Urban Regeneration Projects Research Articles

Towards collaborative planning: deliberative knowledge utilisation and conflict resolution in urban regeneration in South China

Urban regeneration in post-reform China has become a fertile ground for the transition towards collaborative planning, which serves as a powerful tool for managing conflicts and addressing complex urban challenges. This article aims to delve into the micro-level processes that underpin the emergence of collaborative planning in practical urban regeneration projects in China. By shedding light on these micro-level processes of conflict resolution, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of how collaborative planning is implemented within the Chinese authoritarian context. Deliberative knowledge utilisation is intricately interwoven with the process of problem framing, exerting a significant influence on how conflicts are approached and ultimately resolved. We employ framing analysis as an analytical approach to demonstrate how problem framing is shaped by deliberative knowledge utilisation and is discursively constructed, drawing on empirical studies of the contentious Enning Road case in Guangzhou. Regarding the problem framing related to the legitimacy of demolition and planning, institutional knowledge pertaining to planning leg islation and administrative procedures was intentionally wielded by the media and local residents to challenge the legitimacy of demolition. Concerning the problem framing related to the preservation of historic buildings, local knowledge was actively harnessed and deliberately employed by residents and the media to underscore the historical and cultural significance of the neighbourhood. Regarding problem framing centred on resistance to resettlement and eviction, residents intentionally incorporated institutional knowledge when composing and submitting petition letters. These three lines of problem framing, grounded in deliberative knowledge utilisation, significantly impact power dynamics and facilitate the incremental transition towards collaborative planning, which emerges as a gradual process marked by experimentation and the resolution of conflicts.

What keeps urban areas from declining? Comparison of before and after effects of the urban regeneration project for the Busan city in South Korea

What keeps urban areas from declining? Comparison of before and after effects of the urban regeneration project for the Busan city in South Korea

지방 소도시 도시재생사업 추진방안 연구

This study reviewed the system and policy direction of the urban regeneration project currently being promoted, and analyzed the residents' perception of the urban regeneration project in small local cities.
 Although the recent urban regeneration policy is in the direction of avoiding non-physical software projects such as resident capacity building, the purpose of urban regeneration projects is to revitalize the region through integrated promotion of non-physical projects along with physical projects such as maintenance projects. If the software business is completely excluded and the regeneration business is promoted, it is thought that there will be many difficulties in actual regional revitalization through the business.
 In addition, in the case of local eup/myeon units, the conditions for promoting urban regeneration projects in many aspects, such as the number of local populations and aging, are very different from those in the metropolitan area and urban areas. It is considered that it should be applied somewhat differently.
 Therefore, this study tried to find out the parts that need to be supplemented when promoting local regeneration projects by reviewing the current urban regeneration project promotion method from an institutional perspective such as legal guidelines. In addition, through an empirical analysis of residents' perceptions of the Hapcheon-eup urban regeneration project district, we analyzed the matters that should be applied differently from the urban regeneration project in the metropolitan area when promoting the urban regeneration project in the local area, and thus for the future urban regeneration policy of small local cities. It is intended to be presented as a reference.

서울시의 소방 및 범죄분야 지역안전지수 향상 방안

This study aimed to propose a political alternative for improvement of local safety level index by making an in-depth analysis on the publicly-announced ratings and various sub-indicators connoted in the hidden side of the ratings focusing on the firefighting and crime prevention of Seoul Metropolitan City out of 6 fields shown in the local safety level index announced publicly by the Ministry of the Interior and Safety.
 As a result of detailed analysis on the local safety level index of Seoul, the field of firefighting which was rated 4 turned out to be relatively vulnerable as the index exceeded or fell short of national average value for more than 1 year in the number of participants who attended Sososim(fire extinguisher, fire hydrant, CPR) such as the number of service providers related to warehouse and transportation, ratio of firefighting policy budget per 10,000 of population as compared with the base year.
 And the field of crime prevention was rated 3 in the local safety level index but as for 8 sub-indicators for the year 2022, index such as the number of 5 major crimes occurrence rate per 10,000 of population, the number of bars per 10,000 of population, stress detection rate, the number of police stations per 10,000 of population, the number of crime-prevention CCTV per 10,000 of population, the number of safety house per 10,000 of population and the number of voluntary crime prevention group members per 10,000 of population exceeded or fell short of national average value, so everyone’s effort for improvement is considered necessary.
 Therefore, political plans for improvement of local safety level index in the field of firefighting and crime prevention of Seoul Metropolitan City out of local safety level index are First, improvement of relevant laws and institutions is considered necessary. A detailed plan for the foregoing includes establishment of a tentative name「Ordinance on Supporting Management and Improvement of Local Safety Level Index 」, creation and expansion of safety control tower and organization through reorganization of safety organization of Seoul.
 Second, vulnerable indicators of local safety level index in firefighting and crime prevention must be improved. As a plan for the aforementioned, creation of firefighting safety by service providers related to warehouse and transportation, support for enhancement of ability for firefighting safety for old houses, expansion of budget for firefighting policy of Seoul and expansion of Sososim education of Seoul for firefighting are considered necessary.
 For improvement of vulnerable indicators in crime prevention, the result shows that political improvement such as improvement of crime-inducing environment of area where bars and adult entertainment establishment are congested, request for extension of local police stations through consultation with Seoul Metropolitan Agency, expansion of CCTV and application of CPTED method through the connection with urban regeneration project, expansion of psychological support system, extended operation of safety house, revitalization of operation of voluntary crime prevention groups for the citizens of Seoul is urgently necessary.

