Urban Males Research Articles

Patient’s and Caregiver’s Awareness On Secondary Prevention Strategy Of Ischemic Stroke

Background: Stroke is a big problem in Bangladesh. Though the incidence of ischemic stroke is stable or increasing, mortality is gradually decreasing. As a result, questions about disability and stroke recurrence are coming forward. A successful prevention strategy for ischemic stroke depends on the patient’s and caregiver’s awareness regarding ischemic stroke. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the awareness of the patients and caregivers regarding the secondary prevention strategy of ischemic stroke. Materials and methods: This was a pilot study using a questionnaire developed by a literature review. This observational study was done in the department of neurology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from March 2015 to February 2018. The study subjects were interviewed face to face with a questionnaire. Results: More than half of the respondents (54.3%) thought that ongoing drugs would cure the stroke, and they were found to be unaware of reducing or controlling their risk factors. Among risk factors, only smoking (86.4%), hypertension (84.3%), lack of regular exercise (84.3%), and being overweight (81.4%) were well-known to the respondents. Conclusion: More than half of the subjects knew the drugs should be taken to cure the disease. There was no significant difference in knowledge between rural and urban people, or males and females, regarding ischemic stroke risk factors. A system of group teaching and group discussion can change the situation. J Dhaka Med Coll. 2022; 31(1) : 15-22

Association of spouse's health status with the onset of depressive symptoms in partner: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the associations between the multidimensional health status of one spouse and the onset of depressive symptoms in partner, and whether the associations differed by gender and residence. MethodsWe analyzed data from 2401 females and their husbands (scenario 1), and 2830 males and their wives (scenario 2) who participated in the 2011/2012 and 2015 waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Multidimensional health indicators included mobility disability, activities of daily living disability, frailty, global cognition, depressive symptoms, comorbidity, and self-reported health. Principal component analysis was used to construct a composite health indicator reflecting overall health status that was then categorized into three groups (poor, moderate, and excellent). Logistic regression models were performed. ResultsWe observed strong associations of spouse's health status with the onset of depressive symptoms in partner. For instance, females whose husbands had poor overall health status reported more depressive symptoms than those having husbands with excellent overall health after four years (OR: 1.75; 95 % CI: 1.35, 2.26). These associations were statistically significant in rural females and urban males, but surprisingly disappeared in rural males and urban females. LimitationsNo exact timing of depressive symptoms onset. ConclusionsIn Chinese middle-aged and older adults, spouse's health status is associated with depressive symptoms in partner and the associations vary by gender and residence. The findings underscore the importance of considering partner's health status to manage one spouse's mental health.

CHANGES IN SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING DURING RETIREMENT TRANSITION: A 10-YEAR COHORT STUDY OF AGING ADULTS IN CHINA

Abstract The literature on retirement adjustment remains inconclusive whether retirement transition is a stressor or a relief. This study examined the effects of retirement on subjective well-being of Chinese ageing adults in various phases of retirement. Drawing on a representative sample of “baby boomers” born in 1945-1965 (N = 3,328) from the China Family Panel Studies (2010-2018), the author examined the within-individual changes in subjective well-being, measured by life satisfaction and confidence in the future, using time-distributed fixed-effects regression technique. After adjusting for a wealth of potential confounders such as financial standing and health, the data reveal that the two outcomes of interest started increasing at two years before retiring. In addition, the improvements persisted in four or more postretirement years. Urban adults experienced greater well-being boost than rural residents during the immediate pre- and post-retirement period, but not in two or more postretirement years. Furthermore, the subjective well-being of urban females and rural males increased upon retirement and fluctuated significantly, whereas rural females and urban males experienced a stable increase in subjective well-being since the first preretirement year. Results suggest that the transition into retirement generally represents a relief for urban ageing adults in China, but the well-being improvements are stratified by residency and gender. Therefore, retirement policies should ensure subjective well-being of disadvantaged pre-retirees and attend to the needs of retired urban women and rural men.

