The notion of urban as well as its usages has moved beyond the conventional sense of the term. Urban studies explore into the variegated periphery of a city within the larger areas of an urban settlement. This paper has dealt with governance issues of the sanitation, cleanliness, and health effect upon poor urban communities in Kolkata. Similarly, there has been increasing recognition of community participation and community-based organizations (CBOs) in improving overall governance and accountability in the health sector. This is because community participation is considered a key to public health and central to fight any epidemic/pandemic that is experiencing the globe at present. Thus, the importance of active community participation has been highlighted in various forms from many theoretical perspectives like human development, good governance, decentralized planning etc. This research work has dealt with the details in the management and governance of basic services especially clean water and sanitation and their health effect in poor urban people in Kolkata, the capital city of the state of West Bengal, India.