How to promote urban regeneration projects? An area-wide portfolio selection approach considering interaction effects and multiple objectives

Urban regeneration is a crucial approach in addressing urban decay and improving the urban living environment. However, the viability of urban regeneration projects (URP) is largely determined by their investment value. This makes it challenging to promote non- or low-profitable URP in many cases. Lacking sufficient market value, such projects tend to rely heavily on limited public resources, which can be a significant burden on society. To address this issue, it is necessary to establish an appropriate area-wide project portfolio selection approach to comprehensively plan and implement URP. Previous studies have focused on single project scales and failed to consider project interdependencies and the multiple objectives of URP. Therefore, this study develops a multi-objective optimization approach for URP portfolio selection that integrates project interdependencies and multiple objectives into a comprehensive mathematical model. The NSGA-II and the TOPSIS are used to obtain trade-off solutions from the Pareto-optimal set. The approach is utilized to a case of Chongqing, China, showcasing its effectiveness in guiding decision-makers towards an optimal URP portfolio that maximizes sustainable benefits. This approach provides new insights into the balance between functional adaptability, resource sustainability, and land utilization efficiency in urban built-up areas.

Effects of Tax Incentive Policies for Land Use on Local Socioeconomic Conditions: A Case of Tax Policies for Urban Regeneration Projects in Republic of Korea

South Korea has implemented several housing urban regeneration projects (URPs) and offers various tax incentives to support these efforts. However, the reality is that there is insufficient empirical evidence to determine whether these incentives have a socioeconomic impact on URPs. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of tax incentives related to urban regeneration projects (URPTAX) on local socioeconomic factors, such as Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), aging housing reduction, and housing prices. Fixed-effect models and cost–benefit analysis methods were employed in the study. The results demonstrate the following outcomes. Firstly, URPTAX positively contributes to an increase in GRDP, a decrease in the proportion of aging housing, and an increase in housing price fluctuations. However, the effectiveness of these effects varies between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. Therefore, this study suggests the significance of providing stronger tax incentives for housing URPs in non-metropolitan areas to encourage active projects and foster balanced regional development in South Korea.

Assemblage urbanism: the role of heritage in urban placemaking

PurposeThe paper explores the potential value of urban assemblage theory as a conceptual framework for understanding the role heritage has in social sustainable urban placemaking. The authors conceptualise urban placemaking as a dynamic and complex social assemblage. Heritage is one of the many dimensions of such a complex and dynamic urban assembly. Based on the approach to urban assemblage theory, the authors aim to uncover how postindustrial city-making unfolds. When approaching the case studies, the authors ask the following: Whose city for which citizens are visible through the selected case studies? How is social sustainability achieved through heritage in urban placemaking?Design/methodology/approachThe main research material is derived from theoretical literature and the testing of an assemblage methodological approach through three Norwegian urban regeneration case studies where heritage partake in urban placemaking. The three case studies are the Tukthus wall (what is left of an 19th century old prison), the Vulkan neighbourhood (an 19th century industrial working area) and Sørengkaia (an 19th century industrial harbour area) in Oslo, Norway. The three case studies are representing urban regeneration projects which are common worldwide, and not at least in a European context.FindingsThe paper reveals the dynamic factors and processes at play in urban placemaking, which has its own distinct character by the uses of heritage in each of the case study areas. Placemaking could produce “closed” systems which are stable in accordance with its original functions, or they could be “open” systems affected by the various drivers of change. The paper shows how these forces are depending on two sets of binary forces at play in urban placemaking: forces of “assemblages” co-creating a place versus destabilising forces of “disassembly” which is redefining the place as a process affected by reassembled placemaking.Research limitations/implicationsFor research, the authors focus on the implications this paper has for the field of urban heritage studies as it provides a useful framework to capture the dynamic complexity of urban heritage areas.Practical implicationsFor practice, the authors state that the paper can provide a useful platform for dialogue and critical thinking on strategies being planned.Social implicationsFor society, the paper promotes the significance in terms of fostering an inclusive way of thinking and planning for urban heritage futures.Originality/valueThe paper outlines dynamics of urban regeneration through heritage which are significant for understanding urban transformation as value for offering practical solutions to social problems in urban planning. The assemblage methodological approach (1) makes awareness of the dynamic processes at play in urban placemaking and makes the ground for mapping issue at stake in urban placemaking; (2) becomes a source for modelling urban regeneration through heritage by defining a conceptual framework of dynamic interactions in urban placemaking; and (3) defines a critically reflexive tool for evaluating good versus bad (heritage-led) urban development projects.