‘What discretion do you need?’ Factors influencing police decision-making in possession of cannabis offences

Research suggests that those most likely to be policed for cannabis possession are young, ethnically minoritised, urban males belonging to ‘suspect’ groups. This study examined police decision-making in cannabis possession cases in a Northern England force. Findings demonstrate that, outside of a few cases in which cannabis was being used in public, the policing of cannabis in this force area most often involved ‘accidental’ discovery, in the sense that the original interest in individuals or vehicles was not related to cannabis possession, but was rather based on ‘suspicion formation’ concerning certain types of car, behaviours, people and locations. Once detected, officers felt obliged to take action due to pressure from the public and managers, the harms they associated with cannabis and because the smell of cannabis made its public use difficult to ignore. There was little evidence of informal responses to cannabis suggesting a shift towards policing driven by force guidelines. However, guidelines differ, meaning that people who receive a criminal record in some force areas would not be criminalised in others. The consequences of having such a record suggest that achieving consistency in the policing of cannabis should prioritised.

Mortality rate of mental disorder trends in China from 2002 to 2020.

The number of people with mental disorders is increasing in China, but there are few studies on the temporal trends and population distribution of mental disorder mortality. The mortality of mental disorders were derived from the China Health Statistics Yearbook published by the National Health and Family Planning Commission. Temporal trends in mortality were examined with a joinpoint regression using annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). A Poisson regression model was utilized to test the population-level risk factors associated with the death of people with mental disorders. The mortality of mental disorders in rural Chinese residents showed a decreasing trend from 2002 to 2020 [AAPC -2.06%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.16 to -0.91%]. The mortality of mental disorders in urban Chinese residents declined between 2005 and 2011 (APC -13.01%, 95% CI -21.08 to -4.13%). The mortality rate of mental disorders has decreased for urban males with an APC of -2.71% (95% CI -4.52 to -0.71) from 2002 to 2020. Urban women showed an increase in mental disorder mortality from 2002 to 2005 and from 2012 to 2020 with APCs of 19.65% (95% CI 0.64-42.32%) and 6.16% (95% CI 2.22-10.33%), respectively. Age was a significant risk factor for mental disorder mortality (odds ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.23-1.32). The dissemination of medical and health information, investment in medical and health resources, and the modification and optimization of regulations have led to a decrease in mental disorder mortality in China. It is vital to devote greater attention to elderly individuals suffering from mental disorders.

Help-seeking behavior among adults who attempted or died by suicide in Ontario, Canada.

This study aims to determine the relationship between rurality and help-seeking behavior prior to a suicide or suicide attempt. Data from 2007 to 2017 were obtained from administrative databases held at ICES, which capture all hospital, emergency department (ED), and general practitioner (GP) visits across Ontario. Rurality was defined using the Rurality Index of Ontario scores. Help-seeking was based on accessing health services 1 year prior to the event. Among those who died by suicide (N=9848), those living in rural areas were less likely to seek help from a psychiatrist (rural males: AOR=0.42, 95% CI=0.31-0.57; rural females: AOR=0.46, 95% CI=0.29-0.97) compared with those living in urban areas. We found a similar association among those who attempted suicide (N=82,480) (rural males: AOR=0.49, 95% CI=0.43-0.56; rural females: AOR=0.51, 95% CI=0.46-0.57). Rural males and females were more likely to seek care from an ED for mental health reasons compared with urban males and females. Among people who died by suicide, those living in rural areas are generally less likely to access psychiatrists and GPs and more likely to access EDs, suggesting that people living in rural areas may have less access to care than their urban counterparts.

Prevalence of hypertension among the indigenous population in North-East India: Is this a consequence of "nutritional transition"?

This article aims to understand the influence of residential status on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among adult Angami Naga of Nagaland. A total number of 194 (100 rural and 94 urban) adult Angami Naga participated in the study. Blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, was measured for each participant. Nutritional status was evaluated through body mass index. Metabolic health was measured through waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and percent body fat (%BF). Multiple regression analysis was done to examine the influence of residential status and other bio-social factors on the prevalence of obesity and hypertension. Results indicate high prevalence of systolic hypertension among urban residents, in both males (29.6%Urban vs. 20.4%Rural ; p > .05) and females (17.4%Urban vs. 11.6%Rural ; p > .05), with gender inequality favoring females. Similar trend was observed in diastolic hypertension as well. On the other hand, obesity was found to be greater in rural males (8.3%Urban vs.10.2%Rural ; p=.002), and urban females (11.6%Urban vs. 3.5%Rural ; p > .05). However in %BF, only negligible percentages of urban females (2.3%Urban vs. 0.0%Rural ; p > .05) were found to be moderately overweight or obese and no males were found to be overweight. Further, regression analyzes indicate that age, sex, and residential status are the most important (p < .001) causal factors behind the prevalence of obesity and hypertension among the Angami Naga. It was observed that elderly urban males were the most susceptible section of this community in developing CVD risk factors related vulnerabilities. However, we propose understanding this prevalence from an evolutionary approach of physiological mechanism toward nutritional transition in Angami Naga, like many other indigenous populations of northeast India.

Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in 2017 and the time-trend from 2010 to 2017 in Henan province, China: a population-based registry study.

BackgroundHenan province is an area with a serious disease burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China. Understanding the current incidence and mortality and the time-trend is critical to formulate and optimize prevention and control strategies for CRC. However, the current incidence and mortality and time-trend of CRC in Henan province, China have not been reported.MethodsCRC data was got from the Henan Provincial Central Cancer Registry of China in which the data was submitted from local cancer registries. Combined with the census data, the incidence, mortality, proportion, age-standardized rate by Chinese population (ASRC), age-standardized rate by world population (ASRW), and cumulative incidence and mortality (0–74 years old) of CRC by urban and rural population, gender, and age groups were estimated. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of ASRC from 2010 to 2017 were analyzed.ResultsIn 2017, it was estimated that there were 20,275 new cases and 10,046 deaths of CRC in Henan province. The crude incidence was 18.73/100,000, with an age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese population (ASIRC) of 13.97/100,000 and age-standardized mortality rate by world population (ASIRW) of 13.78/100,000. The cumulative incidence was 1.66%. The mortality rate was 9.28/100,000, with an age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese population (ASMRC) of 6.49/100,000 and an age-standardized mortality rate by world population (ASMRW) of 6.45/100,000. The cumulative mortality rate was 0.69%. The ASIRC and ASMRC were higher in urban areas (15.89/100,000, 7.19/100,000) than in rural areas (13.13/100,000, 6.20/100,000), and higher in males (15.53/100,000, 7.44/100,000) than in females (12.48/100,000, 5.66/100,000). The age-specific incidence reached the peak at age of 80–84, and the age-specific mortality reached the peak at age 85. From 2010 to 2017, the overall ASIRC and ASMRC showed a steady trend (P>0.05), while an upward trend was observed in the mortality rate in urban males (AAPC =3.4, 95% CI: 0.2–6.7, P=0.040).ConclusionsThe incidence and mortality of CRC were high in Henan province, and higher in urban areas and males. It is critical to strengthen the prevention and control of CRC, carry out targeted intervention, and promote screening and early diagnosis and treatment, particularly among urban areas and males.

Excess Pandemic Mortality in Russia’s Regions in 2020

Counterfactual estimates of excess deaths in Russian regions in 2020 are compared with actual deaths to measure the initial COVID impact. COVID is a real threat to high labor productivity regions and those with relatively bigger defense sectors. Corruption is surprisingly found to lower excess deaths. Legacy Soviet human capital and early Putin era democracy don’t appear to impact excess deaths. Urban males are most threatened with an even greater negative impact on the economy as COVID moves into working age brackets in the medium term. Living in rural areas and/or in regions far from Moscow was relatively safer in 2020.

What About Females? Urban Female Song Sparrows Elevate Aggressive Signaling Compared to Rural.

The costs and benefits of breeding behaviors are influenced by environmental conditions, and habitat variation can shift the degree to which behaviors are expressed. Novel urban habitats have been shown to differ significantly in disturbances such as noise, light at night, and human presence, as well as resource availability, compared to rural habitats. Perhaps because of these environmental differences, urban males of several species are consistently more aggressive than rural males, raising the hypothesis that greater territorial aggression is beneficial in urban habitats. Though often ignored, female songbirds of many species also perform aggressive territorial behaviors towards conspecifics during the breeding season. For socially monogamous songbirds, this aggression functions to ensure partner fidelity and secure resources for reproduction. Studies of the effects of urbanization on songbird behavior have yet to determine if urban females also express greater territorial aggression. Importantly, energetically demanding behaviors such as territoriality and parental care should constrain one another, leading to behavioral trade-offs during the breeding season. Though territorial aggression and parental care are inversely related in males of several species of songbird, this relationship is understudied in female songbirds, particularly those facing environmental change such as urbanization. In this study, we compared aggressive signaling and a measure of parental care (maternal nest visitation rates) between female song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), living in urban and rural habitats. We hypothesized that female aggressive signaling would be higher in urban environments compared to rural, and negatively correlated with maternal visitation rates. We found that urban females, like males, expressed increased aggressive signaling compared to rural. However, female aggressive signaling was not related to our measure of maternal care, suggesting females aren't facing a trade-off between these two behaviors. Collectively, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that urban habitats promote territorial aggression in female song sparrows. As urbanization continues to spread, understanding the behavioral changes animals employ in urban environments requires studying individuals of different sexes and age classes, and will help us understand how some species are able to cope with human induced rapid environmental change.

