«PRESERVATION» AND «ENSURING PRESERVATION» IN THE DESIGN OF IMPROVEMENT AND GREENING OF CENTERS OF HISTORICAL CITIES

Abstract

The urgency of the problem of comprehensive improvement and greening of the centers of historic cities has increased with the «May» decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin in 2018. Howev-er, the scientific foundations, methodology and design methodology of improvement does not take into ac-count the peculiarities of historical cities, the need to preserve architectural monuments, landscape and gar-den-garden art, valuable urban planning and natural environment. Evaluation of projects implemented in 2010-2018, own design experience in the historical territories of Moscow confirmed that many of the pro-ject’s shortcomings are due to the lack of special regulatory and methodological documents for design. The current GOST regulates the composition and content of works for the preservation and facilitation of the modern use of cultural heritage sites that are works of landscape and landscape art. For ordinary ob-jects of improvement in the centers of historical cities located in protective and protective zones, in the united protective zones, a design technique is necessary taking into account the status and features of such territo-ries according to the current legislation. According to the experience of designing in Moscow, most of the projects of comprehensive landscaping are areas that do not have the status of cultural heritage sites, and ordinary public spaces, landscaped and near-house areas of 0.5–2.5 hectares, located within the boundaries of protected, protected areas, including the united security zone of the historical part of Moscow established within the boundaries of the Kamer-Kollezhsky Val. Often, small parks, squares, boulevards in various functional areas, small public spaces ad-jacent to subway exits are being developed. For a comprehensive improvement and greening of the city center of historic cities, a systematic ap-proach is important – not only the preservation of cultural heritage sites, valuable urban planning, land-scape and natural environment based on the status and mode of use of territories established in accordance with Federal Law No. 73-FZ «Heritage (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation». Within the boundaries of cultural heritage sites, there should be a «conservation» mode, in pro-tected areas and in protected zones, a «security preservation» regime of cultural heritage sites. The prospects for the use of integrated improvement and landscaping as a special type of urban plan-ning activity and means providing a socially and environmentally oriented solution of the issues of regenera-tion of the centers of historic cities are considered.