Critical cartographies for assessing and designing with planning legacies: the case of Jaap Bakema’s Open Society in ‘t Hool, the Netherlands

ABSTRACT The Open Society appeared as a concept in planning discourse at the Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM XI). It attempted to create urban conditions which would allow society to prosper. Despite its good theoretical intentions, the project did not always translate well into practice. We observe that historic approaches and tools have tended to be neglected in urban regeneration projects and discussions, yet we think that they can bring valuable urban transformations. This paper therefore considers the extent to which historic planning tools and theories can be useful for assessing built projects to provide fresh approaches for urban renovation. This paper will reappraise the concept of the Open Society empirically by analysing, critiquing, and imagining its relevance in twenty-first-century planning projects and discourse. This research uses a mostly qualitative approach through critical cartographies as a main medium and to draw conclusions that highlight the power relations in the Dutch neighbourhood of ‘t Hool (Eindhoven) as well as the local conditions and materials that can enable them to plan for a more resilient future. We aim to bridge the gap between theory and practice through a methodology that allows for a broader and deeper understanding of place, history, potentials, and urgencies.

Considering urban regeneration policy support: Perceived collaborative governance in cultural heritage-led regeneration projects of Korea

Can public engagement and collaborative governance contribute to policy support? In this study, we evaluate how perceived collaborative governance influences policy support in the context of urban regeneration projects. Focusing on the South Korean city of Mokpo, with its cultural heritage-led neighborhood regeneration areas, our work examines residents’ perceptions of urban regeneration policies and collaborative governance using a survey research design. Our results suggest that satisfaction with aspects of urban regeneration policy attributes, those of an economic nature, significantly influence policy support. Further, higher levels of perceived collaborative governance, which includes community engagement in the regeneration process, also significantly impact regeneration policy support.

도시사업 참여 지역주민의 공간인지에 관한 연구 – 익산시 도시재생사업구역을 중심으로

도시사업 참여 지역주민의 공간인지에 관한 연구 – 익산시 도시재생사업구역을 중심으로

Reviving Urban Greening in Post-Industrial Landscapes: The Case of Turin

This paper explores the strategies for reviving urban greening in post-industrial landscapes through nature-based solutions (NbSs). The case of Turin was selected to investigate peri-urban farming practices at the old FIAT premises in the Mirafiori Sud area. Starting in the 2010s, the City of Turin launched new urban regeneration projects to transform degraded post-industrial landscapes into creative urban living labs (ULLs) for experimentation. The data were collected by reviewing the literature available from public sources, including project documents (deliverables, public reports, MOOC content, scientific articles, etc.). Interviews and focus groups with policymakers (municipality), volunteers (NGOs), and inhabitants were carried out to gather insights as primary sources. A qualitative thematic analysis was adopted to determine how NbS can be a force for enhancing multi-functionality in post-industrial areas by incorporating ULLs and green tourism as a co-creation model to connect with nature. The results showed that (1) Mirafiori Sud became a remarkable hub for co-creation projects to foster the transformation of brownfields into experimentation sites capable of hosting sustainable and inclusive solutions, (2) regenerative art practices in shared spaces play a crucial role in community engagement, (3) the support for urban agriculture initiatives could improve the ability of cities to provide alternative food (and cultural) networks. In sum, NbSs drive change in urban landscapes and promote green tourism via agricultural production.