The Evolution of Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Turkey

ABSTRACT We investigate the role of intergenerational transmission in educational outcomes and inequalities for cohorts born between 1951 and 1985 in Turkey via the Turkish Statistical Institute’s Intergenerational Transmission of Disadvantages Module in 2011. Our results show that Turkey has a relatively low degree of intergenerational educational mobility. Further, the primary measures of intergenerational educational mobility – the regression and correlation coefficients via years of schooling – exhibit a U-shape over the sample period. Our first decomposition exercise reveals that the early cohorts’ improving intergenerational mobility stems mainly from the educational improvements of descendants born to low-educated fathers. In contrast, the recently increasing intergenerational correlation stems from the disproportionately favorable university prospects of descendants born to university graduate fathers. Moreover, we decompose the correlation coefficient via a second methodology and show that 91% of the correlation stems from within-subgroup correlations. Specifically, the contribution of urban (rural) males and females average 32% and 44% (7% and 8%), respectively.

A gender-specific assessment of tobacco use risk factors: evidence from the latest Pakistan demographic and health survey

BackgroundThe high prevalence of tobacco use in Pakistan poses a substantial health and economic burden to Pakistani individuals, families, and society. However, a comprehensive assessment of the key risk factors of tobacco use in Pakistan is very limited in the literature. A better understanding of the key risk factors of tobacco use is needed to identify and implement effective tobacco control measures.ObjectivesTo investigate the key socioeconomic, demographic, and psychosocial determinants of tobacco smoking in a recent large nationally representative sample of Pakistani adults.MethodsN = 18,737 participants (15,057 females and 3680 males) from the 2017–18 Pakistan Demographic Health Survey, aged 15–49 years, with data on smoking use and related factors were included. Characteristics of male and female participants were compared using T-tests (for continuous variables) and χ2-tests (for categorical variables). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify gender-specific risk factors of tobacco use. The Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve test was used to evaluate the predictive power of models.ResultsWe found that the probability of smoking for both males and females is significantly associated with factors such as their age, province/region of usual residence, education level, wealth, and marital status. For instance, the odds of smoking increased with age (from 1.00 [for ages 15–19 years] to 3.01 and 5.78 respectively for females and males aged 45–49 years) and decreased with increasing education (from 1.00 [for no education] to 0.47 and 0.50 for females and males with higher education) and wealth (from 1.00 [poorest] to 0.43 and 0.47 for richest females and males). Whilst the odd ratio of smoking for rural males (0.67) was significantly lower than that of urban males (1.00), the odds did not differ significantly between rural and urban females. Finally, factors such as occupation type, media influence, and domestic violence were associated with the probability of smoking for Pakistani females only.ConclusionsThis study identified gender-specific factors contributing to the risk of tobacco usage in Pakistani adults, suggesting that policy interventions to curb tobacco consumption in Pakistan should be tailored to specific population sub-groups based on their sociodemographic and psychosocial features.

