Urban Planning Activities Research Articles

METHODOLOGY OF REGIONAL PLANNING OF SOUTHERN SIBERIA

The article is devoted to questions of the sustainable development of a large territory in the southern part of Siberia, including such administrative subjects as Altai, the Kemerovo region, the Republic of Khakassia, the Republic of Tuva, the Irkutsk region and the southern part of the Krasnoyarsk region. The urban planning activity on large space uses exceptional natural landscapes, recreational conditions, natural resources due to controversy between the participants (government, investors, inhabitants). Each participant has priorities and aims at establishing his own building regulations. Different concerns intersect in one territory, which determines a three-dimensional lattice of urban development with located points, nodes (cities and villages), natural and transport axes. Therefore, urban contradictions should be considered as a factor determining the direction of the territory development.

Совершенствование геодезического обеспечения в строительстве с учётом зон тектонических нарушений и применения топоцентрических координат

During the construction and operation of buildings and structures, it is extremely important to ensure the accuracy of their geometrical parameters in nature. At the same time, accuracy requirements are constantly increasing. At the same time, studying such issues as consideration of geological factors, for example, consideration of the structural features of the buildings and structures foundations has remained virtually in the same state for decades. In the guidelines for observing the deformations of the basements and foundations of buildings and structures the earth’s surface is taken as homogeneous array, and it is recommended when observing deformations, to carry out laying initial benchmarks for industrial and civil objects at a distance of 50–100 m. A number of studies show that a homogeneous array should be considered as a special case. In fact, in the construction of various objects, heterogeneity of the soil massif in the form of stratification, as well as the presence of zones of tectonic disturbances are often encountered. The latter, in the form of faults and geopathic zones, are already taken into account in urban planning activities, medicine, and other areas. Without taking them into account, the creation of a geodetic center base during construction can lead to significant errors, due to the uneven deformation of the structure near fault zones. There is a need to assess the impact of these zones during construction and their consideration when creating a geodetic center base. Here it is necessary to emphasize the fact that ensuring the removal of the structure’s geometrical parameters into nature is the task of the geodetic service in any circumstances. The next important point in construction is to minimize the error of projecting geocentric coordinates onto a plane. This is especially true when using satellite coordinates. In the traditional approach, the coordinate basis for construction is normatively oriented to the use of the Gauss-Kruger projection. With extended objects in the latitudinal direction and remoteness from the axial meridian of the six-degree zone, the use of this projection causes transformation errors. When creating a geodesic framework according to satellite coordinates determinations, it is highly advisable to use local to-center topocentric flat surfaces, which allow a significant reduction in the distortion of the transformation. The authors discuss the solution of identified issues and provide specific examples.

The settlements public spaces formation basic concepts in the southern Russian region

The new Town Planning Code determined the urban planning activities fundamentals restructuring in the modern conditions of our country, which is reflected both in urban planning theory and in urban planning practice. Not only the urban planning documentation content, but also the approach methods to solving the urban problems have been changed [1]. At the same time, the town-planning policy in our country is consonant with modern approaches in the European states urban planning, in particular, to a wider landscape approach in the practice of designing and building urban settlements, known as “landscape urbanism”.

Construction Management in Ukraine

The main course of urban planning activities and land use in Ukraine is to ensure the sustainable development of locality. Legislation in Ukraine defines the main directions, tasks and contents of urban development activities, subjects and their powers, functions. the emergence of many owners of real estate property, including the land, a large number of economic entities, who make their own decisions and have moved to the local territory planning level the focus of the managerial impacts on the operation and development of urban planning systems. In this regard, the local territory planning and management of buildings have problems that are associated with opposite views on local development of potential investors and the public. The management of the city, in particular its construction, should be implemented based on a spatial complex model. The article presents the problematic issues connected with the implementation of city-planning policy in the country. The ways of solving these problems are proposed, by improving the existing model of building management. Effective management of urban development involves knowledge of complete and reliable information about the processes taking place in the city, the availability of mechanisms for balanced consideration of the proposals of investors and the public during urban planning.

WOODEN CHURCHES OF KRASNOYARSK IN THE 17–18th CENTURIES

The article presents a study of Krasnoyarsk churches, built in the first two centuries of the existence of the fortress-city. The research results are based on the analysis of archival materials of the country. Architectural transformations of the Russian cities in the 17–18th centuries are the least filled pages of the historical chronicle of Siberia, which determine the need for further study of previously known and newly identified documentary sources which provide the most complete information on architectural and urban planning activities in that period. The construction of the first temples and some architectural features of religious buildings of Krasnoyarsk in the 17–18th centuries are described.