Exploring Influential Factors for Decision-Making in Urban Development: Urban Heritage Protection and Displacing Living Communities

Rapid urbanization is one of the main characteristics of the 21st century. Urban systems are critical in creating urban displacements during such rapid processes. In most cases, urban displacements are triggers and catalysts of some urban crises, generating extra obstacles and pitfalls to humanitarian and sustainable development in urban areas. One of the major impacts of the rapid urbanization process is the process of urban house displacement. In historic and heritage cities, towns, or villages, we see the trend of displacing urban homes as a result. In the name of urban heritage protection, cities and towns/villages are converted into large-scale open-air museums, where the local residents are often evicted. To understand the connections and interactions between urban house displacement and urban heritage protection, this study explores key influential factors of decision-making in the directions of urban development, using the grounded theory for cause extraction and categorization and providing political implications for urban planning and regeneration projects. The case studies for this brief study are three cities of Dali, Lijiang, and Shangri-La in western parts of Yunnan Province, China. This paper utilizes mapping studies of the heritage sites of these three cities based on the surveys conducted in July 2022. Issues of urban regeneration and displacement scenarios are observed, assessed, and discussed for us to open up further debates on what causes the displacement of local residents in such contexts.

The Eternal Struggle for the City: In Search of an Alternative Framework for Citizen Participation in Urban Regeneration Projects in Shrinking Cities

The relevance of citizen participation in regeneration projects, particularly in shrinking cities, is widely acknowledged, and this topic has received a great deal of policy and academic attention. Although the many advantages of citizen participation in regeneration projects have been identified, its current forms have also received considerable criticism. In short, this criticism boils down to the conclusion that the ideal of citizen participation is not put into practice. This paper considers why this is the case, asking whether current participatory practices enable citizens to exercise influence as political actors in urban regeneration projects. In this paper, we examine this question based on Mouffe’s conception of the political, coupled with findings from our empirical research conducted in Heerlen North, The Netherlands. We conducted qualitative research on urban regeneration in the shrinking old industrial city of Heerlen. The findings reveal two distinct perspectives on citizen participation. Professionals see the existing context of citizen participation as a reasonable and practical but, in some respects, insufficient practice. Citizens’ views on participation are organized around feelings of anger, shame, and fear and are grounded in experiences of a lack of recognition. These experiences limit citizens’ abilities to exert true influence on regeneration projects. We conclude that efforts to regenerate shrinking cities should strive to recognize these experiences so as to create conditions that generate respect and esteem and, as such, enable urban social justice.

Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Buildings for Sustainable Urban Regeneration: Two Case Studies from India

In the era of globalization, developing existing cities into smart cities while providing a higher quality of life to the citizens is one of the strategies in many countries. In the process, many traditional settlements and cultural heritage are being demolished without respecting their values. In fact, these heritage buildings could be easily re-used. However, a proper approach is essential in ensuring their relevance in urban regeneration projects. Undeniably, cultural heritage should be preserved with their values. One of the ways to do so is through adaptive re-use, i.e., reusing the existing building for contemporary use, making it a part of sustainable architecture. Appropriately, the reuse of heritage buildings or materials therein saves much of the embodied energy. This will help improve access to clean energy and encourage adoption of low-carbon energy assets. The concept of adaptive reuse of different buildings has been successfully implemented in many countries. This paper examines the issue of multifaceted challenges in adaptive reuse, emphasizing the need for informed decisions based on in-depth assessments. The paper seeks to understand the compatibility of new functions with the physical and historical integrity of heritage structures, the conservation of embodied energy inherent in these buildings, and the pivotal role of stakeholders in driving successful adaptive reuse projects. It employs a mixed-method approach using case studies, stakeholder surveys, and heritage building analyses to determine best reuse solutions. The study shows how adapting old buildings saves energy and the environment by comparing them to new buildings. It concludes revealing the current efforts to provide ways of such reuse of heritage buildings based on several sustainable benchmarks and valuable considerations.

실천공동체 관점에서 본 캠퍼스타운 사업의 역할과 한계

This study examines the cases of 369 Village and Hansung University through the lens of the ‘community of practice’ framework. The research aims to identify the role, achievements, and limitations of the campustown project in Seoul. The analysis of these cases sheds light on the significance of collaborative efforts between universities and local communities in regional regeneration initiatives. Additionally, the study underscores the pivotal role played by the Seoul Campustown Project in fostering public engagement in the urban regeneration process. The case of cooperation between Hansung University Campustown and 369 Village will be an important example for the campustown project in Seoul and community cooperation project with universities and regions, and can be used as an example to overcome the limitations of urban regeneration projects and suggest alternatives.

