Urban Modernity Research Articles

Conceptual clarifications on some terms related to the modernization of the villages of Wallachia in 1831-1858: systematization, regularization, alignment

The research undertaken here focuses on the urban modernization of the villages of Wallachia from the period of the Organic Regulation (1831-1858). It intends to specify the semantic sense of the terms by which this modernization is expressed: systematization, regularization, alignment. For this, I do the analysis of archival documents and works related to the systematization of villages. The study identifies specific limitations and definitions by the authors' field of activity and specifies the semantic evolution of the term systematization with reference to the regulatory period. The research and its conclusions allow a better understanding of the process of modernization and Europeanization through which the Romanian space and by extension, the South-Eastern European space went through in the first half of the 19th century. With clear concepts we have a right definition of the entire historical process.

The Ambivalence of Urban Modernity and Marginality: The Making of Abadan Under the Anglo-Persian/Iranian Oil Company

The discovery of oil in Masjed Soleyman, Iran, in 1908 prompted the foundation of the British-owned Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC), and the construction of a massive refinery in Abadan in the southwest. It also sparked astonishing industrial and urban development in the region. Within a span of fifty years following the discovery of oil, Abadan developed from a small tribal village to one of Iran’s major modern industrial cities. This study examines how the rapid modern transformation of Abadan under the management and control of APOC influenced the everyday lived experiences of the local population. As a typical colonial company town of the era, Abadan’s patterns of industrialization, urbanization, and modernization became archetypes for other oil cities in Iran and the Middle East. Shaped by dependence on a single commodity, the architecture and urban planning of Abadan reveals hierarchies of economic, social, and political domination. Using the oral histories of Iranians familiar with the period and the area, this research argues that early twentieth-century company towns in Iran such as Abadan served as rhetorical instruments, which foreign-owned companies and their hired architects and planners used to impose specific visions of modernity upon subaltern or indigenous populations.

Economic Valuation of Bukit Kiara Federal Park using the Hedonic Pricing Approach

Urban Green Space (UGS) is a part of urban modern cities living. The significance of the UGS has been outlined in Sustainable Development Goals 11 and 15. Nevertheless, the economic benefits of UGS are often overlooked due to a lack of understanding of their monetary value. This study estimates the economic value of Bukit Kiara Federal Park using the hedonic pricing model. The estimation was conducted by regressing the prices of 599 properties surrounding the park. The change in house pricing could estimate the marginal implicit price which represented the economic value of the park due to the change in its distance to the park (environmental attribute). The results show that reducing the distance by 100 meters increases the house price between RM1,800 and RM54,000 indicating the economic value of Bukit Kiara Federal Park. The study proved that the existence of environmental attributes, in this case, the proximity of a park, influences the house price in the vicinity. Recognizing these economic values will support the justification for developing and maintaining parks which may provide long-term benefits to the community and the environment.

Aesthetic gene and prospect of garden city from the perspective of Chinese dream

This study aims to delve into the impact of the Chinese Dream ideology on the development and aesthetic characteristics of park cities. Building upon their dialectical and unified relationship, it seeks to predict the evolutionary trajectory of urban modernization and methods to enhance residents' quality of life. Focusing on domestic cases of park city construction, the research employs innovative approaches such as on-site investigations, semi-structured interviews, and literature reviews. A distinctive contribution of this study is the introduction of the concept of "aesthetic genes," which is used to describe and interpret aesthetic elements and cultural features within park cities from five different perspectives. Furthermore, the research offers profound analyses from four distinct viewpoints regarding the future prospects of park city development in the new era. By organically integrating the Chinese Dream ideology with the concept of park cities, this study provides valuable theoretical insights and practical guidance in the fields of sustainable park city construction and urban aesthetics research.

The Flowing Chō : Cart Transportation and the Redefinition of Japan's Early Modern Urban Space

Abstract: This article proposes a reinterpretation of the meaning and function of the basic sociospatial unit of the early modern Japanese city, the chō . It argues that chō is best understood not as a fixed unit of space but as a conception that could expand, change, and even move. Takanawa-chō, a peripheral area south of Edo, was transformed into the gateway to the city by its association with the transportation industry. The dynamic movement of this particular "flowing chō " not only reflected but also drove the socioeconomic transformation of the city throughout the Tokugawa period and into the early Meiji era.