«PRESERVATION» AND «ENSURING PRESERVATION» IN THE DESIGN OF IMPROVEMENT AND GREENING OF CENTERS OF HISTORICAL CITIES

The urgency of the problem of comprehensive improvement and greening of the centers of historic cities has increased with the «May» decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin in 2018. Howev-er, the scientific foundations, methodology and design methodology of improvement does not take into ac-count the peculiarities of historical cities, the need to preserve architectural monuments, landscape and gar-den-garden art, valuable urban planning and natural environment. Evaluation of projects implemented in 2010-2018, own design experience in the historical territories of Moscow confirmed that many of the pro-ject’s shortcomings are due to the lack of special regulatory and methodological documents for design. The current GOST regulates the composition and content of works for the preservation and facilitation of the modern use of cultural heritage sites that are works of landscape and landscape art. For ordinary ob-jects of improvement in the centers of historical cities located in protective and protective zones, in the united protective zones, a design technique is necessary taking into account the status and features of such territo-ries according to the current legislation. According to the experience of designing in Moscow, most of the projects of comprehensive landscaping are areas that do not have the status of cultural heritage sites, and ordinary public spaces, landscaped and near-house areas of 0.5–2.5 hectares, located within the boundaries of protected, protected areas, including the united security zone of the historical part of Moscow established within the boundaries of the Kamer-Kollezhsky Val. Often, small parks, squares, boulevards in various functional areas, small public spaces ad-jacent to subway exits are being developed. For a comprehensive improvement and greening of the city center of historic cities, a systematic ap-proach is important – not only the preservation of cultural heritage sites, valuable urban planning, land-scape and natural environment based on the status and mode of use of territories established in accordance with Federal Law No. 73-FZ «Heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation». Within the boundaries of cultural heritage sites, there should be a «conservation» mode, in pro-tected areas and in protected zones, a «security preservation» regime of cultural heritage sites. The prospects for the use of integrated improvement and landscaping as a special type of urban plan-ning activity and means providing a socially and environmentally oriented solution of the issues of regenera-tion of the centers of historic cities are considered.

Water Issues in Urban Space on the Example of the City of Częstochowa

Searching for and creating new “places” in a narrow urban space has become a need to compensate for the space deficit. The attempt to redefine place often involves renewal and revitalization of cultural spaces. The author presents three elements of urban space, the common feature of which is the water factor. The example of park areas, riverside areas and the city square presents a different scale, function and approach to the use of water in creating space. Water element occurring in the discussed areas may be a direct result of local and natural conditions. It can also be the result of human activity and technologies used by them. The city of Częstochowa has so far used the potential of the river and water as an element of industrial infrastructure. The presence of water in the city was associated with its servile role in industry. When discussing selected areas, the author presents changes that have occurred over the years. It presents the evolution in the approach to the use of the water element when creating a recreational space. The current revitalization activities carried out within the city focus on the use of the potential of water, regardless of the scale of activities. An example may be the renovation of the area around the lagoon, the restoration of riverside areas near to the city or the modernization of city squares with enrichment by a water element. Urban spaces in the form of small squares, squares, riverside boulevards, riverside baths accumulate and unload the pace of life in the city, becoming its integral element. The urban planning activities in the inner city areas force the architects to develop innovative solutions in the way of managing tight intermingling spaces.

El potencial de la percepción social aplicada al análisis de la vulnerabilidad en planificación urbana

Today, the role of the social perception of urban space is scarce in the documents that guide the adequate integration of the urban development of cities. A better understanding of the influence of social relationships within the city allows new knowledge to be brought to the underlying mechanisms of vulnerability and social exclusion in the urban space. This work focuses on studying the relationship between the quantitative approach of current urban vulnerability reports and a qualitative approach based on social perception, developed within the framework of the Social Risk Map of Zaragoza (Spain) research project between 2014-2017. The cartographical analysis shows that the risk of social isolation is not greater unequivocally in the areas currently characterized as vulnerable and reveals the importance of this type of research for city and urban planning activities.