Building resilient communities in Slave Island: mapping collective memories through cognitive mapping

This study explores community resilience and the relationships between the built environment and memories of an urban neighbourhood using cognitive mapping as a research tool. This correlation acts as a tool that holds communities together and it is important to acknowledge them to enhance the social sustenance and resilience of those communities. However, these relationships are being disrupted through the urban regeneration projects of Colombo causing displacement, the discontinuity of identity, and the erasing of history and memories of inner-city communities, further resulting in gentrification. The research focuses on the contested neighbourhood of Slave Island as the case study area where the urban landscape has gone through drastic changes to make way for urban development projects. The study explores features in the built environment that hold collective memories to preserve and recreate them using cognitive mapping as a research tool. Six distinct residents were asked to produce a cognitive map of Slave Island and each map was analysed through a theoretical framework to understand them in terms of built environment and memories. The findings indicate that shared spaces, typologies, landmarks, public spaces, and paths have a strong association on shaping the collective memories of the residents.

The social return on investment of an urban regeneration project using real-world data: the Connswater Community Greenway, Belfast, UK

ABSTRACT Previous research has illustrated the role of urban green and blue spaces in improving the economic, social, environmental, and health-related outcomes of urban populations. The Connswater Community Greenway is presented as a case study to assess the social value of an urban regeneration project. Using real-world data from two time points (2012 and 2017), our analysis focussed on eight key elements: property values; flood alleviation; tourism; biodiversity; climate change; health and wellbeing; crime; and employment and productivity. Using social return on investment analysis, we estimated the value of the Connswater Community Greenway over a 40-year horizon. The total value was estimated to be between £56.8m and £67m. After subtracting the costs (£42.2m), the net present value of the Connswater Community Greenway was £14.6m - £24.8m. The benefit-cost ratio was 1.34 – 1.59, meaning that for every £1 invested in the Connswater Community Greenway, the local economy gains between £1.34 and £1.59. Overall, the Connswater Community Greenway will provide a positive return on investment which will be realised after 30 years. Social return on investment analysis provides a framework for the incorporation of many multifunctional benefits of urban green and blue spaces into economic evaluation, providing a more complete analysis of value.

마을경관에 따른 공동체 의식 변화 분석 - 전주한옥마을을 중심으로 -

In the village, the community consciousness of members appears as a landscape characteristic according to the passage of time. In addition, when the landscape of the village is stabilized, the relationship between members is strengthened. Urban villages change and become outdated depending on social conditions. So, it investigates and analyzes the landscape data of the village and the status of the community. The Jeonju Hanok village, which is the subject of the study, was restored from an slum urban village through urban regeneration projects. The village is a tourist attraction with more than 10 million tourists. However, as the commerce in the village was strengthened, the function of the village was weakening. Also, the existing village landscape was changing for commercial purposes. The current village is in a situation where the restored landscape can be changed again. Therefore, efforts are needed to maintain the landscape of the village and restore its function. Jeonju Hanok village needed a member's perspective, not a resident's perspective. Lastly, the relationship between members can be strengthened only when the village landscape is stable.

Walkability for children in Bologna: Beyond the 15-minute city framework

The current research work is based on an extended spatial analysis executed through the application of GIS, aiming at assessing the level of walkability in the city of Bologna (Italy). In particular, the research focused on walkability for children (aged between 5 to 13 years old), as they experience the city differently than adult pedestrians, since they are more vulnerable to road accidents and they need proper infrastructures to freely play outdoors and walk independently. The GIS analysis was based on a series of location-based data retrieved from different open source repositories and focused on the level of usefulness, comfort, safety, and attractiveness of Bologna for child pedestrians. The proposed Walkability for Children Index was aimed at identifying the neighborhoods characterized by the lowest level of pedestrian friendliness in relation to the childrens needs while walking. Results helped to identify and characterize a short list of suitable areas where to prioritize interventions focusing, for example, on guaranteeing the presence of relevant public services within a walkable distance of 15 minutes from place of residence and on the implementation of urban regeneration projects through the tactical urbanism approach.

도시재생의 마을관리사회적협동조합 활성화에 관한 연구

In order to continuously generate revenue for cooperatives, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has presented business models by sector and type, but unlike the direction of self-sustaining businesses and the will of residents, most of them are public facility management and public service projects, making sustainable business difficult. situation. In order to solve this, it is necessary to prepare and utilize the space that can be owned by the concept of citizen property through institutional and legal improvements so that the village management social cooperative can purchase assets within the urban regeneration project site. It is necessary to recognize that it is a citizen asset and inspire a sense of ownership so that a successful urban regeneration project can continue even after the regeneration project is completed, so the village management social cooperative must take the lead in investing in local regeneration that guarantees asset investment and citizen participation. In addition, by nurturing experts (citizen asset managers) for citizen asset development and granting a certification system, it is required to act as a participation leader for the vitalization of village management social cooperatives. It was suggested that it should be reflected and proceeded.