Modern Urban Texture Formation Opportunity From Central to Tai Ping Shan Areas of Hong Kong (1841-1905)

Modern Urban Texture Formation Opportunity From Central to Tai Ping Shan Areas of Hong Kong (1841-1905)

Особливості урбаністики в умовах цифрової економіки

This work focuses on the study of the features of modern urbanism, the development of «smart cities» in the context of the formation of the digital economy. With this in mind, special attention is paid to the development of digital tools – as one of the driving forces of the modern digital economy – and the possibility of its effective use for the development of modern urbanism. The purpose of the presented work is to determine the features of modern urbanism in the context of the formation of the digital economy and possible vectors of its further development. The main methods of research are: methods of analysis and synthesis – to determine the features of urbanism and the characteristics of its elements, which directly depend on the conditions of the digital economy; methods of induction and deduction – to determine the modern vector of urban development and the formation of the digital economy; comparison methods – to describe the elements of urbanism that depend on the current conditions of the digital economy; tabular and graphical methods – for visual display of the results of the presented research. The main results of the research include the following conclusions: digital technologies allow the development of the conception of «smart city», where sensors, the Internet of Things, data analytics and artificial intelligence are used to optimize the management of urban resources, reduce energy consumption, improve the transport system, ensure safety and improve the quality of life of residents; government agencies can use digital technologies to improve the operation of city services and units, provide online services to citizens, e-governance, and ensure openness and transparency in city governance; large amounts of data collected from sensors, mobile apps, public systems, and other sources allow for detailed analysis of the urban environment. The digital economy creates new opportunities for public engagement in urbanization processes. Mobile apps, online platforms and social networks allow city residents to take an active part in decision-making on the development of their city, express their needs and opinions.

Simulating inter-city population flows based on graph neural networks

Inter-city population mobility, a critical phenomenon in the modern urbanisation process, is closely related to urban industrial structure and socioeconomic development. This paper aims to investigate the dynamics of population flows and their intricate ties to industrial structure, so we employ the graph neural networks (GNNs) method to simulate inter-city population flows in China, which efficiently integrates demographic and socioeconomic data with Tencent migration big data while accounts for geographical relationships between cities. The results show that the model’s predictive accuracy using the CPC index was high for road and rail traffic and moderate for air transportation. A comparison with real-world data verified the model’s effectiveness in predicting the urban hierarchy and regional aggregation of flows. Using GNNExplainer, the results indicated that population size positively influenced population flow, while developed manufacturing reduced population mobility for road and rail traffic but increased it for air transportation. By conducting scenario simulations in Northeast China, we found that enhancing the region’s industry and consumer service industry could mitigate negative population outflows. The conclusions drawn from this study offer valuable perspectives to policymakers and urban planners, enabling them to make well-informed and judicious choices concerning urban planning, transportation, and resource allocation.

Coordination and Co-Governance: A Study of Modern Urban Community Governance Strategies

Coordination and Co-Governance: A Study of Modern Urban Community Governance Strategies

Urban Modernization of Late Ottoman Kadıköy and the Memoirs of Hovhannes Kalfa Stepanian

Urban Modernization of Late Ottoman Kadıköy and the Memoirs of Hovhannes Kalfa Stepanian

Ways of Development of Modern Urban Environment in the Context of Appropriation of Underground Spaces

Today, in many countries of the world, the appropriation of underground areas is directly related to urban planning and development. If, until now, the subsoil was considered a technical area through which the engineering and technical infrastructures passed, a new task is presented: to develop the principles of functional zoning of the given areas by the master plan of the city, which is considered in the article. The purpose of this article is to develop a method of systematic appropriation of underground areas, which will contribute to the solution of socio-economic problems in the context of urban development. During the research, a study of local and international experience was carried out, on the basis of which an analysis of the situation of underground and above-ground areas was developed in the context of the urban environment, on the example of Yerevan. A methodology was formed based on the principle of effectiveness of the interconnection of the discussed underground and above-ground areas and the application of new volume-spatial approaches.

Strategies and Practices of Renovating Old Buildings and Urban Renewal

This research aims to explore methods and strategies for the renovation of old buildings to meet the demands of urban renewal and cultural preservation. In the process of modern urbanization, the preservation and renovation of old buildings have become significant topics. However, constraints such as financial limitations, technological challenges, and societal obstacles to cultural awareness and understanding have hindered the renovation process. This study examines typical cases from both domestic and international contexts, delving into the technologies and methods employed in the renovation of old buildings. It investigates strategies related to policy regulations, social involvement, and environmentally friendly materials. Employing a methodology of literature review and case analysis, the study highlights key technologies including modern material application, green building concepts, and earthquake resistance. The research findings indicate that the renovation of old buildings while protecting cultural heritage, can enhance urban image and promote sustainable development. Through comprehensive analysis, this study concludes that policy support, social engagement, and technological innovation are pivotal factors in the renovation of old buildings. It emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts among governmental bodies, property owners, professional associations, and other stakeholders to achieve a virtuous cycle of urban renewal and cultural heritage preservation.