General (Master) Plans Of Settlements Under New Conditions

The duration of preparation, approval and ratification of draft master plans of settlements, especially cities of Federal importance, objectively constrains investment and construction processes. The search for opportunities to accelerate the transition from strategic development to the real formation of material and spatial conditions in the form of placement and construction of objects for various purposes is a relevant methodological and organizational task of the state level. The goals, objectives and content of various types of strategic and territorial planning, planning of territories, urban zoning and preparation of urban plans of land plots as an information integrated chain of hierarchy of documents regulating urban planning activities in the administrative-territorial entities are considered. The mechanism of integration of information about the initial, planned and design state of the functional and planning organization of the architectural and spatial environment, which may reveal the possibility of general acceleration of the transition from the design and permit documentation to the physical allocation of sites and construction of objects is proposed. It is concluded that the development of the project process in the field of urban development on the basis of new information technologies will obviously require adjustments to the legislative acts of the Federal and regional levels, which will provide the necessary speed of implementation of the tasks of investment development of social, transport, municipal and industrial infrastructure of the country.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПЛАНОВ И ПРОГРАММ ДЛЯ ИРАКА

The interaction of architectural, urban planning activities and the natural environment is manifested at all hierarchical levels and its results need to be foreseen. The role of strategic environmental assessment is closely related to the concept of sustainability, since it is a tool that identifies the environmental impact of plans and programs implemented in the territory. The study examines the role of strategic environmental assessment in achieving sustainability of plans and programs at the international level, and concentrates on the problems of strategic environmental planning in Iraq. Strategic environmental assessment is a comprehensive process for assessing the impact of plans and programs on the environment. The previous studies have shown the effectiveness of using methods of strategic environmental assessment in promoting the comprehensive development of the territory; the ability of the public to participate in the assessment of environmental and social aspects of policies, plans, and programs. The purpose of the strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is to eliminate disproportions in the development of territories. A comparison of SEA and environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been carried out. In Iraq, strategic environmental assessment has been found to be a relatively new phenomenon. Its use in strategic planning of the territory will contribute to increasing the sustainability of development in Iraq, its application will be efficient in the country and its regions, and will ensure public participation in this process.

Databases And Algorithms For The Calculation And Planning Of Resettlement Of Residents Under The Renovation Program

The socially significant part of the renovation program – resettlement of residents from demolished houses is considered. The principles of resettlement of residents are established by administrative documents of the government of Moscow. There are types of provision of living space: equal; smaller with payment of compensation; with a large number of rooms with surcharge. To manage the resettlement process, the following tasks are formulated: determination of the main initial waves of resettlement and additional resettlement, formation of the required apartment layout for resettlement. In order to solve these problems, algorithms, which are implemented in the module of information and analytical system of urban planning activities management, have been developed. The created module is successfully used in practice, including to check the feasibility of resettlement options, search for options for resettlement in the reserves of new buildings, setting tasks when designing the parameters of the apartment layout of buildings under construction, and search for the optimal sequence of resettlement.

O estudo dos componentes do ciclo hidrológico desde métodos tradicionais até o uso de sensoriamento remoto: uma revisão

O crescimento populacional acelerado acarreta a ampliação de ambientes urbanos, trazendo impactos ambientais como a supressão da vegetação e aumento de áreas impermeáveis, os quais afetam diretamente a qualidade e disponibilidade da água. Sendo assim, é importante para o planejamento urbano a pesquisa e o levantamento de informações sobre os componentes do ciclo hidrológico nas cidades, a fim de possibilitar a tomada de decisão e estabelecer medidas mitigadoras de impactos presentes e futuros. Os componentes do ciclo hidrológico se dividem basicamente em áreas de interceptação da água da chuva, áreas de infiltração e áreas de escoamento superficial. Cada um deles desempenha uma função específica no ciclo da água em determinada região. Os pesquisadores se utilizam de técnicas clássicas/tradicionais ou mais recentes a depender do objetivo da pesquisa a ser desenvolvida. O presente artigo reúne e apresenta informações relevantes a respeito dos métodos utilizados para a pesquisa dessas áreas e traz o sensoriamento remoto como ferramenta útil, a qual tem a capacidade de levantar informações de forma rápida e eficaz, como alternativa de mapeamento e monitoramento dos elementos do ciclo hidrológico em ambientes urbanos.

Anatomy of Place-Making in the Context of the Communication Processes: A Story of one Community and one Square in a Post-Socialist City

Abstract The article presents a discussion on the anatomy of place-making within the framework of the communication processes against the background of social order in a post-socialist city. The main aim of the text is to look at the social mechanisms of place-making processes “under the microscope”. The place-making activities are very often associated with planning and urban design. However, behind that planning veil is the social world of urban neighbourhood communities. In the article we propose, the social communication and participation processes are among the key factors responsible for creating urban spaces. We are presenting a place-making case study, using the example of Asnyk Square in Poznań. In this context, we are analysing social attitudes and social communication, which took place in the course of the place-making processes and influenced urban planning activities. The discussed case is complicated and provides no easy solutions.