A Comparison of Meeting Physical Activity and Screen Time Recommendations between Canadian Youth Living in Rural and Urban Communities: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Meeting the physical activity (PA) and recreational screen time recommendations for children and young people is associated with several health benefits. The purpose of this study was to compare the odds of meeting PA and recreational screen time recommendations between the Canadian youth living in urban versus rural communities. We analyzed nationally representative cross-sectional data collected as part of the 2017–2018 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey among young people aged 12–17 years. PA and screen time were self-reported. Sex-specific multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of meeting individual and combined PA and recreational screen time recommendations by rural and urban status after adjusting for individual, socioeconomic, and seasonal covariates. The odds of meeting the PA recommendation were not statistically significantly different among males (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.86–1.18) or females (OR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99–1.11) living in urban versus rural communities. The odds of meeting the recreational screen time recommendations were statistically significantly lower among male (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.65–0.77) and female (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59–0.86) youth living in urban compared to those in rural communities. The odds of meeting the combined PA and screen time recommendations were statistically significantly lower among urban males (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.71–0.81) but not females (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.58–1.15) than those from rural communities. These findings suggest that residential context (i.e., urban versus rural) may have a differential impact on meeting the combined PA and screen time recommendations among the male and female Canadian youth. Future research should investigate these differences using device-based measures.

Schools as jails: Urban African American Adolescent Males’ (UAAM) experiences and perceptions of violence in low‐income public schools

AbstractThis manuscript presents urban African American adolescent males’ (UAAM) experiences and perceptions of violence in low‐income public schools. Findings derived from a qualitative study that investigated the meanings and experiences of violence among UAAM. Nine and six UAAM participated in in‐depth phenomenological interviews and a focus group, respectively. Findings revealed that UAAM experience and perceive school as a site for criminalizing their behaviors, peer fights, and being undereducated by teachers. Implications for counselors, educators, and service providers are discussed.

Urban–rural lifespan disparities and cause-deleted analysis: evidence from China

ObjectivesTo examine the length and dispersion level of lifespan for the subnational populations in China, identify the urban–rural gap and sex differences, and analyse the contribution made by causes of...

Barriers to treatment of alcohol and tobacco use disorders in industrial workers.

Background:Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common among industrial workers and often lead to higher absenteeism and lower productivity. Multiple factors may be responsible for hindering the treatment of SUDs among industrial workers.Objective:The study was planned to assess the barriers to treatment of SUDs among workers employed in organized industries and factories.Materials and Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study done at a tertiary care hospital associated with medical college in Delhi NCR. A total of 200 participants presenting to medicine outpatient department for the treatment of illnesses other than SUDs were selected by systematic random sampling. Participants consenting for inclusion and fulfilling the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders, 5th edition criteria for substance dependence were assessed using barriers to treatment inventory and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 7.0.2.Results:The most commonly reported barriers to seeking treatment were time conflict (99.5%), followed by the absence of problem (80.5%), fear of treatment (68%), and negative social factors (49%). The absence of problem as a major barrier was reported significantly more in younger male participants, whereas fear of treatment was reported more in younger and unmarried females. Privacy concerns showed significant association with older females whereas negative social support was associated with married urban males. Alcohol dependence was observed to be significantly more in barriers such as admission difficulty, poor treatment availability, privacy concern absence of problem, and poor treatment availability and admission difficulty as a barrier was observed to be more in mild severity of illness.Conclusion:Educating employees through company wellness programs, Employee Assistance Program, and Work/Life programs to educate them about the harmful effect of substance use and various treatment availability options. Efforts should be made to reduce stigma in the workplaces, making necessary amendments so as to allow workers to have sufficient time for proper rehabilitative services and to ensure the patient about the privacy and confidentiality of the illness and treatment.

Rurality as a Risk Factor for Attempted Suicide and Death by Suicide in Ontario, Canada.

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine rural and urban differences in attempted suicide and death by suicide in Ontario, Canada.MethodThis is a population-based nested case-control study. Data were obtained from administrative databases held at ICES, which capture all hospital and emergency department visits across Ontario between 2007 and 2017. All adults living in Ontario who attempted suicide or died by suicide are included in the study, and controls were matched by sex and age. Suicides were captured using vital statistics. Suicide attempts were determined using emergency department service codes.ResultsRurality is a risk factor for attempted suicide and death by suicide. Rural males are more likely to die by suicide compared with urban males (adjusted odds ratio(AOR) = 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.49 to 1.95), and the odds of death by suicide increase with increasing levels of rurality. Rural males and females have an increased risk of attempted suicide compared with their urban counterparts (males: AOR = 1.37, 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.50) (females: AOR = 1.26, 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.39), with a pattern of increasing risk of suicide attempts with increasing rurality. Rural females are not at increased risk of suicide compared with urban females (AOR = 1.08, 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.45). Sensitivity analyses corroborated the results.ConclusionsRural males are almost two times more likely to die by suicide compared with urban males, and both rural males and females have an elevated risk of suicide attempts compared with urban residents. Future research should examine potential mediators of the relationship between rurality and suicide.