Spatial analysis and technological influences on smart city development in Kazakhstan

This study delves into the evolving landscape of smart city development in Kazakhstan, a domain gaining increasing relevance in the context of urban modernization and digital transformation. The research is anchored in the quest to understand how specific technological factors influence the formation of smart cities within the region. To this end, the study adopts a Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) as its core analytical tool, leveraging data on server density, cloud service usage, and electronic invoicing practices across various Kazakhstani cities. The crux of the research revolves around assessing the impact of these selected technological variables on the smart city development process. The SAR model’s application facilitates a nuanced understanding of the spatial dynamics at play, offering insights into how these factors vary in influence across different urban areas. A key finding of this investigation is the significant positive correlation between the adoption of electronic invoicing and smart city development, a result that stands in contrast to the relatively insignificant impact of server density and cloud service usage. The conclusion drawn from these findings underscores the pivotal role of digital administrative processes, particularly electronic invoicing, in driving the smart city agenda in Kazakhstan. This insight not only contributes to the academic discourse on smart cities but also holds practical implications for policymakers and urban planners. It suggests a strategic shift towards prioritizing digital administrative innovations over mere infrastructural or technological upgrades. The study’s outcomes are poised to guide future smart city initiatives in Kazakhstan and offer a reference point for similar emerging economies embarking on their smart city journeys.

The knowledge status in the paradigms of urban studies

The social nature of the city, its landscape and architectural, iconic and system codes ensure cultural continuity and unity of society. The article presents a comparative analysis of the concepts of the city in the era of modern, postmodern (“second modern”) and metamodern. In order to identify the basic approaches to the comprehensive study of the city, the context of urban research is characterized at each stage of the development of scientific knowledge, and the discourse of the most significant concepts is determined. The author substantiates the necessity for modern urbanism to apply a meta-research approach to its object.

Multilayer Reading of the Urban Environment as a Method of Studying Space Transformation

Abstract: The urban environment is undergoing significant transformations driven by a multitude of factors, raising methodological questions about forecasting these changes within the context of sustainable development. This article delves into the multifaceted realm of urban science, exploring how it scrutinizes urban spaces, the tools it employs, and the aspects it often overlooks.
 Contemporary urban science confronts the intricate web of constituents that comprise a city system and their intricate interplay. This complexity underscores the fragmentary and non-comprehensive nature of modern urban studies. The questions of what urban science is, from what point of view and with what tools it examines the urban space, and which phenomena are ignored or incompletely studied in that process were studied. Based on the complexity level of the constituent elements of the city system and the interrelationship of these elements, the non-comprehensive and fragmentary character of studies of modern urban science has been formulated, and "Reading" the city becomes an essential endeavor, unveiling the city's narrative, culture, and identity. This article contemplates the principles and methodologies of reading the urban landscape, recognizing it as a dynamic, ever-evolving text that we must interpret and comprehend.
 Article states the need for "reading" the city and form the "language" of the city applying the concept of "textuality" as an interdisciplinary method to study the space, as well as the principles and methods of reading the urban landscape. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, bringing together diverse methods to shed light on the multifaceted urban landscape. This holistic and interdisciplinary approach is vital in addressing the dynamic challenges and opportunities posed by modern urbanization.
 Keywords: urbanism, landscape, transformation, identity, textuality,

Bangkok: 1999- 2542. Examining the Legacy of the Sixth Edition of “Cities on the Move”

“Cities on the Move” was an itinerant art exhibition curated by Hans-Ulrigh Obrist and Hou Hanru that versed about modern urbanity in Asia. The sixth edition took place in 1999 in Bangkok, a city that was still recovering from a severe financial crisis. At that time, the Thai capital lacked exhibition venues fit for international shows.However, such inconvenience turned into an opportunity to display the artworks right at the urban realm for which they had been created. The event took place in a non-Western setting at the cusp of its particular stance of Postmodernity, at a time when globalization was in its nascent stages and the rise of China was a mere promise. The curatorial manifest, as well as the setup of the itinerant show, was markedly influenced by architect Rem Koolhaas and his vision about the upcoming development of Asia. To date, the Bangkok event has not received the same attention as other editions that enjoyed better support and attention by worldwide critics. Almost twenty-five years later, we examine through the lens of architecture the conditions that accompanied the Sixth Edition of “Cities on the Move”, assessing the significance of its legacy as a pivot moment in contemporary art and urban studies in Asia.