Legal issues of the development of resorts and medical and recreational areas regulation

The paper discusses the problems of legal regulation of development of resorts and medical and recreational areas in the Russian Federation and suggests ways to further improve legislation in this sphere. The relevance of the topic is due to the prevailing unsystematic development of the territories of most resorts in Russia, which leads to an increase in anthropogenic pressure on resort ecosystems, degradation of natural medicinal resources, deterioration of the ecological and sanitary-epidemiological condition of the territories of resorts and health-improving areas. The author shows the importance and features of the organization of development of resorts and medical and recreational areas to ensure their sustainable development, analyzes the existing urban planning legislation in the part relating to the construction of resorts, reveals problems of regulation and implementation of urban planning activities in the resorts. The priority role of territorial planning in the regulation of reasonable development of resorts is justified taking into account the peculiarities of their functioning and further development.

Local site effects estimation at Amatrice (Central Italy) through seismological methods

We present the results of seismological and geophysical investigations performed by the “Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia” team operating in Amatrice village (Central Italy), in the emergency phases following the Mw 6.0 event of August 24th 2016, that caused severe damage in downtown and surrounding areas. Data from seven seismic stations equipped with both weak and strong motion sensors are analyzed in terms of standard spectral ratio to empirically define amplification function using a bedrock reference site. Ambient vibration spectral ratios between horizontal and vertical component of motion are also evaluated in a large number of sites, spread out in the investigated area, to recover the resonance frequency of the soft soil outcropping layers and to generalize the results obtained by earthquake data. Ambient noise vibration are also used for applying a 2D array approach based on surface waves techniques in order to define the near-surface velocity model and to verify its lateral variation. The results allows to better understand the amplification factors in the investigated area, showing spatial variation of site effects despite of the homogeneous shallow geological condition indicated by the microzonation studies available at moment of the described field campaign. The analysis reveals a diffuse amplification effect which reaches its maximum values in downtown area with a resonant frequency of about 2 Hz. The obtained results were used to integrate the microzonation studies and they can be used for urban planning and reconstruction activities.

Coordination of the professional activities in the management system of urban development

The relevance of the scientific research is the need to create a coordinating system that ensures the unification of the interests of the participants of urban planning activities (scientists, planners, designers, authorities, investors, educational institutions, residents) for the organized performance of professional functions.The purpose of creating such a system is to make the actions of the participants of urban planning activities coherent when making decisions based on a unified approach to the development of diverse planning concepts for the development of the territorial-spatial structure of the settlements that effectively take into account the socio-economic and environmental conditions for the development of society. To develop the coordinating system, the system analysis method was used, including a differentiated and comprehensive account of the patterns of interconnection between the components of the model of the structural organization of the settlements when carrying out urban planning activities in accordance with the urban planning policy.

Institutional support for spatial planning of the amalgamated territorial communities

The paper defines the nature of “spatial planning”, the problems of its legal definition in the domestic legal field and supplication in practical planning activity. The range of concepts close by nature to “spatial planning” that are approved by national regulative documents and sued in scientific research are outlined and systematized, including: «urban planning activity», «planning of territorial development», «spatial planning», etc. The provisions of legal maintenance of urban planning at local level for consolidated territorial communities (CTCs) are explained. The level of provision of the CTCs of local level with urban planning documentation is assessed and perspective documents of spatial planning provided by the Law №6403 are analyzed. The paper proves the close connection between urban planning documentation and strategic planning at local level displayed in regulative documents and reveals the weak institutional maintenance of their realization mechanism and limited urban planning monitoring functions. The paper emphasizes the need for synchronization of legal changes at various levels of implementation of urban planning activity as far as mutual alignment and making of efficient management decisions can lead to stimulation of rational spatial development and further to more efficient local self-governance reform. The paper argues that the CTCs’ territorial planning schemes elaborated by territorial communities are not the documents of local laval, but rather of the regional one. They are poorly adjusted to other regulative documents of urban planning and land management, therefore there is the need for unification and final approval of the new list of integrated spatial planning documents at local level, modernization of spatial planning instruments at local level, standardization of approaches to their development and implementation based on the standards of similar documents in the practice of spatial planning in the EU countries. Improvement of institutional maintenance of spatial planning at local level through attraction of civil expert councils to the practice of documents elaboration and creation of an authority on urban planning and architecture in the structure of CTC council executive committee are suggested.