Analysis on mortality trends of road traffic injury in Tianjin, 2000-2019

Objective: To investigate the mortality trends of road traffic injury in Tianjin from 2000 to 2019, understand the mortality of road traffic injury in different populations and provide evidence for the prevention and control of road traffic injury. Methods: Mortality data of road traffic injury in Tianjin during 2000-2019 were collected from the Population Based Mortality Surveillance System in Tianjin. Population data of permanent residents were collected from Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau. The crude mortality rate, the Chinese age-standardized rates, and premature mortality probability and gender and area specific constituent ratio were calculated. The trends in different populations were analyzed by using Joinpoint regression analysis. The average annual percent change (AAPC) and annual percent change (APC) were calculated. Results: From 2000 to 2019, a total of 26 919 deaths due to road traffic injury occurred in Tianjin. The death constituent ratio decreased from 21.28% to 18.38% in urban males and the death constituent ratio in urban women declined from 7.01% to 6.28%. The death constituent ratio declined from 59.16% to 55.59% in rural males, whereas the death constituent ratio in rural women increased from 12.55% to 19.75%. From 2000 to 2019, the crude mortality rate of road traffic injury declined from 14.08/100 000 to 7.89/100 000, and the age-standardized mortality declined from 13.28/100 000 to 5.51/100 000. The probability of premature mortality was 0.70% in 2000 and 0.38% in 2019. The mortality rate and premature mortality probability of road traffic injury increased first, then decreased slightly and then decreased rapidly. The mortality of road traffic injury increased with age. From 2000 to 2019, the mortality of road traffic injury in males was higher than in females, but showed a rapid decline. The age-standardized mortality rate was 20.97/100 000-8.01/100 000 in males, and 5.10/100 000-2.85/100 000 in females. Compared with the urban area, the mortality rate in rural area was higher, but declined more rapidly in recent years. The age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 6.99/100 000 to 2.46/100 000 in urban area, and from 19.85/100 000 to 8.75/100 000 in rural area. As the population with the highest mortality of road traffic injury, the morality rate in males in rural area had decreased rapidly since 2016, the APC of age-standardized mortality rate from 2016 to 2019 was -18.55%. Conclusions: The effect of the road safety promotion in Tianjin was significant. The mortality of road traffic injury showed a downward trend, especially in recent years. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of rode traffic injury in males, rural residents and elderly people.

EVALUATING IMPEDIMENTS LEADING TO NON-ADHERENCE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY TREATMENT AMONGST INHABITANTS OF ROHTAK DISTRICT

Background:The rate of success of a physiotherapy treatment programme is strongly inuenced by the adherence of the patient with prescribed treatment programme. Non-adherence with the therapy given to the patient is often overlooked and is one of the reasons for failure to achieve desired results aimed for a given disease/condition. Methods:Atotal of 40 geriatric subjects (20 urban and 20 rural) were surveyed for information using self-questionnaire from Rohtak district. Results: Out of 40 subjects (10 urban males and 10 urban females and 10 rural males and 10 rural females) 70% of urban (30% females and 40% males) and 30% of rural (10% females and 20% males) population was found to be adherent to physical therapy treatment. Impediments identied in the current study that were statistically signicantly associated with non-adherence to physical therapy treatment among the geriatric population included residential locality (p=0.02), accessibility to physiotherapy clinics (p=0.001), paying capacity (p=0.003), compliance to unsupervised home based exercise treatment (p=0.01) and cooperation by family members (p= 0.01). A non-signicant relationship was found with ability of doing ADLs (p=0.06). Conclusion: The study shows that geriatric population of Rohtak district residing in urban areas are more adherent to physical therapy treatment programme as compared to those residing in rural areas.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Urban South Indian Population

Because of changes in lifestyle, poor dietary habits, and obesity, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease is on the rise. The metabolic syndrome is a straightforward method for predicting the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the future. To compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in urban south Indian males and females and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in various age groups above 20 years. To find out the most common metabolic abnormality among the study population and to find out specificity and sensitivity of any specific skin marker among the study population.