without counseling unless pro-actively sought by the client, was very common. The existing process is discouraging for the shop owners to seek license, and the shop inspection visits are irregular, unstructured and punitive. These facts should be considered while designing an accredited model of drug shop for Bangladesh.

Retail revolution and the village shop, c. 1660–1860

AbstractVillage shops have been largely overlooked in the recent literature on British retailing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which has sought to redefine the parameters and timing of retail transformation. While urban shops have been explored in detail, often in ways that highlight their role in a parallel transformation in consumption patterns, little attempt has been made to look inside village shops or examine the character and practices of rural retailers. This article addresses this lacuna and offers fresh insights into the shifting position of village shops in these broader economic, business, and social changes. Taking a long view of the period c. 1660–1860, it draws on a wide range of sources to examine the stock sold and the degree of specialization exhibited by village shops, and the changing trading practices of village shopkeepers, including the provision of credit, the pricing of goods, and marketing activities. In doing so, the article highlights both long‐term continuities and important innovations of the type that also characterize urban shops, and argues that village shops, while central to rural social and economic networks, were also intimately bound into broader retail systems.