МОРАЛЬНІ ТА ПРАВОВІ НОРМИ, ЯК РЕГУЛЯТОРИ МІСТОБУДІВНИХ ВІДНОСИН В УКРАЇНІ

The article examines the influence of non-material factors (morality and law) on city-building relations, which ensure the organization and ordering of social relations. The need to reconcile the needs and interests of an individual on the one hand and groups of people from the other condition the consideration of law and morality in urban planning. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the process of a civilization organization, among all other features, is characterized by the phenomenon of urbanization. Creating and developing cities is the key to the development of society and the form of satisfaction of certain types of material goods. Legal regulation – is the right to social relations with the help of certain legal means, first of all, the rules of law. In the conditions of formation in Ukraine of the foundations of a legal state, the role and importance of legal regulation of urban development law becomes of particular relevance. In the context of our study it is worth paying attention to a number of common features in the regulation of legislation in the field of urban planning and public relations. It is believed that legal regulation does not apply to those spheres of social existence that are not subject to external control. In these conditions, the categories of morality and law, being closely interconnected, affect the consciousness of the person who is the final customer and the object on which the city-building relations are directed. The consideration of categories of morality and law in the process of urban development is important given that they are examples of customary and written norms that vary in different ways in urban planning legislation, regulate land relations, planning and building up areas. Urban planning legislation, its main disadvantage is the unregulated areas of influence at the state, regional and local levels. Actually the lack of legislative provision in the field of urban planning, makes the adoption of a major array of decisions at the local level.It was established that legal regulation applies to all social relations, including the sphere of city-planning legislation, but at the same time law is not able to subordinate certain types of social relations of people to its requirements, whereas morality, provides an individual approach to each legal norm. Determining the influence of moral norms on urban planning is conditioned by the fact that the urban area is primarily related to land use, and the land is the main blessing and property of man, especially Ukrainian.Non-material factors such as law and morality are key in the process of shaping city-building legislation in the 21st century, and their inclusion in urban planning activities will allow for the formation of a harmonious urban environment that will take into account not only the practical needs of man but also the spiritual, ecological, etc.

Features of the integrated development of the territory of the settlement

Since the city is a historically developed complex system, the development of its territory in the existing buildings requires a detailed study and consideration of all the features of the territories within the boundaries of the element of the planning structure (quarter, microdistrict) or its parts. Urban planning activity in the city is carried out in accordance with the developed and approved urban planning documentation. In the process of exercising the authority by the municipality in the field of urban development, when changing strategic directions, setting new tasks, and changing the economic situation, it becomes necessary to amend the urban planning documentation. The presence of a set of documents of territorial planning and urban planning zoning allows to increase the investment attractiveness of the city territory, ensures transparency of adopted urban planning decisions, on the basis of which, any interested person can choose the direction of development of a particular territory. Therefore, the development of the urban environment should be carried out in a comprehensive manner, taking into account all areas of development and features of the territory and take into account the changes arising in the process of urban planning, including in urban planning documentation.

Legal framework of border infrastructure development

The paper emphasizes that development of border infrastructure according to standards and requirements of international standards is one of the major tasks of the measures taken to increase transit capacity of border areas. Therefore, the issues of border infrastructure development should be one of the priority tasks of both central and local authorities. Nowadays, although there is a range of regulative, legal and strategic documents developed to support the functioning of border infrastructure, they need improvement oriented on new requirements and European integration course of Ukraine. The paper aims to analyze regulative, legal and program documents to develop border infrastructure, reveal problem and controversial points in them and suggest recommendations regarding their elimination. Special attention is paid to analysis of the range of legal, regulative, strategic and program documents to support the development of border infrastructure. In the first place, they are the documents that regulate the activity in cross-border cooperation, spatial development and territorial planning, transport activity and transport networks functioning as well as regulative acts regarding the activity of state border service and border crossing points, etc. Among the analyzed documents are the Laws of Ukraine “On Cross-Border Cooperation”, “On General Scheme of Planning of the Territory of Ukraine”, “On Regulation of Urban Planning Activity”, “On Automobile Roads”, “On the Sources of Funding of Road Economy of Ukraine”, “On Concessions to Build and Maintain Roads”, “On Public-Private Partnership”. Moreover, a range of documents of strategic nature, which substantiate the place of border infrastructure in implementation of long-term priorities of Ukraine’s development and defines the perspectives of its modernization, is analyzed, namely 2020 State Regional Development Strategy, Concept of Creation and Functioning of National Network of International Transport Corridors in Ukraine, State Border Service Development Strategy, 2030 National Transport Strategy of Ukraine, Concept of Reforming of Transport Sector of Economy, Concept of State Targeted Law Enforcement Program “2020 Development and Reconstruction of State Border”. Program documents of border infrastructure development support are also analyzed, namely 2016-2020 State Program of Cross-Border Cooperation Development and 2018-2022State Targeted Economic Program of Public Automobile Roads Development.