Next-Generation Urban Intelligence: Integrating 6G Communication and Blockchain Technology for Smart City Advancements

The process of modern urbanization necessitates significant advancements in social, environmental, and economic aspects to enhance the overall quality of life in cities. This evolution has given rise to the concept of "Smart Cities." The incorporation of cutting-edge technologies such as blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), and other innovative communication systems has accelerated the progress towards the establishment of the sixth-generation communication intelligence, commonly known as 6G.Connected to the blockchain in smart cities is a crucial key, and researchers conducted an in-depth analysis of prior research to elucidate the pivotal contributions, ensuring a clear understanding of the state-of-the-art in sixth generation blockchain for smart cities. This study aims to pave the way for future research by examining key technologies, scenarios, challenges, and associated issues. Exploring the obstacles in deployment that require resolution before the implementation of block intelligence in 6G networks, this study aims to establish a foundational understanding for forthcoming advancements in blockchain technology within this generation. The paper outlines prospective research areas critical for the evolution of blockchain in the 6G era. Additionally, it addresses the challenges associated with integrating blockchain amidst the advancements in computing and mobile communication technologies, offering insights into the complexities that need to be navigated for a successful efficiency.

Research on the Innovation of Institutional Mechanisms for Urban-Rural Integration Development in Henan Province in the Context of New Urbanization

Abstract Promoting the integrated development of both rural and urban locations in the context of new urbanization is a major strategic initiative for comprehensively building a socialist modernized country and achieving coordinated development across regions. The first section of this essay focuses on the significance of modern urbanization and urban-rural combined development, as well as their interactions and internal dynamics. Second, using the province of Henan as an example, it constructs an indicator evaluation system, calculates indicator weights using the entropy value method, and analyzes the development comprehensive evaluation index in order to assess the degree of new urbanization and urban-rural integration development. In the end, a coupling degree of coordination model is constructed to examine the coupling cooperation between new urbanization and urban-rural combined development. Specific suggestions are given to innovate institutional systems that promote urban-rural integrated growth in Henan Province. The overall urban-rural integrated Henan Province’s development index exhibits an upward trend between 2010 and 2020; the comprehensive index increased from 0.1548 to 0.8628, with an average annual growth rate of almost 23.84%.In Henan Province, the value of coupling among the two systems of new urbanization and urban-rural integrated development has grown from 0.932 to 0.985, which is at a high degree of coupling. Urban-rural interaction will be realized, and the efficiency of urban-rural coordinated growth will be increased if the urban-rural built development approach in Henan Province is implemented based on local conditions, scientific positioning, and accelerating the melding of production and urbanization.

Research on the Conservation and Utilization of Landscape Heritage in Modern Urban Parks in Shenyang, China

The transition analysis and type division of landscape heritage are the effective management methods to achieve the overall conservation and targeted utilization of modern urban parks. In this study, Shenyang Zhongshan Park, the first modern urban park in Shenyang, was taken as the research object to explore the historical and cultural value of modern urban parks in Northeast China. The current status and transition characteristics of landscape heritage were analyzed, and the landscape heritage types were divided by their conservation and utilization evaluations. A total of 44 landscape heritages existed in Shenyang Zhongshan Park, including three categories, i.e., 15 historic sites, 20 cultural comprehensive sites, and 9 natural sites. Based on the IPA model, the landscape heritage was further divided into three subcategories, i.e., already designated for conservation (ADC), should be designated for conservation (SDC), and should be restricted scale (SRS). ADC was composed of one historic (Chiyoda water tower), two cultural comprehensive (water sources), and three natural (ancient trees) landscape heritages. SDC was a landscape heritage with long construction age, high importance, poor conservation, and high utilization, which can represent the cultural characteristics of the park and the need to speed up the improvement of its protection system. SRS weakened the cultural characteristics of the park. Its construction intensity should be reduced to highlight the core themes of the park (i.e., historical and cultural themes). In the future, modern urban parks should be conserved and utilized based on identifying different landscape heritage types. This study provides a theoretical basis for the management and development of modern urban parks from the perspective of conservation and utilization of landscape heritage.

Retracing a Historical Waterway and its Impact on the Community Life of Tangail City, Bangladesh

Modern urbanism is consuming significant features of the land comprehensively to accommodate the massive population to accelerate economic growth. The navigation system of the Bengal Delta is one of the most affluent and beneficiary features in Bangladesh. Tangail is a city near the capital of Bangladesh (Dhaka) situated on the bank of the Louhojong River. In the colonial period, there was an essential canal through the town, which inspired and shaped the core layout of the city. Several historically important pieces of architecture were also built on both sides of the canal. This study traces the lost navigation and only historically important riparian landscape, architecture, and community spaces, which was spatially connected by the water source. The study emphasizes social and urban interaction with landscape and architecture. It takes the help of mapping and qualitative research to simulate the community activities of the colonial city. The research illustrates the impact of a water source on a community-responsive city. An analysis of how the city consumed the most important historical evidence can be visualized through illustrations based on the demonstrations of a local history-conserving organization and the evidences collected from local inhabitants.